Showing papers on "Mental health published in 1968"
TL;DR: This paper proposes that evaluation be done in the framework of goals a and b, by setting up, before treatment, a measurable scale for each patient-therapist goal, and specifying a transformation of his overall goal attainment into a standardized T-score.
Abstract: A mental health enterprise may be described by either (a) rather general philosophical total mental health goals, or (b) highly diverse and individualized patient-therapist goals. Goals a. have not provided a workable framework for program evaluation. This paper proposes that evaluation be done in the framework of goals b. by setting up, before treatment, a measurable scale for each patient-therapist goal, and specifying, for each patient, a transformation of his overall goal attainment into a standardized T-score. This method, together with random assignment of patients to treatment modes, was devised to permit comparison of treatment modes within a program, but it also provides a good basis for a judgmental evaluation of the total program.
1,611 citations
Book•
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: Theoretical concepts and Definitional issues of career development have been discussed in this paper, with a focus on the career development of women and ethnic and racial issues in career development.
Abstract: Preface. Introduction. 1. History of Career Development. 2. Occupational Classification Systems. 3. Theoretical Concepts and Definitional Issues. 4. Holland's Theory of Careers and Environments. 5. Developmental Theories of Careers. 6. Social Learning Approaches to Career Development. 7. The Theory of Work Adjustment. 8. Needs, Values, and Mental Health. 9. Social Systems Approaches to Careers. 10. The Career Development of Women. 11. Ethnic and Racial Issues in Career Development. 12. Applications. 13. Comparisons of the Theories. 14. Perspectives on Career Theory.
782 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the prevalence of health deterioration following conjugal bereavement in the population of widows and widowers, and found that the most likely to suffer untoward physical and/or psychological consequences following the death of a spouse.
265 citations
TL;DR: A large number of studies have been published on the use of chlorpromazine with chronic schizophrenic patients, and this study is likely to be the first of its kind to compare and contrast the effects of different doses of the drug on the same patient.
Abstract: THIS STUDY on the efficacy of high dose chlorpromazine treatment in chronic schizophrenia was developed under the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) psychopharmacology program during 1964 and was initiated in seven collaborating public mental hospitals early in 1965. The hospitals participating in this study were Boston State Hospital, Boston; Broughton State Hospital, Morganton, NC; Dorothea Dix State Hospital, Raleigh, NC; Kentucky State Hospital, Danville, Ky; Manhattan State Hospital, New York; St. Louis State Hospital, St. Louis; and Springfield State Hospital, Sykesville, Md. These hospitals were selected to represent the entire urbanrural continum. Three hospitals admitted patients exclusively from large urban centers, two hospitals served areas which included both urban and rural communities, and two hospitals served areas which were almost exclusively rural. Background During the past 13 years, a large number of studies have been published on the use of chlorpromazine with chronic schizophrenic
127 citations
01 Jan 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the revolution of hope toward a humanized technology is one of the literary work in this world in suitable to be reading material. And the book is very appropriate for you.
Abstract: Now, we come to offer you the right catalogues of book to open. the revolution of hope toward a humanized technology is one of the literary work in this world in suitable to be reading material. That's not only this book gives reference, but also it will show you the amazing benefits of reading a book. Developing your countless minds is needed; moreover you are kind of people with great curiosity. So, the book is very appropriate for you.
113 citations
TL;DR: Comparison between this situation and concurrent choice situations raises the possibility that the power-law relation between ratios may be a more general law of choice than the matching of relative frequencies (probabilities).
Abstract: Research supported by Grant MH 11525 from the National Institute of Mental Health, U.S.P.H.S., and grants from the National Research Council of Canada.
90 citations
TL;DR: A number of personal history and personality variables were found to correlate significantly with two criteria of emotional adjustment: ratings of emotional stability by supervisors and peers at Antarctic stations, and symptom scores from a questionnaire filled out twice during the winter.
Abstract: : Health problems are of special concern at small Antarctic stations because of the extreme environmental conditions and because of complete isolation from the outside world during the winter months. Incidences of common symptoms, reflecting insomnia, anxiety, depression, and hostility increased significantly during the winter months in three recent Antarctic expeditions. These results confirmed earlier findings obtained during the IGY period. A number of personal history and personality variables were found to correlate significantly with two criteria of emotional adjustment: (1) ratings of emotional stability by supervisors and peers at Antarctic stations, and (2) symptom scores from a questionnaire filled out twice during the winter. Relationships of psychiatric screening information to the emotional adjustment criteria varied with occupational group, particular criterion measure, and time of year.
