Showing papers on "Occupancy published in 1994"
TL;DR: A family of Incidence-function models can be constructed for particular kinds of metapopulations that can be parameterized with field data on patch occupancy, and used to make quantitative predictions about specific metapipulations.
Abstract: Recent work on the dynamics of species living In fragmented landscapes has produced much Information on patterns of habitat patch occupancy in a wide range of organisms. Building on an elementary Markov chain model of patch occupancy, a family of Incidence-function models can be constructed for particular kinds of metapopulations. These models can be parameterized with field data on patch occupancy, and the models can be used to make quantitative predictions about specific metapopulations. This approach provides a potentially powerful tool for the management of reserve networks and species living in fragmented landscapes.
477 citations
TL;DR: A model developed to test the importance of nutrients in foraging decisions revealed poor predictions of habitat occupancy on a micro-level, and it was argued that selection occurred mainly at the macro-level.
Abstract: Several studies have indicated the potential importance of nutrients, other than energy, in determining foraging decisions. A model was developed to test this idea, on the assumption of an intake maximization for different nutrients (energy, sodium and phosphorus). The model predictions were tested using field data from cattle grazing in a landscape mosaic of Pleistocene cover-sand and riverine grassland. Observations on foraging behaviour, food intake and diet composition were collected in thirteen 4-day-periods over 2 years. Habitat selection was determined by comparing the proportion of grazing time in different vegetation units with the available area proportion of the units. Two levels of habitat selection were examined: a micro-level (fine-scale, where vegetation units were considered separately) and a macro-level (coarse-scale, where vegetation units were combined to give selection at the landscape level). At the micro-level of habitat selection, no selection was apparent between the vegetation units of the riverine landscape, but the Deschampsia flexuosa unit was significantly selected for in the cover-sand landscape. At the landscape (macro-) level, the animals preferred the riverine landscape. The model revealed poor predictions of habitat occupancy on a micro-level. A much better prediction was obtained when vegetation units were combined at a macro-level. The D. flexuosa unit provided a higher energy intake, whereas the intake of sodium was higher in riverine grassland. Phosphorus proved relatively significant in determining habitat occupancy. Based on energy maximization alone, the model was a very poor predictor of habitat occupancy. It is argued that selection occurred mainly at the macro-level. The incorporation of different nutrient constraints in foraging models can then prove fruitful when seeking explanations of habitat occupancy. At the micro-level, difficulties for the animal in assessing nutrient availability may result in a less selective foraging pattern. However, the costs of increased selectivity may be greater than the benefits.
102 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, the authors reviewed progress across the last 40 years in the housing of New Zealanders using both published and unpublished census tabulations and the SUPERMAP2 mapping facility.
Abstract: Progress across the last 40 years in the housing of New Zealanders is reviewed using both published and unpublished census tabulations and the SUPERMAP2 mapping facility. The topics covered include dwelling occupancy changing dwelling and household size the match between households and dwellings and crowding and its geography in Auckland and Wellington. A number of problems concerning the questions included in the successive censuses of housing are also identified and the importance of a continuing dialogue between researchers and census-takers is stressed. (EXCERPT)
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a conceptual and empirical basis is presented for the use of hotel occupancy data in monitoring hotel performance and marketing hotels, and a model is developed differentiating between two fundamental aspects of a hotel's occupancy performance-its proportionality component, reflecting its occupancy response to national demand conditions and its competitive component, resulting from regional, local and unique factors affecting its occupancy performance.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of rental concessions on apartment rent and occupancy rates using limited-information maximum likelihood estimation, equations for rent, occupancy and concessions s s s.
Abstract: This paper examines the effects of rental concessions on apartment rent and occupancy rates. Using limited-information maximum likelihood estimation, equations for rent, occupancy and concessions s...
14 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a standardization procedure analogous to shift-share analysis is proposed to identify competitive components of occupancy performance for individual hotels, measuring how their occupancy profiles compare with expected occupancy profiles (the structural components) derived from similar hotels nationally.
6 citations
01 Aug 1994
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors considered the application of stochastic modeling to building energy management systems and applied it on a full-scale experimental test room with its own generator and generator.
Abstract: The paper considers the application of stochastic modelling to building energy management systems. The results presented relate to research conducted on a full-scale experimental test room with its...
6 citations
TL;DR: The world's largest rock cavern stadium for public use has been built at Gjovik, Norway, as an arena for the 1994 Winter Olympic Games as discussed by the authors, which is the reference subject in a national ongoing research programme to verify the knowledge and technology related to preinvestigations, planning, construction, and use of such rock caverns.
5 citations