Showing papers on "Nonpoint source pollution published in 1972"

Water pollution aspects of street surface contaminants

Abstract: MATERIALS WHICH COMMONLY RESIDE ON STREET SURFACES HAVE BEEN FOUND TO CONTRIBUTE SUBSTANTIALLY TO URBAN POLLUTION WHEN WASHED INTO RECEIVING WATERS BY STORM RUNOFF. CALCULATIONS BASED ON A HYPOTHETICAL BUT TYPICAL U. S. CITY INDICATED THAT THE RUNOFF FROM THE FIRST HOUR OF A MODERATE-TO-HEAVY STORM WOULD CONTRIBUTE CONSIDERABLY MORE POLLUTIONAL LOAD THAN WOULD THE SAME CITY'S SANITARY SEWAGE DURING THE SAME PERIOD OF TIME. THE STUDY PROVIDES A BASIS FOR EVALUATING THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS SOURCE OF WATER POLLUTION AND PROVIDES INFORMATION FOR COMMUNITIES HAVING A BROAD RANGE OF SIZES, GEOGRAPHICAL LOCALES, AND PUBLIC WORKS PRACTICES. INFORMATION WAS DEVELOPED FOR MAJOR LAND-USE AREAS WITHIN THE CITIES. THE ANALYSIS OF THE RUNOFF IS ALSO REPORTED. /AUTHOR/

Erosion and Sediment Pollution Control

Abstract: Studies the role of wind and water in erosion and describes control measures that significantly reduce soil loss.

Nonpoint rural sources of water pollution

Abstract: A literature survey was made to gather information for defining the quantity and characteristics of nonpoint water pollution sources from rural areas. Major constituents of such pollution include fertilizers, pesticides, erosion and sediment, and animal wastes. Studies showed that nitrogen and phosphorus from surface runoff and subsurface drainage are often greater in concentration than that from sewage effluents. Pesticides are only slightly soluble in water, and about 5 percent of that applied may enter waterways through surface runoff and erosion. Soil erosion and nutrient losses can be minimized by conservation measures and proper fertilizer application. With the exception of sediment transport, farm animal wastes can be the most serious sources of pollution from farm lands. The effluent quality of current animal waste treatment processes is substantially less than that achievable for domestic sewage. Conventional sewage treatment processes cannot be directly applied to animal wastes. Research on the handling, treatment, and disposal of animal wastes is woefully lacking.

Agricultural Runoff-Characteristics and Control

Abstract: Agricultural runoff consists of nonpoint sources that range from almost natural runoff to that from concentrated agricultural operations such as animal feedlots and fertilized fields. Control of the latter is possible by waste management and land conservation techniques. Increases in agricultural efficiency have been associated with a variety of potential and real environmental problems. The paper attempts to quantify some pollution problems due to agricultural runoff and to put these problems in perspective. The major topical areas include erosion, animal feedlots, rural runoff, pollution characteristics, and effect of fertilizers. Management methods to control the quantity and pollutional quality of the runoff are noted. The paper stresses that agriculture should institute a systematic, coordinated approach for specific production operations to reduce excesses that could cause environmental degradation.