66 citations
Book•
01 Jun 1968
TL;DR: This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this community dynamics and mental health book.
Abstract: Where you can find the community dynamics and mental health easily? Is it in the book store? On-line book store? are you sure? Keep in mind that you will find the book in this site. This book is very referred for you because it gives not only the experience but also lesson. The lessons are very valuable to serve for you, that's not about who are reading this community dynamics and mental health book. It is about this book that will give wellness for all people from many societies.
62 citations
TL;DR: The totality of urban life is the only rational focus for concern with mental illness, and the citizenry of the cities must determine what they want and how to achieve it.
Abstract: The totality of urban life is the only rational focus for concern with mental illness. No longer can we be concerned solely with treatment institutions; our problem now embraces all of society and we must examine every aspect of it to determine what is conducive to mental health. And just as the psychiatric patient must participate in his own treatment, the citizenry of the cities must determine what they want and how to achieve it.
62 citations
01 Apr 1968
TL;DR: In the mental health field, planning the efficient distribution and delivery of health and welfare services is more than a process of matching needs and resources plus the filling of service gaps as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: Planning the efficient distribution and delivery of health and welfare services is more than a process of matching needs and resources plus the filling of service gaps. Present practice requires working with a conglomeration of inadequate data subject to diverse interpretations; following hunches based on varying experience; resolving power conflicts; considering ideas whose time (according to their proponents) has come; and responding to the clear urgencies of the moment. What complicates the problems even more is that planners-especially in the mental health field-must deal with unclear and competing definitions of "community," different ideas of who makes up the consumer population, who are the authorized professionals and even controversy about what the illnesses may be. It is no wonder, therefore, that the program undertaken in New York City on the basis of the State Community Mental Health Services Act of 1954-impacted from "outside"' by concurrent and subsequent federal activity-has variously zigzagged, spurted ahead, regressed, drifted, yet inexorably expanded. The agency has grown into an organism whose work in some areas (e.g., growth of permanent investment and quantity of resources) has been relatively successful; in other areas (standard setting) modest and in still others (leadership, coordination, comprehensiveness and continuity of service) questionable. New York City has at least pioneered; its mental health agency
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe the pattern of a clinical demonstration: analysing a given set of problems, a case, and reasoning from the particular towards the general, so that the case under consideration may open the way to wider understanding.
Abstract: With your permission I should like to try to give this address the pattern of a clinical demonstration: analysing a given set of problems, “a case”, and reasoning from the particular towards the general, so that the case under consideration may open the way to wider understanding.
TL;DR: Six retired men and women were trained to function as mental health aides with primary-grade children in public schools and data indicating that they profited from their participation and that the youngsters benefited significantly from contact with them.
Abstract: Six retired men and women were trained to function as mental health aides with primary-grade children in public schools. This paper describes the program for recruiting and training these retired people and presents data indicating that they profited from their participation and that the youngsters benefited significantly from contact with them.
TL;DR: Emotional illness in physicians has become an issue of growing interest in the past few years and with a candor not found in any other professional group, physicians have painfully explored its roots.
Abstract: Excerpt Emotional illness in physicians has become an issue of growing interest in the past few years. With a candor not found in any other professional group, physicians have painfully explored th...
TL;DR: It is proposed that nurses' rejection patterns emerge from the interplay of the public's "normative" and the "psychiatric" perspectives, and suggested that, with increasing professional psychiatric training and experience, the crucial factor explaining the pattern of rejection is less the seriousness of an individual's mental illness than the "appropriateness" of the help he obtains.
Abstract: In a replication of Phillips' study, we ask whether the pattern of rejection of the mentally ill he discovered for the public holds true for our sample of psychiatric nurses. Nurses' rejection patterns diverge from and in part reverse those reported for the public. It is proposed that nurses' rejection patterns emerge from the interplay of the public's "normative" and the "psychiatric" perspectives. We further suggest that, with increasing professional psychiatric training and experience, the crucial factor explaining the pattern of rejection is less the seriousness of an individual's mental illness than the "appropriateness" of the help he obtains.
TL;DR: Preventive medicine embraces a broad spectrum of professional activity in the present-day highly organized and complex structure of medical practice which has been differentiated into closely related yet discretely identified specialty.
