Showing papers on "Inherent safety published in 1995"
TL;DR: Self-Explaining Road (SER) is a traffic environment which elicits safe behavior simply by its design which reduces potential errors occurring in traffic by revising the layout of the road environment.
161 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors discuss the importance of a thorough understanding of all of the potential hazards in the process and present tools for evaluating process options and selecting among a group of processes with conflicting inherent safety characteristics.
Abstract: Identification of inherently safer process options is a multi-dimensional problem. Nearly all chemical processes involve a number of processing steps. Associated with each processing step there is usually a number of hazards or hazard types, for example, high pressure, high temperature, acute toxicity, chronic toxicity, fire, explosion. A process which is inherently safer with respect to one of these hazards may be more hazardous with respect to another hazard. Several examples will be discussed, including selection of refrigerants, batch vs. continuous reaction, and solvent selection for a batch exothermic reaction. These examples illustrate the importance of a thorough understanding of all of the potential hazards in the process. Finally, some tools for evaluating process options and selecting among a group of processes with conflicting inherent safety characteristics are discussed.
40 citations
TL;DR: Inherently safer processes represent the most desirable way to manage risk, but other approaches can be used effectively, and the inherently hazardous processes can be operated safely as mentioned in this paper, and the overall benefits of a hazardous technology can justify the use of that technology, with appropriate resources devoted to risk management, as we continue to search for viable inherently safety alternatives.
Abstract: Inherently safer processes represent the most desirable way to manage risk. However, we must not forget that other approaches can be used effectively, and the inherently hazardous processes can be operated safely. The overall benefits of a hazardous technology can justify the use of that technology, with appropriate resources devoted to risk management, as we continue to search for viable inherently safety alternatives.
9 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A block-oriented mathematical model for the primary system of LMFBRs was constructed, and the dynamic simulating results which have been carried out on micro computer are presented for various transients, i.e., TOP, LOFS, LOHS as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: Fast Breeder Reactor will be the next generation reactor for nuclear electricity production, the development of FBR will give the profits of efficient utilization of nuclear resources. The fast reactor safety analysis is the foundation and key of FBR research work. Therefore,a block-oriented mathematical model for the primary system of LMFBRs was constructed, and the dynamic simulating results which have been carried out on micro computer are presented for various transients, i. e. TOP, LOFS, LOHS. The results agree well with the corresponding results of the code NATDEMO and experiment results of EBR- I . Based on previous analysis, various methods are discussed for confirm the inherent safety of LMFBR.
1 citations
31 Dec 1995
TL;DR: The INSIDE Project as mentioned in this paper is a pilot study that assesses the current status of inherent safety in UK Industry. But despite its clear potential safety, health, environmental (SHE) and cost benefits, there have been few attempts to systematically consider or apply inherently safer approaches in process development and plant design.
Abstract: The concept of {open_quote}Inherently Safer{close_quote} plant has been with us now for many years, but despite its clear potential safety, health, environmental (SHE) and cost benefits, there have been few attempts to systematically consider or apply inherently safer approaches in process development and plant design. This is one of the findings of a pilot study commissioned by the United Kingdom (UK) Health and Safety Executive and carried out by AEA Technology to assess the current status of Inherent Safety in UK Industry. This pilot study has now been expanded into a major industry/CEC Industrial Safety co-sponsored project (The INSIDE Project) which is taking an European wide view on the current status of inherently SHE approaches. It will also develop tools for chemists and engineers to use to identify and evaluate safer options and to optimise processes and plant designs accordingly. This paper summarises the findings of the HSE pilot study and describes the results of Phase 1 of the CEC project which have given a valuable insight into the way SHE issues are addressed throughout the process development and design lifecycle and highlighted ways in which these can be improved to encourage the adoption of inherent SHE approaches. The overallmore » framework being used for tool development is described and the early tool ideas and their underlying principles are also discussed. 19 refs., 1 fig., 4 tabs.« less
1 citations