Showing papers on "Klebsiella pneumoniae published in 1975"
TL;DR: K. pneumoniae is molecularly more heterogeneous than previously thought and most isolates of human, pulp mill, and river origin are genetically indistinguishable and should be considered of public health significance.
Abstract: The phenotypic and nucleic acid properties of Klebsiella pneumoniae have been studied on cultures obtained from six different habitats (humans, vegetables, seeds, trees, rivers, and pulp mills). The 19 cultural reactions of 107 isolates varied significantly only in tryptophanase activity and dulcitol fermentation. The percentage of guanine plus cytosine base composition of 41 isolates varied from 53.9 to 59.2%. The range of percentage of guanine plus cytosine base composition for environmental klebsiellas was broader than that for the cultures of human origin. The range of deoxyribonucleic acid relative reassociation (homology) to the human K. pneumoniae reference strain extended from 5% to 100% and the chromosome molecular weights ranged from 2,200 x 10(6) to 3,000 x 10(6). The species of K. pneumoniae is thus molecularly more heterogeneous than previously thought and most isolates of human, pulp mill, and river origin are genetically indistinguishable. The presence of K. pneumoniae therefore represents a deterioration of the microbiological quality of the environment and should be considered of public health significance. At the present time the health significance of the molecularly more divergent strains, primarily of vegetable and seed origin, their relationship to klebsiellas of human origin, or to other genera of the Enterobacteriaceae is unclear.
121 citations
TL;DR: In this article, selected mutant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae that are unable to fix nitrogen have been characterized according to nitrogenase component activity as well as antigenic cross-reacting material.
Abstract: Selected mutant strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae that are unable to fix nitrogen have been characterized according to nitrogenase component activity as well as antigenic cross-reacting material. The lesions in these strains have been mapped by transduction, and the results indicate that there are at least five genes specifically responsible for nitrogen fixation in vivo. Besides genes that specify the structure of the two nitrogenase components, there is a gene for a factor that is required for component I activity and a gene that codes for a factor possibly involved in electron transport to component II. A mutation in another site does not allow the organism to produce either of the nitrogenase components. All of these genes are co-transducible with the gene that specifics the structure of histidinol dehydrogenase.
81 citations
TL;DR: Determinations of viable bacteria in the blood and lungs revealed that aerosolized kanamycin was most effective when infection was confined to the lungs, however, aerosol therapy was still more effective than intramuscular therapy, but only one-half the infected mice survived.
Abstract: Aerosols of kanamycin resulted in greater survival of mice challenged with respiratory Klebsiella pneumoniae than the same dosage given intramuscularly. Determinations of viable bacteria in the blood and lungs revealed that aerosolized kanamycin was most effective when infection was confined to the lungs. After the organisms had spread to other areas, however, aerosol therapy was still more effective than intramuscular therapy, but only one-half the infected mice survived.
36 citations
TL;DR: The 2-nitroimidazoles Ro-71051 and Ro-5-9963 increased the mutation rate of a Klebsiella pneumoniae mutant to streptomycin-resistance including streptomecin-dependence in Luria and Delbruck's fluctuation test in concentrations of 0.05-1 mM and 0.02-0.2 mM respectively.
Abstract: The 2-nitroimidazoles Ro-71051 (N-benzyl-2-nitro-1-imidazole-acetamide) and Ro-5-9963 (3(2-nitro-1-imidazolyl)-1,2-propanediol) increased the mutation rate of a Klebsiella pneumoniae mutant to streptomycin-resistance including streptomycin-dependence in Luria and Delbruck's fluctuation test in concentrations of 0.05-1 mM and 0.02-0.2 mM respectively. The 2-nitroimidazole, azomycin, (Ro-5-9129/001) failed to increase the mutation rate. The results are compared to those obtained with the 5-nitroimidazoles methronidazoles metronidazole, nimorazole and dimetridazole, which caused a degree of increase similar to Ro-7-1051 and Ro-59963.
25 citations
TL;DR: The occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in surface waters was not found to be ubiquitous and the fecal coliform to fecal streptococci ratio suggest that its origin could be human, animal, or mixed sources.
Abstract: The occurrence of Klebsiella pneumoniae in surface waters was not found to be ubiquitous. When it was isolated, Escherichia coli could also be found. The fecal coliform to fecal streptococci ratio suggest that its origin could be human animal, or mixed sources.