Abstract: Many years ago Perkins1defined health as "a state of relative equilibrium of body form and function which results from its successful dynamic adjustment to forces tending to disturb it." The term preventive medicine connotes the science and art of promotion of physical and mental health, the prevention of disease, the prevention of progression of disability, and prolongation of efficient and healthful living. When preventive medicine is practiced for groups and communities, it is usually referred to as public health. The graduate instruction of public health as presented in a school of public health, as well as graduate teaching of occupational and aerospace medicine, will be omitted from this discussion. The AMA "Essentials of Approved Residencies" states2: Preventive medicine embraces a broad spectrum of professional activity in the present-day highly organized and complex structure of medical practice which has been differentiated into closely related yet discretely identified specialty
TL;DR: The author suggests that the natural opportunities within the schools for preventive efforts, cosefunding, and crisis intervention make them ideal as well as actual community mental health centers.
Abstract: Although the public schools have been assigned, by law and circumstance, the task of educating and caring for most of the community's disturbed children, they have been granted no special facilities or funds for this mission and their teachers have not been adequately prepared for the responsibility. The author suggests that the natural opportunities within the schools for preventive efforts, cosefunding, and crisis intervention make them ideal as well as actual community mental health centers. The development of the Pittsburgh school mental health program is described as an experimental model.
01 Apr 1968
TL;DR: In this paper, the reporting of uncivil conduct chain of command is introduced to provide support and direction to nurses that are experiencing bullying by perpetrators in the workplace, which can result in health and mental health problems for affected nurses.
Abstract: As healthcare organizations use approaches such as structural empowerment theory and nurse residency programs to engage new graduate nurses in becoming productive members of the organizational culture, bullying and incivility experienced by these nurses can undermine organizations' efforts. Chapter 3 introduces the Reporting of Uncivil Conduct Chain of Command to provide support and direction to nurses that are experiencing bullying by perpetrators in the workplace. Unresolved and persistent uncivil conduct can result in health and mental health problems for affected nurses. Hence, in order to protect nurses' overall health and safety, it is necessary for organizations to adopt zero tolerance for bullying and incivility. Additionally, nurses may benefit from screening programs that can identify risks for self-harm secondary to stress and depression that could be caused by incivility in the workplace.
01 Jul 1968
TL;DR: In a review of the literature on delinquency and immigration, A. E. Bottoms in Race (Vol IX, No. 2, April 1967) has suggested the need for further research in this area as discussed by the authors.
Abstract: CHRISTOPHER BAGLEY is a member of the Medical Research Council’s Social Psychiatry Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, London. In a review of the literature on delinquency and immigration, A. E. Bottoms in Race (Vol. IX, No. 2, April 1967) has suggested the need for further research in this area. Two subjects discussed by Bottoms were the relevance of the Mertonian theory of the gap between culturally prescribed goals, and culturally available means for reaching these goals (creating the condition of ’anomie’) as a cause of delinquency; and the possibility that emigrants from Commonwealth countries contained a higher proportion of the mentally abnormal, for example schizophrenics, so that in the host community this factor might predispose immigrants to higher delinquency rates than the rest of the population. The purpose of the present note is to discuss these two questions, in the light of recent American and British research on deviance taking the form of identifiable mental illjress,° rather than delinquency. At the same time, the review of recent research should indicate the direction of work in this area.
TL;DR: The present book addresses itself to the question, " Are physicians doing what they can?"
Abstract: "If you can't do, teach," Shaw is alleged to have said. In medicine, a variation on this rule might be, "If you can't treat an illness, write a book about it." That is the impression conveyed by the recent torrent of new books on alcoholism. Most have essentially the same message: Alcoholism is a disease (or is it?) of unknown etiology. There is no specific treatment for the illness (if it is an illness), but physicians should do what they can. The present book addresses itself to the question, " Are physicians doing what they can?" To find out, the Joint Information Service of the American Psychiatric Association and the National Association for Mental Health in 1965 commissioned a field study of alcoholism treatment facilities in the United States to be conducted by six experts in alcoholism. The study began with a questionnaire sent to 56 medical facilities having alcoholism programs.
TL;DR: Z principles, focusing on community sanction, consultation techniques, clinical services and other aspects of community mental health programming are proposed and presented as hypotheses to be subject to empirical examination.
Abstract: A temporary solution to the manpower problem inherent in trying to meet the mental health needs of people in rural areas is the development of consultation programs. Based upon a history of organization and operation of such a program in rural North Carolina, zo principles, focusing on community sanction, consultation techniques, clinical services and other aspects of community mental health programming are proposed. These are presented as hypotheses to be subject to empirical examination.