Showing papers on "Intellectual history published in 2002"

The Practice of Conceptual History: Timing History, Spacing Concepts

Abstract: 1 On the Need for Theory in the Discipline of History 2 Social History and Conceptual History 20 3 Introduction to Hayden White's Tropics ofDiscourse 38 4 Transformations of Experience and Methodological Change: A Historical-Anthropological Essay 45 5 The Temporalization of Utopia 84 6 Time and History 100 7 Concepts of Historical Time and Social History 125 8 The Unknown Future and the Art of Prognosis 131 9 Remarks on the Revolutionary Calendar and Neue Zeit 148 10 The Eighteenth Century as the Beginning of Modernity 154 11 On the Anthropological and Semantic Structure of Bildung I70 12 Three biirgerliche Worlds? Preliminary Theoretical-Historical Remarks on the Comparative Semantics of Civil Society in Germany, England, and France 208 13 "Progress" and "Decline": An Appendix to the History of Two Concepts 218 14 Some Questions Regarding the Conceptual History of"Crisis" 236 15 The Limits of Emancipation: A Conceptual-Historical Sketch 248 16 Daumier and Death 265 17 War Memorials: Identity Formations of the Survivors 285 18 Afterword to Charlotte Beradt's The Third Reich of Dreams 327

Cities of tomorrow :an intellectual history of urban planningand design in the twentieth century

Abstract: List of Figures. Preface. Acknowledgements. 1. Cities of Imagination. 2. The City of Dreadful Night. 3. The City of By-Pass Variegated. 4. The City in the Garden. 5. The City in the Region. 6. The City of Monuments. 7. The City of Towers. 8. The City of Sweat Equity. 9. The City on the Highway. 10. The City of Theory. 11. The City of Enterprise. 12. The City of the Permanent Underclass. 13. The City of the Tarnished Belle Epoque. References. A Note on Literature Published Since 1986. Index.

Human resource accounting: a historical perspective and future implications

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview and history of human resource accounting (HRA) with the objective of promoting both continued academic research and organizational applications. The history of HRA illustrates how academic research can generate improvement in management systems. The paper defines HRA and suggests implications of measuring human capital for financial reporting and managerial uses. Recent Swedish‐based HRA applications with respect to measuring human assets and intellectual capital, including the Skandia Navigator, illustrate how intellectual history and developments in business schools can influence business history.

An intellectual history of NUD*IST and NVivo

Abstract: Since the rise of qualitative computing in the mid-1980s, the field of qualitative data analysis has changed in a number of ways, which remarkably have been ignored in the methodological literature, to the detriment of the area's self-understanding. This paper provides for the record an account of the intellectual development of the two qualitative data analysis programs that I have designed, together with Lyn Richards. The theme behind the history is: (1) computing has enabled new, previously unavailable qualitative techniques; (2) some important pre-computer techniques and methods were not supported by computerization of the field, at least until recently; and hence (3) computerization encouraged some biases in qualitative techniques. I hope that this paper will act as a source for a revitalized and up-to-date debate on methods and techniques that recognizes computer use as an agent of change in the field.

A discourse on discourse: an archeological history of an intellectual concept

Abstract: Over the last 30 years, the term discourse has spread throughout both the social sciences and the humanities. There is a widespread consensus that the current usage of the term ‘discourse’ originated with Foucault. This paper has three related goals: first, it demonstrates that the current usage of ‘discourse‘ did not originate with Foucault, and in some ways contradicts his own limited technical usage. Second, an intellectual history is presented that explains where the term originated – in French and British theory of the 1960s and 1970s – and how it was propagated and transformed by Anglo-American cultural studies theorists. By extending this intellectual history through the 1990s, the paper documents how Anglo-American scholars increasingly began to attribute the concept to Foucault, and how this has contributed to two important misreadings of Foucault. In conclusion, this history is drawn upon to explore and clarify several competing usages of the term in contemporary cultural studies.