24 citations
TL;DR: Cell-free broth filtrates of a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 retained their capacity to induce fluid secretion in the rabbit ileal loop model after heating, acid treatment, and dialysis through viscose tubing, indicating that the molecular weight of the enterotoxin is in the range of 1,000-10,000.
Abstract: Cell-free broth filtrates of a strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype 5 retained their capacity to induce fluid secretion in the rabbit ileal loop model after heating (100 C for 30 min), acid treatment (pH 4.4), and dialysis through viscose tubing. Sequential passage of an acetone precipitate of the broth filtrate through Diaflo membranes yielded an active fraction in the UM 2, but not the UM 10, retentate; this observation indicates that the molecular weight of the enterotoxin is in the range of 1,000-10,000. Klebsiella pneumoniae enterotoxin thus resembles the heat-stable enterotoxin of Escherichia coli in a number of respects.
20 citations
TL;DR: Serological evidence of infection with H. influenzae was found in 38 of 57 patients with acute exacerbations, and Str.
Abstract: Agglutinin titres to Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Proteus vulgaris in the serum of patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, patients producing mucoid sputum, and healthy controls were determined. Serological evidence of infection with H. influenzae was found in 38 of 57 patients with acute exacerbations, and Str. pneumoniae infection in 10 of the 57 patients, but was generally absent from healthy control subjects and from patiens producing mucoid sputum. No serological evidence of infection with other organisms named above was found to be associated with exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. Ten patients with acute exacerbations were without serological evidence of infection by any of the bacteria tested.
18 citations
TL;DR: Three selective media for differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Enterobacter aerogenes on the basis of colonial morphology were evaluated and showed K. pneumoniae produced larger, smoother colonies than other bacteria tested.
Abstract: Three selective media for differentiation of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Enterobacter aerogenes on the basis of colonial morphology were evaluated. Using methyl violet 2B as a selective agent, strains of K. pneumoniae isolated from urine, fresh water, and fresh produce were tested against other members of Enterobacteriaceae in addition to strains of Aeromonas hydrophila and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Comparison of colonial morphology showed K. pneumoniae produced larger, smoother colonies than other bacteria tested. These media were developed to aid in presumptive separation of K. pneumoniae from E. aerogenes in the monitoring of bacterial quality of water.
13 citations
TL;DR: Blumberg, W. E. & Peisach, J. W. (1974) Arch.
Abstract: Blumberg, W. E. & Peisach, J. (1974) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 162,502-512 Cammack, R. (1973) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 54,548-554 Cammack, R., Rao, K. K. & Hall, D. 0. (1971) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 44,s-14 Coffman, R. E. & Stavens, B. W. (1970) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 41,163-169 Fee, J. A. & Palmer, G. (1971) Biochim. Biophys. Actu 249,175-195 Genonde, Ic, Schlaak, M. E., Brietenbach, M., Parak, F., Eicher, H., Zgorzalla, W., Kalvius,
10 citations
TL;DR: The R factor, R144 drd 3, mobilized chromosomal genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strain M5a1 at similar frequencies to those observed for this R factor in Escherichia coli K12, but determinants for drug resistance, colicinogeny and superinfection immunity were retained.
Abstract: The R factor, R144 drd 3, mobilized chromosomal genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae strain M5a1 at similar frequencies to those observed for this R factor in Escherichia coli K12. In a derivative K. pneumoniae donor, strain HF3, R144 persisted in the autonomous state but now gave rise to polarized transfer of the chromosome in the order O his … arg 2… leu … trp . R144 drd 3 was unstable in K. pneumoniae M5a1; after successive subculture drug resistance, colicinogeny and transmissibility were lost. In strain HF3, transmissibility was preferentially lost, but determinants for drug resistance, colicinogeny and superinfection immunity were retained; 10–11 copies per chromosome of R144 were present in log phase cultures of both strains.
9 citations
TL;DR: This organism joins Streptococcus pyogenes, bacteroids species, anaerobic streptococci and Escherichia coli as a cause of slight pneumonia with extensive empyema with resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin and sensitive to cephalothin.
TL;DR: A search among temperature- resistant, acridine orange-curing-resistant, or galactose-resistant derivatives of the K. pneumoniae donor strain failed to reveal any chromosome transfer, and it was suggested that recipient bacteria have specific sites for interaction with the F-pilus tip; these are present in E. Coli C, leading to high transfer efficiency, whereas they may not be present (or if present, are not accessible).
