Institution
United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases
Facility•Frederick, Maryland, United States•
About: United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases is a facility organization based out in Frederick, Maryland, United States. It is known for research contribution in the topics: Virus & Ebola virus. The organization has 1571 authors who have published 1723 publications receiving 95905 citations. The organization is also known as: USAMRIID & U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases.
Topics: Virus, Ebola virus, Bacillus anthracis, Vaccination, Immune system
Papers published on a yearly basis
Papers
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TL;DR: People potentially exposed to botulinum toxin should be closely observed, and those with signs of botulism require prompt treatment with antitoxin and supportive care that may include assisted ventilation for weeks or months.
Abstract: ObjectiveThe Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based
recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals
if botulinum toxin is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population.ParticipantsThe working group included 23 representatives from academic, government,
and private institutions with expertise in public health, emergency management,
and clinical medicine.EvidenceThe primary authors (S.S.A. and R.S.) searched OLDMEDLINE and MEDLINE
(1960–March 1999) and their professional collections for literature
concerning use of botulinum toxin as a bioweapon. The literature was reviewed,
and opinions were sought from the working group and other experts on diagnosis
and management of botulism. Additional MEDLINE searches were conducted through
April 2000 during the review and revisions of the consensus statement.Consensus ProcessThe first draft of the working group's consensus statement was a synthesis
of information obtained in the formal evidence-gathering process. The working
group convened to review the first draft in May 1999. Working group members
reviewed subsequent drafts and suggested additional revisions. The final statement
incorporates all relevant evidence obtained in the literature search in conjunction
with final consensus recommendations supported by all working group members.ConclusionsAn aerosolized or foodborne botulinum toxin weapon would cause acute
symmetric, descending flaccid paralysis with prominent bulbar palsies such
as diplopia, dysarthria, dysphonia, and dysphagia that would typically present
12 to 72 hours after exposure. Effective response to a deliberate release
of botulinum toxin will depend on timely clinical diagnosis, case reporting,
and epidemiological investigation. Persons potentially exposed to botulinum
toxin should be closely observed, and those with signs of botulism require
prompt treatment with antitoxin and supportive care that may include assisted
ventilation for weeks or months. Treatment with antitoxin should not be delayed
for microbiological testing.
1,659 citations
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TL;DR: In this paper, the Working Group onCivilian Biodefense has proposed a set of guidelines for the use of bio-medical data for defense against cyber-attacks against the US government.
Abstract: Donald A. Henderson, MD, MPHThomas V. Inglesby, MDJohn G. Bartlett, MDMichael S. Ascher, MDEdward Eitzen, MD, MPHPeter B. Jahrling, PhDJerome Hauer, MPHMarcelle Layton, MDJoseph McDade, PhDMichael T. Osterholm, PhD, MPHTara O’Toole, MD, MPHGerald Parker, PhD, DVMTrish Perl, MD, MScPhilip K. Russell, MDKevin Tonat, PhDfor the Working Group onCivilian Biodefense
1,514 citations
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Centers for Disease Control and Prevention1, Pasteur Institute2, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases3, University of Queensland4, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service5, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development6, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation7, Wildlife Conservation Society8
TL;DR: In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area.
Abstract: In late summer 1999, an outbreak of human encephalitis occurred in the northeastern United States that was concurrent with extensive mortality in crows (Corvus species) as well as the deaths of several exotic birds at a zoological park in the same area. Complete genome sequencing of a flavivirus isolated from the brain of a dead Chilean flamingo (Phoenicopterus chilensis), together with partial sequence analysis of envelope glycoprotein (E-glycoprotein) genes amplified from several other species including mosquitoes and two fatal human cases, revealed that West Nile (WN) virus circulated in natural transmission cycles and was responsible for the human disease. Antigenic mapping with E-glycoprotein-specific monoclonal antibodies and E-glycoprotein phylogenetic analysis confirmed these viruses as WN. This North American WN virus was most closely related to a WN virus isolated from a dead goose in Israel in 1998.
1,423 citations
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TL;DR: The Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population.
