Showing papers on "Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol published in 2009"
11 Dec 2009
TL;DR: The experimental results showed that HWMP has the lower average latency and the higher data transmission throughput compared with AODV.
Abstract: IEEE 802.11s defines a new mesh data frame format and an extensibility framework for routing. The default routing protocol Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) is described. HWMP is based on Ad hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) and has a configurable extension for proactive routing. It uses MAC address with layer 2 routing and uses Radio-Aware as routing metric. We implemented HWMP on OPNET and evaluated its performance. The experimental results showed that HWMP has the lower average latency and the higher data transmission throughput compared with AODV.
44 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: This paper proposes SHWMP, a secure HWMP protocol for WMN that uses cryptographic extensions to provide authenticity and integrity of HWMP routing messages and prevents unauthorized manipulation of mutable fields in the routing information elements.
Abstract: In recent years, mesh networking has emerged as a key technology for the last mile Internet access and found to be an important area of research and deployment. The current draft standard of IEEE 802.11s has defined routing for Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) in layer-2 and is termed as Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP). However, security in routing or forwarding functionality is not specified in the standard. As a consequence, HWMP in its current from is vulnerable to various types of routing attacks such as flooding, route disruption and diversion, spoofing etc. In this paper, we propose SHWMP, a secure HWMP protocol for WMN. The proposed protocol uses cryptographic extensions to provide authenticity and integrity of HWMP routing messages and prevents unauthorized manipulation of mutable fields in the routing information elements. We show via analysis that the proposed SHWMP successfully thwarts all the identified attacks. Through extensive ns-2 simulations, we show that SHWMP provides higher packet delivery ratio with little increase in end-to-end delay, path acquisition delay and control byte overhead.
40 citations
01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: A qualitative comparison study that considers the characteristics of these metrics and a simulation-based performance analysis to identify the appropriate use cases of each one of them finds iAWARE is found to be more appropriate when there are lot of changes in interfering traffic, however WCETT and EETT are more efficient for low traffic in large networks configurations.
Abstract: IEEE 802.11s is one of the emerging standards designed to build Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) which may serve to extend the coverage of access networks. The default IEEE 802.11s path selection protocol HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) is based on the radio-aware Airtime Link Metric (ALM) that outperforms the hopcount metric in single channel multi-hop wireless networks. However, this metric may lead to capacity degradation when multiple channels and/or multi-radio are used. To fully exploit the capacity gain of multiple channels use, new routing metrics have been proposed such as WCETT, MIC, iAWARE, EETT, and NBLC. These metrics distribute the data traffic load among channels and/or radios to reach the final destination. In this paper, we provide a qualitative comparison study that considers the characteristics of these metrics and a simulation-based performance analysis to identify the appropriate use cases of each one of them. For example, iAWARE is found to be more appropriate when there are lot of changes in interfering traffic, however WCETT and EETT are more efficient for low traffic in large networks configurations.
23 citations
01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: The scalability of the HWMP is evaluated using network simulator NS2 using a grid wide network topologies with n*n static Mesh Point MP routers and results show a very interesting result related to the loss rate, path establishment delay, network throughput and signaling overhead.
Abstract: One of the attractive features of the wireless mesh network is its ability to scale to larger covered area by simply adding more wireless routers. This scalability increases the average number of hops from source to destination and hence it may affect the network performance in terms of delay and throughput. Many solutions have been proposed for wireless mesh networks. Among them the 802.11s proposes a Hybrid Wireless mesh Protocol HWMP. This protocol combines the functionalities of the Radio Metric Ad-hoc On demand Distance Vector protocol RM-AODV and the Tree Based Routing protocol TBR. In this work we propose to evaluate the scalability of the HWMP using network simulator NS2. For this purpose we used a grid wide network topologies with n*n static Mesh Point MP routers. The simulation results show a very interesting result related to the loss rate, path establishment delay, network throughput and signaling overhead.
17 citations
17 Nov 2009
TL;DR: The mesh nodes developed have mesh, mesh access point and mesh portal functionalities simultaneously and use different radios for mesh and access point functionalities, thus giving better service to client stations.
