Showing papers on "Naturalness published in 1989"

A study of the relationship between decision model naturalness and performance

Abstract: Two objectives in the design of decision support systems (DSS) are to improve decision-making performance and to use DSS modeling forms that are natural, that is, to adopt modeling paradigms that are congruent with decision makers' conceptual models of decision tasks. By accomplishing the latter objective, a DSS should enjoy better conceptual ease of use and face validity. However, past research finds that DSS deemed natural for a task by decision makers, DSS designers, and researchers alike, often do not improve (or even hinder) performance; the inverse also occurs. Further decision-making behavior seems quite sensitive to minor task differences. How reliably are decision model natural ness and performance related? This study utilizes the bootstrapping paradigm of psychological research to help answer this question. In assessing the naturalness and performance of differing model paradigms over time and across levels of task complexity, no single, systematic pattern emerges. But the results suggest that naturalness and performance are differentially sensitive to task contingencies. For example, while relative performance is stable over time only in the low complexity condition, relative naturalness is stable over time only int the intermediate complexity condition. One implication of the results is that conceptual ease of use may be an unreliable predictor of a DSS's effect on performance. DSS mechanisms may help decision makers better analyze model naturalness and performance.

A game-theoretic modeling of concurrency

Abstract: A model is introduced for asynchronous concurrent communication, where each agent's perception of the system is represented by a game of interaction. The model combines strict fair merge with full recursion, and the main mathematical results provide evidence for the robustness and naturalness of his interpretation of recursive definitions of nondeterministic processes. The approach is closest to D. Park's (1980, 1983) whose ideas are starting points for this work. >

On Different Types of Naturalness in Morphological Change

Abstract: Zusammenfassung Anhand von Beispielen der Entwicklung des Substantivplurals im Deutschen, Niederländischen und Englischen werden hier die verschiedenen Natürlichkeitsparameter beim morphologischen Wandel erörtert. In diesem Zusammenhang werden drei Arten von Faktoren aufgezeigt: sprachunabhängige (universelle) morphologische Natürlichkeit (vgl. Mayerthaler 1981), sprachspezifische morphologische Normalität (vgl. Wurzel 1984) und zuletzt phonologische Natürlichkeit, genauer silbische Natürlichkeit im Sinne von Vennemanns Präferenzgesetzen für Silbenstruktur. Im Gegensatz zu den in der Natürlichen Morphologie sonst üblichen Annahmen in diesem Bezug behaupten wir hier, daß phonologische Natürlichkeit nicht immer und nur zerstörend auf die Morphologie ein wirkt, sondern auch die Richtung des morphologischen Wandels mit beeinflussen kann, wenn z. B. neue Pluralmarker analogisch eingeführt werden. Dann wird ceteris paribus ein Marker gewählt, der die semiotisch bevorzugte ikonische Kodierung der semantisch wichtigen Kategorie Plural gewährleistet, aber dabei am wenigsten gegen die universellen Silbenstrukturpräferenzen verstößt.

Time and Enhancement: Two Possible Local Explanations for the EPR Puzzle

Abstract: The alleged generality of the experimental results against the so-called local realist theories is challenged on two major grounds : first, the “naturalness” of the notorious no-enhancement hypothesis is questioned ; second it is disclosed that the possibility of subluminal information exchanges cannot be ruled out in atomic cascade tests if the emission lifetimes of both photons are taken into account.