Abstract: ObjectiveThe Working Group on Civilian Biodefense has developed consensus-based
recommendations for measures to be taken by medical and public health professionals
if tularemia is used as a biological weapon against a civilian population.ParticipantsThe working group included 25 representatives from academic medical
centers, civilian and military governmental agencies, and other public health
and emergency management institutions and agencies.EvidenceMEDLINE databases were searched from January 1966 to October 2000, using
the Medical Subject Headings Francisella tularensis, Pasteurella tularensis, biological weapon, biological terrorism, bioterrorism, biological warfare, and biowarfare. Review of these references led to identification
of relevant materials published prior to 1966. In addition, participants identified
other references and sources.Consensus ProcessThree formal drafts of the statement that synthesized information obtained
in the formal evidence-gathering process were reviewed by members of the working
group. Consensus was achieved on the final draft.ConclusionsA weapon using airborne tularemia would likely result 3 to 5 days later
in an outbreak of acute, undifferentiated febrile illness with incipient pneumonia,
pleuritis, and hilar lymphadenopathy. Specific epidemiological, clinical,
and microbiological findings should lead to early suspicion of intentional
tularemia in an alert health system; laboratory confirmation of agent could
be delayed. Without treatment, the clinical course could progress to respiratory
failure, shock, and death. Prompt treatment with streptomycin, gentamicin,
doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin is recommended. Prophylactic use of doxycycline
or ciprofloxacin may be useful in the early postexposure period.
1,297 citations
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TL;DR: These results show the first substantive post-exposure protection by a small-molecule antiviral compound against EBOV in nonhuman primates, and the broad-spectrum antiviral activity of GS-5734 in vitro against other pathogenic RNA viruses, including filoviruses, arenavirus, and coronavirus suggests the potential for wider medical use.
Abstract: The most recent Ebola virus outbreak in West Africa, which was unprecedented in the number of cases and fatalities, geographic distribution, and number of nations affected, highlights the need for safe, effective, and readily available antiviral agents for treatment and prevention of acute Ebola virus (EBOV) disease (EVD) or sequelae. No antiviral therapeutics have yet received regulatory approval or demonstrated clinical efficacy. Here we report the discovery of a novel small molecule GS-5734, a monophosphoramidate prodrug of an adenosine analogue, with antiviral activity against EBOV. GS-5734 exhibits antiviral activity against multiple variants of EBOV and other filoviruses in cell-based assays. The pharmacologically active nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) is efficiently formed in multiple human cell types incubated with GS-5734 in vitro, and the NTP acts as an alternative substrate and RNA-chain terminator in primer-extension assays using a surrogate respiratory syncytial virus RNA polymerase. Intravenous administration of GS-5734 to nonhuman primates resulted in persistent NTP levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (half-life, 14 h) and distribution to sanctuary sites for viral replication including testes, eyes, and brain. In a rhesus monkey model of EVD, once-daily intravenous administration of 10 mg kg(-1) GS-5734 for 12 days resulted in profound suppression of EBOV replication and protected 100% of EBOV-infected animals against lethal disease, ameliorating clinical disease signs and pathophysiological markers, even when treatments were initiated three days after virus exposure when systemic viral RNA was detected in two out of six treated animals. These results show the first substantive post-exposure protection by a small-molecule antiviral compound against EBOV in nonhuman primates. The broad-spectrum antiviral activity of GS-5734 in vitro against other pathogenic RNA viruses, including filoviruses, arenaviruses, and coronaviruses, suggests the potential for wider medical use. GS-5734 is amenable to large-scale manufacturing, and clinical studies investigating the drug safety and pharmacokinetics are ongoing.
1,216 citations
Authors
Showing all 1577 results
Name | H-index | Papers | Citations |
---|---|---|---|
Mark E. Cooper | 158 | 1463 | 124887 |
Thomas J. Smith | 140 | 1775 | 113919 |
Daniel G. Anderson | 121 | 520 | 59724 |
John J. Mekalanos | 118 | 372 | 49816 |
Thomas G. Ksiazek | 113 | 398 | 46108 |
Pierre E. Rollin | 102 | 311 | 39319 |
Donald S. Burke | 89 | 367 | 33846 |
Stephen H. Leppla | 84 | 325 | 21826 |
Thomas W. Geisbert | 82 | 257 | 21891 |
Richard W. Titball | 79 | 410 | 22484 |
Michael W. Parker | 78 | 473 | 22631 |
Jonathan D. Smith | 76 | 217 | 27866 |
James E. Childs | 76 | 274 | 19704 |
Lisa E. Hensley | 74 | 242 | 18861 |
Clarence J. Peters | 70 | 115 | 13753 |