Showing papers on "Ingenuity published in 1991"

Coping with the Final Tragedy: Cultural Variation in Dying and Grieving

Abstract: This book as a whole emphasizes common concerns shared by all humanity while the volume chapters emphasize various cultural diversities, and the remarkable varieties in the ways that people understood and experience death and grief. The articles in this new text demonstrate these differences and provide insight into human resourcefulness and ingenuity as people cope with death, the final tragedy.

Is Altruism Innate

Abstract: get rid of it. If so, the real issue remains: Why should the begging display, which threatens no harm and stimulates no C-fibers, be aversive? It is unlikely that "socialization" has made it so. What then of the human case? Animal research will not permit direct conclusions about it, true. On the other hand, if we could understand the underlying mechanisms in animal altruism, we might find ourselves asking new and better focused questions about human altruism, its mechanisms, and the sources of these mechanisms. My own guess, for what it is worth, is that the underlying question about human nature will best be illuminated by the analysis of mechanism in simpler cases: in young children and even in animals. To tackle it head on in the adult, socialized human being, as Batson and Shaw have done, is to take on the most complex case imaginable. Their experimental expedition is admirable in its courage and ingenuity, but I cannot be optimistic about its prospects for bringing home convincing answers. Note

The salisbury hand

Abstract: In the early 1980s, mechanical hands were little more than two‐fingered grippers, or quick‐disconnect wrists with different tools for each job. Today, thanks to engineering ingenuity, shrinking components and government funding for space station and other applications, they are becoming much more. One example of such evolving technology is the Salisbury Hand.

The core of aesthetics

Abstract: The core of aesthetics is the study of art: of art in general, and of the general aspects of works of art in particular. If this now seems obvious, it did not seem obvious in the late sixties when Languages of Art was being written and Goodman's formidable philosophy of art was maturing. It is true that there are many things that prepare us for art: our interest in our inner states and the way they manifest themselves; our involvement with nature and the way we project ourselves upon it and it impinges upon us; our curiosity about others and how they see the common world we inhabit; and our delight in human ingenuity, which often seems to please us as much in others as it does in ourselves. I do not think that aesthetics can

Home Care the American Way: An Historical Analysis

Abstract: An historical inquiry, this study examines a 100 year tradition of home-based nursing care in the United States. Whether considering turn of the century origins or contemporary re-emergence, the continuities in organization and delivery of home-based care are apparent and striking. Most remarkable in the American saga of home-based care are our dependence on local definition of perceived need and appropriate response; the amount of individual ingenuity required to obtain care from an often confusing assortment of competitive, duplicative and fragmented home care services; and our reliance on public sentiment and devotion to individual freedom rather than more "rational" planning methods.

The human genome initiative. All our collective ingenuity will be needed.

Abstract: FROM ITS INCEPTION AND SUBSEQUENT DISCLOSURE to the scientific public, the proposal to sequence the human genome has had staunch advocates and vehement detractors. As conceived, the project’s goal was to obtain the sequence of the 3 billion base pairs comprising the human haploid genetic complement. But the debate among scientists and a realistic cost benefit analysis revised the goals of the project in several significant ways. One was to include a moderate resolution map of linked RFLP markers for use in locating disease genes; a second was to obtain a physical map of cloned DNA segments spanning the entire genome. Moreover, it soon became apparent that the sequencing efforts would have to await completion of the first two objectives as well as the development of speedier, more accurate, and far less expensive sequencing technologies. Such a reformulation of the project was inevitable once fine scientific minds abandoned their prejudices and turned to developing a coherent and workable strategy. The revised timetable and early emphasis on obtaining genetic and physical maps will have its most immediate effect on locating and identifying genes responsible for both single and multigenic disorders. Undoubtedly the pace at which genes associated with a variety of diseases will be mapped and isolated will quicken substantially, thereby hastening the day when their structure, function, and disease relevance can be analyzed in molecular terms. Another major modification of the original plan was to increase the number of genomes to be included in the project. Rather than ‘pork barreling: this expansion of the project recognizes the closecorrespondence in geneticstructuresand functions between organisms even distantly related. Furthermore, it is evident that such relatedness will inform and speed the work on the human genome. In addition, the research with yeast, Drosophila, nematode, and mouse genomes provides experimental models with which hypotheses and technologies can be tested without resorting to human experimentation. Despite the revisions in the program’s goals and timetable, the debate about the project’s legitimacy and value lingers and threatens to polarize the constituencies needed for the project’s support. One of the principal reservations concerns the cost and style of the project, particularly the perception that both challenge the traditional mechanisms for supporting investigator-initiated research in broad areas of biology, and even in areas related to but excluded from the genome project. The simplistic view of this challenge is that the genome project represents “Big Science vs. Little Science?’ But aside from the formulation of specific goals by the Genome Project’s Advisory Committee, i.e., creating genetic and physical maps, improving instrumentation and informatics capability, and obtaining genomic nueleotide sequences, the means for achieving those goals remains via research proposals initiated by single or relatively small groups of investigators. The more appropriate concern, it seems to me, is whether the direction of the project will be heavyor lighthanded, i.e., whether the evaluation of research proposals will be too narrowly construed with respect to the ultimate aims of the project. In the long run, however, the early genome mapping studies, the availability of clone banks, the development of rapid and cheaper sequencing and nucleic acid synthesis technologies, and vastly improved informaties will greatly benefit the research activities of all biological scientists.

And the structure is ...

Abstract: An experiment for advanced organic lab students which challenges a student's ingenuity as a determiner of structure.

Completing the hospice organizational model.

Abstract: Hospices must be thought of as still being in their formative stages. We need not be satisfied with staffing arrangements and practices that, largely for reasons of expediency and the lack of other models, were inherited from other healthcare agencies or foisted on us by federal bureaucrats and third party payers. These external demands will be countered and features unique to hospices created only to the extent that all of us are clear about what we most need and want for ourselves as staff. That is how we created the patterns used in working with clients. Now let us use the same ingenuity in fashioning ways of working among ourselves.