Context in Context

Abstract: Context is a term that has come into more and more frequent use in the last thirty or forty years in a number of disciplines—among them, anthropology, archaeology, art history, geography, intellectual history, law, linguistics, literary criticism, philosophy, politics, psychology, sociology, and theology. A trawl through the on-line catalogue of the Cambridge University Library in 1999 produced references to 1,453 books published since 1978 with the word context in the title (and 377 more with contexts in the plural). There have been good reasons for this development. The attempt to place ideas, utterances, texts, and other artifacts “in context” has led to many insights. All the same there is a price to be paid, the neglect of other approaches and also the inflation or dilution of the central concept, which is sometimes used—ironically enough, out of context—as an intellectual slogan or shibboleth. To analyze both the present situation and past ones, it is surely necessary to re-place context in its context—or better, in its many contexts, linguistic, literary, ideological, social, psychological, political, cultural, and material. It is also important to ask to whom—or against whom—a given proposition about context was directed (scriptural fundamentalists, for example, believers in eternal wisdom, formalist art historians, enthusiasts for generalization in social science,

Greeks and Barbarians

Abstract: How did the Greeks view foreign peoples? This book considers what the Greeks thought of foreigners and their religions, cultures and politics, and what these beliefs and opinions reveal about the Greeks. The Greeks were occasionally intrigued by the customs and religions of the many different peoples with whom they came into contact; more often they were disdainful or dismissive, tending to regard non-Greeks as at best inferior, and at worst as candidates for conquest and enslavement. Facing up to this less attractive aspect of the classical tradition is vital, Thomas Harrison argues, to seeing both what the ancient world was really like and the full nature of its legacy in the modern. In this book he brings together outstanding European and American scholarship to show the difference and complexity of Greek representations of foreign peoples -- or barbarians, as the Greeks called them -- and how these representations changed over time. The book looks first at the main sources: the Histories of Herodotus, Greek tragedy, and Athenian art. Part II examines how the Greeks distinguished themselves from barbarians through myth, language and religion. Part III considers Greek representations of two different barbarian peoples -- the allegedly decadent and effeminate Persians, and the Egyptians, proverbial for their religious wisdom. In part IV three chapters trace the development of the Greek--barbarian antithesis in later history: in nineteenth-century scholarship, in Byzantine and modern Greece, and in western intellectual history. Of the twelve chapters six are published in English for the first time. The editor has provided an extensive general introduction, as well as introductions to the parts. The book contains two maps, a guide to further reading and an intellectual chronology. All passages of ancient languages are translated, and difficult terms are explained.

A left-handed blow: writing the history of animals.

Abstract: This essay has been reprinted in the five-volume anthology, Animals and Society: Critical Concepts in the Social Sciences, ed., Rhoda Wilkie and David Inglis (London: Routledge, 2006), volume 1, pp.. ISBN 0415371848 This essay steps back from the work on early modern culture and considers the ethical and epistemological implications of writing the history of animals. It takes ideas from other fields of historical inquiry – environmental history, women's history, history from below – and thinks about whether it is possible to write a history of animals. The consideration of ethics and representation in this essay has become a core concern in Animal Studies

The Secret Sins of Economics

Abstract: Deidre N. McCloskey's work in economics calls into question its reputation as "the dismal science". She writes with passion and an unusually wide scope, drawing on literature and intellectual history in exciting, if unorthodox, ways. In this pamphlet, McCloskey reveals what she sees as the secret sins of economics that no one will discuss - two sins that "cripple" economics as a "scientific enterprise".

Southern history across the color line

Abstract: The color line, once all too solid in southern public life, still exists in the study of southern history. As distinguished historian Nell Irvin Painter notes, historians often still write about the South as though people of different races occupied entirely different spheres. In truth, although blacks and whites were expected to remain in their assigned places in the southern social hierarchy throughout the nineteenth and much of the twentieth century, their lives were thoroughly entangled. In this powerful collection, Painter reaches across the color line to examine how race, gender, class, and individual subjectivity shaped the lives of black and white women and men in the nineteenth- and twentieth-century South. Through six essays, she explores such themes as interracial sex, white supremacy, and the physical and psychological violence of slavery, using insights gleaned from psychology and feminist social science as well as social, cultural, and intellectual history. At once pioneering and reflective, the book illustrates both the breadth of Painter's interests and the originality of her intellectual contributions. It will inspire and guide a new generation of historians who take her goal of transcending the color bar as their own.