Abstract: Episome F' ts114 lac+, his+ (F42-400) was transferred from Salmonella typhimurium to Klebsiella pneumoniae From the progeny, a strain of K pneumoniae able to retransfer the episome was obtained The His+ phenotype in this strain is temperature sensitive Escherichia coli female-specific phages phiII, W31, and T3 were shown to plate on K pneumoniae From phiII we obtained two derivatives; phiIIK, which plates only on K pneumoniae, and phiIIE, which plates only on E coli Growth of phages T3 and phiIIK was inhibited by F42-400 in K pneumoniae Growth in presence of acridine orange in a defined medium at 40 C resulted in a high level of curing The frequency of His+ cells after growth in acridine orange at 40 C was 0001% An extensive search to detect chromosome mobilization by F42-400 in K pneumoniae, under different experimental conditions, was negative We cannot exclude the possibility that the low transfer efficiencies prevented our detection of chromosome mobilization A search among temperature-resistant, acridine orange-curing-resistant, or galactose-resistant derivatives of the K pneumoniae donor strain failed to reveal any chromosome transfer Our failure to detect Hfr's may be a result of: (i) the peculiarity of episome F42-400, (ii) the peculiarity of K pneumoniae chromosome, or (iii) low transfer efficiency K pneumoniae-modified F42-400 and phage 424 were restricted by E Coli K-12 E coli K-12-modified episome F42-400 and phage 424 were restricted by K pneumoniae E coli C failed to restrict F42-400 modified with K pneumoniae specificity The ability of K pneumoniae to accept F42-400 is less, by about a factor of 50, than that of E coli C As an explanation for the differences in the behavior of E coli C and K pneumoniae in ability to receive F42-400 it was suggested that recipient bacteria have specific sites for interaction with the F-pilus tip; these are present in E Coli C, leading to high transfer efficiency, whereas they may not be present (or if present, are not accessible) in K pneumoniae, leading to low transfer efficiency
Journal Article•
TL;DR: Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage were examined for their resistance spectra and for the presence of R factors, and Infectious drug resistance was demonstrated in 104 of the 130 strains tested.
Abstract: Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage were examined for their resistance spectra and for the presence of R factors. Infectious drug resistance was demonstrated in 104 (80%) of the 130 strains tested. Resistance to chloramphenicol, kanamycin or tetracycline was usually R factor-determined. Resistance to gentamicin was not encountered in this species.
TL;DR: Injected ornithine restored blood ammonia to nearly normal levels and extended survival in mice and indicated that most of the increase in ammonia arose from the gut, presumably due to greater availability of urea and ureolysis.
Abstract: Lethal infections by Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae were compared for kidney-related effects in mice. K. pneumoniae caused uremia and an increase in blood ammonia that could reach 2.5 times normal. These events did not occur in mice inoculated with S. aureus. Use of germfree animals indicated that most of the increase in ammonia arose from the gut, presumably due to greater availability of urea and ureolysis. Injected ornithine restored blood ammonia to nearly normal levels and extended survival.
01 Jan 1975
Journal Article•
TL;DR: A streptomycin-resistant strain of K. pneumoniae obtained after mutation in vitro was found to be less virulent than the sensitive strain in mice, but a single injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) administered 24 hours before challenge increased the host's resistance to both strains.
Abstract: A streptomycin-resistant strain of K. pneumoniae obtained after mutation in vitro was found to be less virulent than the sensitive strain in mice. However, a single injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) administered 24 hours before challenge increased the host's resistance to both strains. In contrast, the virulence was not changed in K. pneumoniae accepting R-factors for ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and sulphonamide. The plasmids were transferred to K. pneumoniae from two strains of Escherichia coli possessing different R-factors with the same resistance pattern. As in the first case, mice pretreated by endotoxin were protected against a challenge by microorganisms carrying R-factors. The capacity of the stimulated host to destory resistant or sensitive organisms was of the same order. Klebsiella recovered 5 or 24 hours after infection from the blood, liver and spleen did not lost their antibiotic-resistance. In this study, BCG and Corynebacterium granulosum were also used. Like LPS, these two immunostimulants protected very effectively mice infected with K. pneumoniae rendered resistant to antibiotics by R-factor transfer.