Showing papers on "Ideology published in 1969"

L'homme unidimenslonnel, essai sur l'idéologie de la société industrielle avancée, traduction de One-Dimensional Man, studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society

Abstract: Introduction to the Second Edition Introduction to the First Edition The Paralysis of Criticism: Society Without Opposition ONE DIMEMSIONAL SOCIETY 1. The New forms of Control 2. The Closing of the Political Universe 3 The Conquest of the Unhappy Consciousness: Repressive Desublimation 4. The Closing of the Universe of Discourse ONE DIMENSIONAL THOUGHT 5. Negative thinking: The Defeated Logic of Protest 6. From Negative to Positive Thinking: Technological Rationality and the Logic of Domination 7. The Triumph of Positive Thinking: One-Dimensional Philosophy THE CHANCE OF THE ALTERNATIVE 8. The Historical Commitment of Philosophy 9.The Catastrophe of Liberation 10. Conclusion Index _ _

Slavery: A Problem in American Institutional and Intellectual Life

Abstract: This third edition of Stanley M. Elkin's classic study offers two new chapters by the author. The first, "Slavery and Ideology," considers the discussion and criticism occasioned by this controversial work. Elkins amplifies his original purpose in writing the book and takes into consideration the substantial body of critical commentary. He also attempts a prediction on the course of future research and discussion.

Politics, Ideology, and Belief Systems*

Abstract: The word ideology points to a black box. As a philosopher puts it, ideology “signifies at the same time truth and error, universality and particularity, wisdom and ignorance.” Likewise, for the political scientist the term ideology points to a cluster concept, i.e., belongs to the concepts that bracket a variety of complex phenomena about which one tries to generalize; and the growing popularity of the term has been matched, if anything, by its growing obscurity. All in all, one is entitled to wonder whether there is any point in using “ideology” for scholarly purposes. And my specific question will be whether there is a technical meaning, or meanings, of “ideology” which constitute a necessary tool of enquiry for a science of politics.Discussions about ideology generally fall into two broad domains, namely, ideology in knowledge and/or ideology in politics. With respect to the first area of inquiry the question is whether, and to what extent, man's knowledge is ideologically conditioned or distorted. With respect to the second area of enquiry the question is whether ideology is an essential feature of politics and, if so, what does it explain. In the first case “ideology” is contrasted with “truth,” science and valid knowledge in general; whereas in the second case we are not concerned with the truth-value but with the functional value, so to speak, of ideology. In the first sense by saying ideology we actually mean ideological doctrine (and equivalents), whereas in the second sense we ultimately point to an ideological mentality (also called, hereinafter, ideologism).

The Marxian Revolutionary Idea

Abstract: In this volume Robert C. Tucker looks critically at the later writings of Marx and Engels, not only as political theory but as the ideology for political revolution. From the vantage point established in his earlier work--that there is a continuity underlying Marx's writing from the newly discovered manuscripts of 1844 to the mature work, Capital--Professor Tucker examines Marx as a social, moral, and political theorist, and a theorist of modernization. "The Marxian Revolutionary Idea" is followed, in thought and application, through infancy to maturity, in success and failure, and finally as it has been transformed by modern socialism.

Pupil Control Ideology and Organizational Socialization: A Further Examination of the Influence of Experience on the Beginning Teacher

Abstract: The primary reference employed in this paper is to view schools as social organizations Such a perspective calls attention to the structure of the social relations in the school as well as to norms, values, and other orientations shared by school personnel The present study builds upon earlier research in which pupil control was seen as a central feature of the organizational life of schools2 A major concern was the socialization of teachers with regard to pupil control ideology It was hypothesized that as teachers were absorbed into the teacher subculture their pupil control ideology would become more custodial Cross-sectional data confirmed the prediction that more experienced teachers would be more custodial than less experienced teachers3 Subsequent longitudinal data on a sample of beginning teachers also showed a significant increase in the custodialism of pupil control ideology both after the student teaching experience and again after the first year of teaching4 The purpose of this inquiry is to reexamine the pupil control ideology of the same sample of beginning teachers as they acquired their second year of teaching experience Before the empirical phase of this investigation is reported, it seems appropriate to review the conceptual framework and rationale from which the major hypothesis was developed

Student Political Activism and Ideology: Comparative Characteristics of Activists and Nonactivists.