Patriot Fires: Forging a New American Nationalism in the Civil War North

Abstract: The Civil War is often credited with giving birth to the modern American state. The demands of warfare led to the centralization of business and industry and to an unprecedented expansion of federal power. But the Civil War did more than that: as Melinda Lawson shows, it brought about a change in American national identity, redefining the relationship between the individual and the government. Though much has been written about the Civil War and the making of the political and economic American nation, this is the first comprehensive study of the role that the war played in the shaping of the cultural and ideological nation-state. In Patriot Fires, Lawson explains how, when threatened by the rebellious South, the North came together as a nation and mobilized its populace for war. With no formal government office to rally citizens, the job of defining the war in patriotic terms fell largely to private individuals or association, each with their own motives and methods. Lawson explores how these "interpreters" of the war helped instill in Americans a new understanding of loyalty to country. Through efforts such as sanitary fairs to promote the welfare of soldiers, the war bond drives of Jay Cooke, and the establishment of Union Leagues, Northerners cultivated a new sense of patriotism rooted not just in the subjective American idea, but in existing religious, political, and cultural values. Moreover, Democrats and Republicans, Abolitionists, and Abraham Lincoln created their own understandings of American patriotism and national identity, raising debates over the meaning of the American "idea" to new heights. Examining speeches, pamphlets, pageants, sermons, and assemblies, Lawson shows how citizens and organizations constructed a new kind of nationalism based on a nation of Americans rather than a union of states - a European-styled nationalism grounded in history and tradition and celebrating the preeminence of the nation-state. Original in its insights and innovative in its approach, Patriot Fires is an impressive work of cultural and intellectual history.

Developing new notations for a learnable mathematics in the computational era

Abstract: Not for the first time we are at a turning point in intellectual history. The appearances of new computational forms and literacies are pervading the social and economic lives of individuals and nations alike. Yet nowhere is this upheaval correspondingly represented in educational systems, in classrooms, or in school curricula. As far as mathematics is concerned, the massive changes to mathematics that characterize the late twentieth century—in terms of the way it is done, and what counts as mathematics—are almost invisible in the classrooms of our schools and, to only a slightly lesser extent, our universities.

Indigenous Psychology in the Post- Colonial Context: An Historical Perspective:

Abstract: Many psychologists in India today have accepted the characterisation of India as a "develop ing" country that must emulate the "advanced" countries. This position implies that tech nological advance is the epitome of "progress". As noted by Bury, the "idea of progress" is a product of the intellectual history of Europe. It is not only Eurocentric, but is deeply coloured by Hegel's notions of the irreversible nature of history, and of the inevitable superiority of the European civilisation in the march of history. Hegel's understanding of India was the dialectical opposite of Schopenhauer's rather naive idealisation of ancient Indian culture, and both need a corrective. Influenced by Comtean positivism, presentism, and scientism, most psychologists in India today have developed an amnesia for the long history of the exchange of ideas between India and Europe. In contemporary Western thought, positivism has been declared dead; the idea of perpetual progress through technology is questioned due to the fear o...

“Religion” and Christian Conversionin African History: A New Model

Abstract: This article reviews recent scholarship on African religion and argues that, while much has been accomplished, historians have inherited a problematic view of the processes that they have investigated. They have unknowingly adopted evangelical ideas, in the form of written words and concepts that they wrongly assume have maintained consistent meanings down through the decades. Because missionaries' translations have been taken in this way as accurate guides for understanding what gave rise to them, much of Africa's intellectual history appears religious. The article focuses on the example of tui-qua, a term used by Khoikhoi and translated as God, and suggests a model for understanding evangelism and conversion that does not rely on the supposed ubiquity of religion. It is argued that missionaries used Christian notions to accommodate the falsity of analogous practices, which although often unrelated in their original setting, together became a single entity (religion) as a result.

