Showing papers on "Mutation breeding published in 2002"

Principles and Procedures of Plant Breeding: Biotechnological and Conventional Approaches

Abstract: Preface / Introduction / Reproduction in Crop Plants / Plant Genetic Resources-Origin, Conservation and Utilization / Genetic Basis and Application of Selection in Self-pollinated Crops / Mendelian Consequences of Planned Hybridization in Self-pollinated Crops / Quantitative Inheritance / The Analysis of Genotype-Environment Interactions / Application of Biometrical Genetics in Plant Breeding / Pedigree Method / Bulk Population Breeding Method / The Single Seed Descent Method / Backcross Method / Fertility Regulating Mechanisms / Genetic Basis of Hetrosis / Breeding for Hetrosis / Genetic Structure of Cross-pollinated Crops / Population Improvement in Cross Pollinated Crops / Population Improvement Methods / Synthetic and Composite Varieties / Breeding for Asexually Propagated Crops / Breeding for Resistance to Diseases and Insect Pests / Mutation Breeding / Polyploidy in Plant Breeding / Tissue Culture in Crop Improvement / Molecular Approaches to Crop Improvement / Genetic Transformation and Production of Transgenic Plants / Biometry in Relation to Molecular Biology in Plant Breeding/ Field Plot Techniques in Plant Breeding / Plant Breeder's Rights, Release and Multiplication of Varieties/ Glossary / Index

Chlorophyll-deficient mutants of rice demonstrated the deletion of a DNA fragment by heavy-ion irradiation.

Abstract: Heavy-ion irradiation is a new method of mutation breeding to produce new cultivars. We established the application of this method in rice plants to obtain mutants. Rice seeds were irradiated by C or Ne ions (135MeV/u) with a LET (linear energy transfer) of 22.7 or 64.2 keV/microm, respectively. Chlorophyll-deficient mutants (CDM) segregated in M2 progeny were albino, pale-green, yellow or striped-leave phenotypes. The highest rate of CDM with C-ion irradiation, 7.31%, was obtained at 40 Gy among the doses examined. Ne-ion irradiation gave the highest rate, 11.6%, at 20 Gy. We used the RLGS (Restriction Landmark Genomic Scanning) method to analyze DNA deletion in an albino mutant genome. Not I-landmark RLGS profiles detected about 2000 spots in rice. We found that one of the polymorphic spots was strongly linked to the albino phenotypic mutant derived from deleting of a DNA fragment, and demonstrated the high ability to detect of polymorphic regions by the RLGS method.

Variability among advanced gamma‐irradiation induced large‐seeded mutant breeding lines in the ‘Georgia Browne’ peanut cultivar

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the variability among advanced large-seeded 'Georgia Browne' mutant breeding lines induced by gamma-irradiation. Seeds of the small-seeded, high-yielding, disease-resistant peanut cultivar 'Georgia Browne' were exposed to a 200 Gy dose of gamma-radiation. Several advanced (M(6:7)-M(6:9)) 'Georgia Browne' mutant breeding lines were developed and evaluated at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station over three consecutive years 1997-99 for disease incidence, pod yield, total sound mature kernels (TSMK) grade, pod weight, seed weight and seed size distribution. Field performance tests showed significant differences among the advanced large-seeded mutant breeding lines compared with 'Georgia Browne' for each of these variables. The results obtained demonstrate the beneficial use of mutation breeding for inducing and developing variable and desirable advanced mutant breeding lines within peanut cultivars.

[Studies on character variation of parent of "Ganzaoxian 47" by space mutation].

Abstract: Objective To breed a new variety from "86-70 selective line"--a late-maturing early indica rice variety with small spike, light grain and weak disease resistance by space mutation. Method Dry seeds of "86-70 selective line" were carried by recoverable satellite, to a near earth orbit and sowed and planted on the earth after recovery, heritance and variation of the characters of SP1- SP9 generation were observed. Result Because of comprehensive space mutation, the characters of their progenies were segregated and varied in many aspects and directions, and the segregated and varied characters were found to be heritable; by selecting early-maturing mutants from these progenies and cultivating them directionally, a new rice variety "Ganzaoxian 47 " was bred. In comparison with its parent, "Ganzaoxian 47" had superior agronomic and economic characters, significantly strong resistance to rice blast and so on, its filled grains per spike [correction of spile], kilo-grain weight and yield were increased by 37.9%, 5.3% and 22.5% respectively, but its growth and developmental duration were shortened by 14 d. Conclusion This study provided a new demonstration for space mutation breeding by recoverable satellite, and indicated that space mutation was an effective and new approach to agricultural crops breeding.

Plants and Biotechnologies

Abstract: Plant breeding has made a significant contribution to crop productivity. Wheat yields are now two to three times those of 80 years ago. Half of this improvement is genetic, using what we now term ‘conventional’ breeding methods; the other half is from the use of fertilisers and pesticides. The dwarfing character in cereals, for instance, has improved yield by the redistribution of plant resources from straw to grain. During the history of plant breeding, there have been steady advances and conventional plant breeding now uses many highly developed techniques to improve crops (Hayward et al., 1993).

Short Communication Variability among advanced gamma-irradiation induced large-seeded mutant breeding lines in the 'Georgia Browne' peanut cultivar

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the variability among advanced large-seeded ‘Georgia Browne’ mutant breeding lines induced by c-irradiation Seeds of the small-seeded, high-yielding, disease-resistant peanut cultivar ‘Georgia Browne’ were exposed to a 200 Gy dose of c-radiation Several advanced (M 6:7 –M 6:9 ) ‘Georgia Browne’ mutant breeding lines were developed and evaluated at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station over three consecutive years 1997–99 for disease incidence, pod yield, total sound mature kernels (TSMK) grade, pod weight, seed weight and seed size distribution Field performance tests showed significant differences among the advanced large-seeded mutant breeding lines compared with ‘Georgia Browne’ for each of these variables The results obtained demonstrate the beneficial use of mutation breeding for inducing and developing variable and desirable advanced mutant breeding lines within peanut cultivars

Short Communication Variability among advanced gamma-irradiation induced large-seeded mutant breeding lines in the ‘Georgia Browne’ peanut cultivar

Abstract: The objective of this study was to compare the variability among advanced large-seeded ‘Georgia Browne’ mutant breeding lines induced by c-irradiation. Seeds of the small-seeded, high-yielding, disease-resistant peanut cultivar ‘Georgia Browne’ were exposed to a 200 Gy dose of c-radiation. Several advanced (M6 : 7–M6 : 9) ‘Georgia Browne’ mutant breeding lines were developed and evaluated at the University of Georgia, Coastal Plain Experiment Station over three consecutive years 1997–99 for disease incidence, pod yield, total sound mature kernels (TSMK) grade, pod weight, seed weight and seed size distribution. Field performance tests showed significant differences among the advanced large-seeded mutant breeding lines compared with ‘Georgia Browne’ for each of these variables. The results obtained demonstrate the beneficial use of mutation breeding for inducing and developing variable and desirable advanced mutant breeding lines within peanut cultivars.