Abstract: A more careful delineation of the characteristics associated with activism from the characteristics associated with ideology was attempted. 73 undergraduate Sa, belonging to the 6 groups that result from the combination of activism and nonactivism with left, right, and middle ideologies, were given a series of personality and intellectual questionnaires. Activists were found to be significantly (p < .05) more intelligent than nonactivists. There were no differences in ego-defensive ness among any of the groups. Left-oriented Sa were, to a significant degree, less concerned with social acceptance than right- or middle-orient ed Ss. The results indicate the necessity of separating ideology from activism in investigation s of student political activists.

Observations on the Intellectual History of Ethnology and other Social Sciences in Yugoslavia

Abstract: As anthropologists turn increasingly to the study of complex societies, they are led to reflect on the role that social science plays in national ideologies and the ways in which the current state and development of social science reflect other cultural states and processes. Indeed, such reflections can usefully be turned on our own society. One sees that it is much more appropriate to discard old notions of the distinction between ‘science’ and ‘folklore’ and to regard the social science of a particular society, however sophisticated and presumably objective, as an important part of its subjective ideology about itself and the world and thus a part of its own folk theory about the relations of man to society and of men to men. This paper is a sketch of some of the interrelationships between Yugoslav social science and other aspects of Yugoslav culture, with primary emphasis on ethnology.

The Roots of rhetoric: The professional ideology of America's China Watchers

Abstract: This portrayal of China by one of the most respected intellectuals ever to emerge from the shadowy labyrinth of the American diplomatic establishment mirrors twenty years of concentrated work by Am...

Class, Social Cleavage and Indonesian Communism

Abstract: Interest conflicts among social classes provide the foundation upon which communist theories of revolution are constructed, and the strategic formulations of communist parties place heavy reliance upon class factors as motors of their political development. To a greater or lesser degree, however, specific communist movements have been affected in their strategies by the operation of other social cleavages impinging on the political process. Thus in the Russian revolution, the "war or peace" issue was a vital element in Bolshevik calculations; in China, Vietnam and Yugoslavia, the national struggle played a critical role in shaping lines of division to some extent cross-cutting class loyalties. The implications of these interactions for the ideologies of the parties concerned is a complex study, but I think it is true to say at least that class issues in each case have always continued to occupy a prominent role.'

The ideology of autonomy in popular lyrics: a content analysis.

Abstract: (1969). The Ideology of Autonomy in Popular Lyrics: A Content Analysis. Psychiatry: Vol. 32, No. 2, pp. 150-164.

The Ideology of Black Social Science

Abstract: search for understanding through social analysis is conditioned by how we resolve several long standing controversies, not the least of which is the relationship between ideology and science. In the case of Africans captured in the West, particularly in the United States of America), this has all too often been resolved by black intellectuals acquiescing to a white social science. This has meant

Social origins and ideology of physicians: a study of the effects of early socialization.

Abstract: Much research has been done in the past fifteen years on the effects of medical education, viewed as professional socialization. Although the significance of social origins, viewed as early sources of socialization, is recognized, there has been little empirical research on the effects of specific background characteristics on specific attitudes, behavior, and careers of professionals. This paper examines the effects of practicing physicians' socioeconomic and religious background on their concern with success values and on their political ideology, including their attitudes toward government participation in medical care.