Late Antiquity and Florentine Platonism: The 'Post-Plotinian' Ficino

Abstract: This chapter addresses the post-Plotinian developments accorded with certain Christian conceptions to Marsilio Ficino. Porphyry edited and organized Plotinus's writings into six sets of nine treatises, the Enneads, through which we know his thought. Essential to his philosophical system is his 'emanationistic' ontology, a system of hypostases which has at the top a transcendent One. The central figure here is the Syrian philosopher Lamblichus, who studied with, then polemicized against, Porphyry. For Platonists metaphysics is often a key to other aspects of their philosophy, and Lamblichus is no exception. His vision of the ontological hypostases gives us a clue to this. For his vision, in contrast to the 'telescoped' view offered by Porphyry, is much more 'stepped', so to speak. In De vita , Ficino's approach is conditioned by the Lamblichan and post-Lamblichan concern for manipulating the universe by using rituals and objects. Keywords: emanationistic ontology; Florentine Platonism; Lamblichus; Marsilio Ficino; Platonists metaphysics

The Descent of Ideas: The History of Intellectual History

Abstract: The 'history of ideas', better known these days as intellectual history, is a flourishing field of study which has been the object of much controversy but hardly any historical exploration. This major new work from Donald R. Kelley is the first comprehensive history of intellectual history, tracing the study of the history of thought from ancient, medieval and early modern times, its emergence as the 'history of ideas' in the 18th century, and its subsequent expansion. The point of departure for this study is the perspective opened up by Victor Cousin in the early 19th-century on 'Eclecticism' and its association with the history of philosophy established by Renaissance scholars. Kelley considers a broad range of topics, including the rivalry between 'ideas' and language, the rise of cultural history, the contributions of certain 19th- and 20th-century practitioners of the history of ideas in interdisciplinary areas of philosophy, literature and the sciences, and finally the current state of intellectual history. The central theme of the book is the interplay between the canon of philosophical thought and the tradition of language and textual study, the divergence of the latter marking the 'descent of ideas' into the realm of cultural history.

China, Transnational Visuality, Global Postmodernity

Abstract: This ambitious work offers a comprehensive mapping of the cultural landscape of China in the late twentieth century. By focusing on Chinese cultural formations and critical discourses of the last decade of the century, the book dissects the intellectual, economic, and political contradictions of a turbulent era-post-cold war, postsocialist, and postmodern-in China's history. The author defines the emergent logic of Chinese postmodernity within a dominant system of global capitalism and points to the central role of the transnational flow of visual culture in the establishment of local and national identity. The Chinese case demonstrates that the old conceptual scheme of Euro-American postmodernism versus Third World national culture is no longer feasible. This wide-ranging, deeply interdisciplinary work demarcates the cultural terrain by examining diverse media: film, television, avant-garde art, and literature, as well as critical theory and intellectual history. Part I reviews the raging critical debates about the public sphere, the academy, intellectual identity, cultural politics, and economic globalization, in the process examining the Chinese appropriation of discourses of modernity, postmodernity, and postcoloniality. Part II investigates the impact of globalization and diaspora on the formation of citizenship and nationality as articulated in mainland Chinese and Hong Kong films. Part III probes issues of post-orientalism, postmodernism, and strategies of representation in contemporary Chinese art. Part IV studies pop music, soap opera, and literary bestsellers, pinpointing the dialectic and mediating function of popular culture amid the forces of official socialist ideology, capitalist commodification, mass entertainment, and transnational images in contemporary China. Overall, the book is an insightful analysis of the ironies of the cultural logic of Chinese socialism in a period that has seen accelerated economic integration into the capitalist world system, but without major political change.