Abstract: This paper describes the implementation of wireless mesh nodes based on the IEEE 802.11s draft where the motivation is to build a real life mesh network. The mesh nodes developed have mesh, mesh access point and mesh portal functionalities simultaneously. The mesh nodes use different radios for mesh and access point functionalities, thus giving better service to client stations. Both reactive and proactive modes of HWMP are supported. The paper also suggests some measures to enhance the performance of the overall network by reducing the number of PREQs.
10 citations
01 Jan 2009
TL;DR: This paper proposes an efficient proactive tree building scheme that adjusts the period of messages transmitted by root mesh node for reducing the overhead and modifies the parts of the proactive tree by the Alternative Parent Node, Local Repair and RANN solicitation to solve the problem of the broken link.
Abstract: The IEEE 802.11s standard (Draft 3.02) defines a path selection algorithm, named HWMP (Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol) which combines an on-demand path selection mode with a proactive tree building mode. The proactive tree building mode in HWMP periodically maintains the routing table. Short tree update intervals can improve the accuracy of the routing table, but may cause high overhead due to frequent message transmissions. On the other hand, long update intervals may cause long delays for path recovery in case of link breaks. In this paper, we propose an efficient proactive tree building scheme that adjusts the period of messages transmitted by root mesh node for reducing the overhead. Also, it does not rebuild the whole tree but just modifies the parts of the proactive tree by the Alternative Parent Node, Local Repair and RANN solicitation to solve the problem of the broken link.
9 citations
20 Jul 2009
TL;DR: From simulations results, it is confirmed that the proposed routing method can build the routing topology before the entire wireless mesh network is constructed and reduce the number of control packets for routing, and it also has scalability.
Abstract: Hybrid wireless mesh protocol (HWMP) is consists of on demand routing protocol RM-AODV and pro-active routing based on tree-base routing. When a mesh portal exists as a gateway of a wireless mesh network, tree-based routing is very efficient in fixed mesh deployments. However, with the distance vector routing method, all mesh points need route metrics based on the network topology and many packets are consumed to build the topology. To solve these problems, we define a new address space based on the link state and propose an initial route establishment method with greedy forwarding by using addresses as positional information. From simulations results, we confirmed that the proposed routing method can build the routing topology before the entire wireless mesh network is constructed and reduce the number of control packets for routing, and it also has scalability.
8 citations
24 Nov 2009
TL;DR: A decentralize root and non-tree based HWMP for IEEE802.11s as well as compared with existing system is proposed.
Abstract: Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is a type of mobile ad-hoc networks. In WMNs, all nodes are static or related with fixed position. WMNs are using Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP), which provide centralized root and tree based proactive routing protocol. In this paper, we propose a decentralize root and non-tree based HWMP for IEEE802.11s as well as compared with existing system.
6 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The experimental results show that HWMP has lower average latency and higher data transmission throughput compared with ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing(AODV).
Abstract: Hybrid wireless mesh protocol(HWMP), the default routing protocol of IEEE 802.11s, was described.HWMP provided two routing modes:on-demand and proactive.An efficient cooperation method of the two routing modes was proposed.It was implemented and its performance was evaluated.The experimental results show that HWMP has lower average latency and higher data transmission throughput compared with ad-hoc on demand distance vector routing(AODV).
1 citations
01 Nov 2009
TL;DR: This paper proposes, different root techniques for different data transmission, non-tree based HWMP for IEEE802.11s, some modification of the reactive routing and as well as compared with existing system.
Abstract: Wireless mesh networks (WMNs) is a type of mobile ad-hoc networks. In WMNs, all nodes are static or related with fixed position. WMNs have a default routing protocol, Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP), which is root constrain and tree-based proactive routing protocol. During reactive routing, it always initiates with PREQ message. In this paper, we propose, different root techniques for different data transmission, non-tree based HWMP for IEEE802.11s. In this paper, we propose some modification of the reactive routing and as well as compared with existing system.