Islamic reform and the mystic tradition in eastern Turkey

Abstract: There is now increasing interest in the study of ideology in anthropology. We are disenchanted with community studies. They are obviously useful; but they provide a flat, two-dimensional picture; they are essentially a relic of the times when anthropologists were exclusively interested in primitives and when it was deemed possible to study an entire ‘tribe’ single-handedly. Turning to study the Tamils, Sinhalese, Turks, Kurds, or Circassians, if the anthropologist digs himself into a small peasant village, it is likely that most of the important and significant issues facing these cultures at that time will be lost.

Honor and Conflict in a Sicilian Town

Abstract: Interpersonal conflict is endemic in Western Sicily and frequently involves neighbors and close kin. There are structural reasons for this. In the competition for control of material and human resources, each actor is vulnerable to others, just as they are vulnerable to him, while the boundaries of private property and personal influence are either defined in struggle or remain ambiguous. The resulting system explains not only the frequency of interpersonal conflict, but also the ideology of honor which often frames it. In other words, honor is seen as an historical effect of interpersonal conflict and also, in a more limited sense, as its cause. A distinction is made between normative codes of honor (social honor), and individual adaptations to the problem of honor (personal honor). The preoccupation with personal honor may intensify conflict, while conflict reinforces the traditional codes of honor.

The Thought and Behavior of Zengakuren: Trends in the Japanese Student Movement

Abstract: A decade ago it would have been sufficient to describe the Japanese student movement by discussing the ways in which it differed from student movements in Western countries. At that time, the Japanese student organization, Zengakuren, was unique in being a militant movement based on a Marxist-oriented ideology. But today, the rise of student radicalism seems to have become an international phenomenon, particularly evident in the developed countries, and the resemblance between the milieu -and tactics of the Zengakuren and those of Western movements is striking. Therefore, -after discussing first the characteristics and problems of the Zengakuren, I shall move on to analyze current trends in the movement which appear to be shared by student radicalism elsewhere. While Japanese society is basically a highly developed, industrial one, a residue of feudalism remains in the social system as well -as in the attitudes of the people. And it is natural that the student movement, as a reaction to this society, is inclined to reflect the character of the very thing against which it rebels. Thus, the complexity of the current student movement in Japan is displayed in an ideological ~and organizational rigidity resulting from a Marxist tradition, on the one hand, and in the new left-type radical trends that make for the dynamism of the movement, on the other. This two-way pull indicates that the movement is undergoing a process of transformation in accordance with the rapid changes being wrought within Japanese society 'in general. The term "Zengakuren" has generally been accepted as a synonym for the Japanese student movement and its radicals. In fact, however, "Zengakuren" is the Japanese acronym of "Zennihon Gakusei Jichikai Sorengo," which is translated literally as the National Federation of Student SelfGovernment Associations. Most university campuses in Japan have highly organized student self-government associations, usually in each school or department. Membership in them is compulsory. Zengakuren, the national organization, comprises the maj ority of these local -associations. One would expect, then, that Zengakuren would represent the maj ority of university students in Japan. But the fact is that it actually represents only a relatively small number of activists belonging to various student political groups. (In this it is similar to the movements in other countries.) The