The Modern Construction of Myth

Abstract: The Modern Construction of Myth. By Andrew Von Hendy. (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2002. Pp. xvii + 386, acknowledgments, introduction, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 cloth) This is a large, sophisticated study of currents in theory of myth from the eighteenth century onward, bringing together works from a number of disciplines and reminding the reader how broad-spread academic interest in myth is (spanning literature, social sciences, classics, philosophy, and semiotics, among others). Although Von Hendy's work is a gangling thing, it will reward those who persist-especially, perhaps, scholars who are versed in some strands of myth theory but not others. Because the syntheses offered are so abstract, it will likely be less useful as an introduction to myth theory. The body of the work deals with four concepts of myth (each actually a tangle of strands held together by a dominant impetus); in briefest terms these are the romantic (myth as a realm of timeless, transcendental values), the ideological (myth as a widespread lie), the constitutive (myth as a necessary but fictive foundational belief), and the folkloristic (myth as a genre dealing with collective concerns in small-scale, oral societies). The four foci work effectively for laying a base as well as for exploring connections with recent figures who are difficult to classify (e.g., Roland Barthes, Leszek Kolakowski, Hans Blumenberg). At his best moments Von Hendy is full of subtle, synthetic insights about inheritances and intersections among myth theorists, although some long stretches are mainly summaries of books by mythologists (e.g., the treatment of Erich Neumann). Considering its level of abstraction, the work remains generally intelligible. Exceptions occur in the treatment of the romantics and neo-romantics such as Cassirer. Von Hendy's writing seems to shift, chameleon-like, to emulate the particular thinker he is discussing at a given moment. While this is an interesting and at times helpful trait, in the context of the (shall we say) luminescent vagueness of the romantics and neo-romantics it gives rise to moments of second-order luminescent vagueness. Von Hendy's is an "intellectual history" which rarely steps outside the world of ideas to directly consider issues of social and political context-this despite the fact that Von Hendy seems to relish the sociopolitical contextualizing brought to the study of myth by the folkloristic mythologists. While some will regard the lack of contextualizing as a major flaw, it might also be seen as self-imposed limitation-one whose motivation in this case I applaud. Specifically, Von Hendy is responding to what he sees as a lack of historical self-knowledge among myth theorists. …

What is Intellectual History Now

Abstract: It is always difficult to explain what one does for a living; still more so when one is asked in so crisp a manner, and with such apparent expectation of definitive response, as in the question ‘What is intellectual history now?’ I cannot hope to be comprehensive, and my answer will necessarily reflect my own particular specialism and interests. However, I shall attempt to be at least articulate in my reply; and I shall begin by saying that the question seems to me to involve in fact two questions: one, ‘What is intellectual history now?’ (as opposed to then); and two, ‘What is intellectual history now?’ (as opposed to any other kind of history). As we shall see, these two questions cannot be disentangled; for the very same history of intellectual history over the past few decades which has seen such a reinvigoration of the field has at the same time brought into question the distinctive boundaries of that field.

Political History as Women's History: Toward a More Inclusive Curriculum.

Abstract: The secondary school history curriculum, with its emphasis on political history, tends to relegate women to the margins or to interpret their accomplishments according to a patriarchal framework. The author argues that by adapting theoretical developments in the field of women's history, women can be seen as political agents in history, thereby bringing about a more inclusive history in the schools that meets women on their own terms. Using the phase model designed by historians of women and educational researchers, the author shows how existing curriculum and educational research favors political history that either excludes women or overemphasizes the importance of the suffrage movement. Then, using the example of women's clubs and associations prior to the Nineteenth Amendment, she demonstrates how women's political activism influenced public education. Viewing women as political beings who were not merely limited to a private sphere, she argues, will advance the agenda of women's history in t...

The Intellectual Origins of the Establishment Clause

Abstract: For decades, scholars have debated the Framers' intentions in adopting the Establishment Clause. In this Article, Professor Noah Feldman gives an account of the intellectual origins of the Establishment Clause and analyzes the ideas that drove the debates over church and state in eighteenth-century America. The literature on the history of the Establishment Clause has categorized discrete strands of eighteenth-century American thought on church-state relations, divided by distinct motives and ideologies. Feldman argues that this is a mischaracterization and proposes instead that a common, central purpose motivated the Framers to enact the Establishment Clause-the purpose of protecting the Lockean value of liberty of conscience. Feldman begins by providing an archeology of the idea of liberty of conscience, from Luther and Calvin to Locke. He then presents his account and analysis of the intellectual origins of the Establishment Clause in eighteenth-century American thought. He concludes with observations on the utility of intellectual history in constitutional analysis.