John Toland and the Newtonian Ideology

Abstract: John Toland (1670-1722) is generally referred to by historians of ideas as an 'early English deist'. Even by dismissing the ambiguities in usage of the term 'deist' during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, the title is nonetheless inadequate as a characterization of Toland's thought. This essay will attempt, therefore, to illuminate the central aspects of his life and thought, while emphasizing the historical and ideological context within which Toland must be placed.1 This context has generally been ignored by previous commentators on Toland. Leslie Stephen saw him as a less than reputable deist whose bestknown work Christianity not Mysterious (1696), was simply an attempt to gain a place in social and literary esteem by boasting of intimacy with Locke, and engrafting his speculations upon Locke's doctrines'.2 Stephen's account is still the one most often repeated, although F. H. Heinemann's articles have attempted a fresh approach to Toland.3 G. R. Cragg in From Puritanism to the Age of Reason concentrates on Toland's attack on revealed religion, but once again the sweep of this book precludes a discussion of the real historical context within which the entire intellectual development of Toland must be seen.4 Perhaps only Paul Hazard's interpretation of this period offers what appears to be the best starting point for an evaluation of Toland's contribution. Hazard saw as crucial the years between 1i68o and 1715 when the relationships between science and religion, natural philosophy and theology underwent startling transformations.5 These subtle and complex shifts occurred in England during a period of extreme political instability.6 Far from coincidental, these political and intellectual instabilities were intimately related. In this period the formulation of political principles rested partially on philosophical and religious convictions, and concomitantly, a political position often determined the attitude taken on what might appear to have been a purely religious problem. The High Church party, for example, based its existence on an essentially religious world-view that saw the Church as in no manner subservient to the state, yet as supported by a truly sovereign monarch.7 Thus the lower clergy of High Church sympathies were led to assert the independence of the Convocation against the teachings of their Low Church bishops and superiors. These so-called latitudinarians, among whom we include Tillotson, Stillingfleet, Tenison, Patrick and Sharp, offered to both Whig and Tory moderates an approach to religious and theological divisions

"The Harmony We Were Famous For": An Interpretation of Pre-Revolutionary South Carolina Politics

Abstract: S OUTH Carolinians have always intuitively felt that their state was different, that its politicians were especially virtuous, that its political system was unusually perfect. However debatable these notions are concerning most of its history, there can be little doubt that during the late colonial period political life in South Carolina closely approximated the prevailing ideal. For South Carolinians, as perhaps for many other Americans, this ideal was largely a product of what J. G. A. Pocock has termed "the country ideology," a body of related ideas which appeared throughout most of the British Empire at different times during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Despite some local variations in its content, the distinctive feature of this ideology in South Carolina was its extraordinary ability to transform the character of politics. To describe the character of this transformation, to account for it, and to suggest some of its implications for later developments is the purpose of this essay.'

Organization Government: The Prospects for a Truly Participative System

Abstract: THE FACT THAT ADMINISTRATIVE organizations are political systems has not been ignored by theorists.' But this commonplace insight is not exploited. Administration deals with governmental issues. It is praised or condemned for how well it handles the allocation question of who gets what, how, why, when, and where in the organizations it governs. This question has economic, sociological, and psychological dimensions. But power is also part of its content, and power must be treated in the political and governmental order, as well as in the other behavioral disciplines. As management thought is surveyed over time, we discover that the major ideologies of administration have reflected obliquely the governmental character of organizational relationships. I say obliquely because the creeds of management have roots elsewhere than in political science. This creates inconsistencies both in theory and application. Administrators are told for example to expect satisfactory outcomes from democratic (participative) management. However, democratic management is currently treated as a psychotherapeutic technique. But if democratic management is anything, it is first a governmental phenomenon. Yet, this obvious notion receives little systematic attention in the literature. I say something about the pitfalls of managerial ideologies in this paper, in keeping, I hope, with the theme of alienation, decentralization, and participation, to which this symposium is devoted. My main objective, however, is to estimate the probability for a system of government in formal organizations which is consistent with democratic values and which

Dance in society: An analysis of the relationship between the social dance and society in England from the Middle Ages to the present day

Abstract: The sociology of culture seeks to locate the world of the arts within the broader context of the institutions and ideology of society. This wide-ranging set covers the sociology of dance, literary taste and cinema. Taking into account also the cultural context of play and child-rearing, this is important reading for students and researchers in Cultural Studies.

The Party in Chinese Communist Ideology

Abstract: As the title indicates, this article deals with the image of the Party in Chinese Communist ideology. Obviously the conception of the Party and its role put forward in theoretical writings cannot be isolated from the reality of the Party, if only because ideology is shaped by practice and serves as a rationalization of practice. But the emphasis here will be on the analysis of statements about the Party, and their evolution over the past three decades.