An Intellectual History of Modern China

Abstract: 1. Intellectual change 2. Themes in intellectual history 3. Literary trends: the quest for modernity 4. Literary trends: the road to revolution 5. Mao Tse-tung's thought to 1949 6. The party and the intellectuals 7. Mao Tse-tung's thought from 1949-76 8. An intellectual history of the Deng era.

Imagining El Ser Argentino : Cultural Nationalism and Romantic Concepts of Nationhood In Early Twentieth-Century Argentina

Abstract: This article reexamines early twentieth-century Argentine cultural nationalism, arguing that the movement's true significance rests in its promotion of a vision of Argentine nationhood that closely resembled the ideal of the folk nation upheld by German romanticism. Drawing from recent theoretical literature on ethnic nationalism, the article examines the political implications of this movement and explores the way in which the vigorous promotion of the ethnocultural vision of argentinidad by cultural nationalists served to detach definitions of Argentine identity from constitutional foundations and from the ideas of citizenship and popular sovereignty. It also challenges the accepted view that Argentine cultural nationalism represented a radical break with late nineteenth-century positivism. Positivist ideas about social organicism, collective character and historical determinism all helped paved the way for the Romantic vision of nationhood celebrated by the cultural nationalists. The early twentieth-century has long been considered a turning point in Argentine intellectual history. As is well known, these years witnessed the emergence of an intellectual and cultural movement opposed to what its proponents saw as the excessive cosmopolitanism of Argentine society. The cultural nationalists, as they have since become known, formed a loosely drawn group of young intellectuals based in Buenos Aires. Primarily from prominent provincial families, these individuals shared a belief that foreign influences and the growing immigrant population posed a threat to the nation.1 Convinced that the Argentine 'personality' was on the verge of disappearing, they called for the defence of the

Confronting the Veil: Abram Harris Jr., E. Franklin Frazier, and Ralph Bunche, 1919-1941

Abstract: In this book, Jonathan Holloway explores the early lives and careers of economist Abram Harris Jr., sociologist E. Franklin Frazier, and political scientist Ralph Bunche - three black scholars who taught at Howard University during the New Deal and, together, formed the leading edge of American social science radicalism. Harris, Frazier, and Bunche represented the vanguard of the young black radical intellectual-activists who dared to criticize the NAACP for its cautious civil rights agenda and saw in the turmoil of the depression a chance to advocate class-based solutions to what were commonly considered racial problems. Despite the broader approach they called for, both their advocates and their detractors had difficulty seeing them as anything but "black intellectuals" speaking on "black issues." A social and intellectual history of the trio, of Howard University, and of black Washington, the book investigates the effects of racialized thinking on those who wanted to think "beyond race" - who envisioned a workers' movement that would eliminate racial divisiveness and who used social science to demonstrate the ways in which race is constructed by social phenomena. Ultimately, the book sheds new light on how people have used race to constrain the possibilities of radical politics and social science thinking.

Voices of the Poor in Africa

Abstract: "Isichei's fine book points the way to further integration between anthropology and history, providing a rich example of the means by which scholars can investigate popular consciousness by taking seriously the world of symbolic meaning." - "Intl. J of African Historical Studies" Vol 36 No 2 (2003). Elizabeth Isichei explores the Atlantic slave trade, as reflected in the poetics of rumour and the poetics of memory - an approach different from the quantitative and demographic studies which have transformed the subject over the past twenty years. She brings together a wide range of disciplines - anthropology, fiction, art and art history, philosophy, and contemporary literary theory - to look at the intellectual history of Africa, from African rather than European premisses. The result is a history of popular consciousness which shows the experiences of ordinary people, often in protest at their exploitation by generation after generation of powerful foreigners and locals. Elizabeth Isichei is Professor of Religious Studies, Otago University, Dunedin, New Zealand, and author of over a dozen books on African history and political thought.