Showing papers on "Offset (computer science) published in 1973"

Modified step-point system for botanical composition and basal cover estimates

Abstract: Highlight: Instructions for use and assembly are presented for a modified step-point sampler Modifications were made to eliminate bias and to increase ease of use The basic design of the point frame is shown in Figure 1 The sampling point (a) is offset from the initial ground contact (b) to alleviate subconscious placement by the sampler The distance it is offset varies with the angle the point rod makes with the horizontal The inset shows the

Apparatus for developing an address of a segment within main memory and an absolute address of an operand within the segment

Abstract: Computer addressing hardware and a method of address development which utilizes the concept of a segment as the unit of addressability is disclosed. The fundamental vehicle for addressing is the segment wherein an address space is defined for a process and is included as part of the controlled information of the logical processor (the collection of hardware resources and control information necessary for the execution of a process.) The address space defines a predetermined number of different segments in which instructions can access operands. Within a segment, access is by relative location to the beginning of the segment, and is computed during address development. Any attempt to access information beyond the upper bound of the segment is detected by hardware and an exception condition occurs. An instruction may access an operand either directly or indirectly via a data descriptor, wherein an address syllable in the instruction is used for reference, and specifies whether reference is direct or indirection is to be preferred. The address syllable specifies a base register which defines the segment to be referenced and an offset within the segment. The address syllable also contains a displacement from this defined base. Address development hardware obtains the absolute address of the beginning of the segment, adds to this; the offset defined in the base registers, the displacement defined by the instructions, and if required the contents of an index register. This summation produces the required absolute address.

Methods and apparatus for decorating confectionery items

Abstract: A method of decorating a confectionery item includes the steps of applying a lining material to a design stamp, applying and removing the stamp from a surface of the confectionery item thereby leaving a delineated design on the surface, and thereafter applying a fill material to color, decorate and complete the design. A stamp for performing the method includes integral elongated members being triangular in cross-section and terminating downwardly at elongated apices delineating the design provided by the stamp. An alternate stamp includes an integral supporting web from which the elongated members depend. A handle for grasping and supporting either stamp is located in a position offset from a central portion of the stamp.

Magnetic document encoder having multiple staggered styli

Abstract: An apparatus for generating time-spaced intense localized magnetic fields outlining alphameric characters. The apparatus includes an array of staggered electromagnetic styli which are selectively energized by electrical pulses controlled by a dot pattern character generator, which pulses are selectively delayed prior to being applied to various styli, the amount of delay being dictated by the distance a particular stylus is offset from a reference line normal to a transport path past the styli.

Digital tool size compensation for numerical control

Abstract: A closed loop digital system for compensating for changes in tool sizes in a numerically controlled machine having a control containing an On-Line computer is described. The machine is either programmed to include the actual profile of the part to be machined without regard to cutting tool dimensions, or the tool center path is programmed for a particular tool size and the tool size may be changed by the operator. For the purposes of programming, the profile to be machined is divided into segments so that each segment is a continuous path through space. Each of the continuous paths represents one cut of the machine part and is represented by one block of data stored by the memory of the system. The complete profile of the part being machined is achieved by sequentially completing the segments in the order dictated by the desire configuration of the part. Compensation for tool dimensions is accomplished by a closed loop digital offset compensation circuit responsive to the dimension of the tool and the data block indicative of the active segment of the profile program. The digital circuit calculates the tool offset along the coordinate axes of the numerical control machine and enters the offset values into the command counters of the machine''s output drive as digital pulses having the same pulse weight as the command pulse generated by the On-Line computer. Tool size compensation is therefore achievable by injecting the tool dimensions into the computer and without any further operations on the part of the machine operator.

Offset "O" internal shield design for PCM telephone cables

Abstract: The telephone communication cable of this specification has a metal shield formed by bending a sheet of metal at one or both edges so that the portions of the sheet that are folded over one another form a shield of double thickness and the shield has one or both of its edges formed by a continuous extent of folded metal instead of a square edge or fluted edge with a burr along the side of the edge toward which the slitting instrument advanced to make the cut. Air spaces are prevented by filling any clearance between the folded areas of the shield with adhesive. The shield is applied as a D-Screen with the edges off the original strip on the curved part of the D-Screen and away from the group of pairs that are shielded by the D-Screen.

Time/bandwidth interchange system

Abstract: There is disclosed for use in a pulsed sensor system, such as radar or the like, a method and apparatus for time/bandwidth interchange in which the target response chirp pulses are first offset in frequency linearly with range; the offset response pulses are then delayed as a function of frequency; and, finally, the delayed, offset response pulses are rechirped into narrow band chirp pulses suitable for processing. There are also disclosed a number of methods and apparatuses for adapting the new time/bandwidth interchange system to various problem situations which arise in radar applications.

Surmounting the Inherent Errors in the Trifilar Pendulum Measurement of Moment of Inertia

Abstract: The trifilar pendulum is a comparatively simple apparatus for the measurement of the moment of inertia, but a thorough analysis of the many potential errors in such measurements does not exist in the literature. It typically consists of a circular platform suspended by three parallel cables attached equidistantly around a circle near the periphery of the platform. One measures the period of torsional oscillation of the pendulum empty and with the object in question centrally placed on the platform, and from a simple formula obtains the moment of inertia of the object about the axis of rotation. The published theory assumes that the object to be measured is placed on the platform with its mass center coincident with the mass and geometric centers of the platform. A detailed analysis of the error introduced by mass center offset is presented. All of the various measurements and pendulum properties are examined to evaluate the maximum possible total error. The final equation clearly shows the effect of the ratios of platform to object mass and moment of inertia. It is shown that period measurement is the most sensitive of the required measurements. An error estimation formula is given.

Sugar beet chip press - with offset drive for top feed to vertical worm

Abstract: The drive motor and gear box assembly are offset and transmit power to the press via a crown wheel gear, whose bearings are also clear of the central feed inlet, the only obstacle in that feed being an adjustable deflector plate A tapered pre-pressing section at the top has a wider outlet than inlet and the torque is transmitted to the body of the min press worm via spiral ribs which also act as material guides

Nuclear fuel rod assembly - with offset spacer grids esp for fast neutron reactors

Abstract: Each of the horizontal spacer grids of offset from a truly symmetrical position by a distance of ca. 1 mm., alternate grids from top of bottom of the assembly being offset in opposite directions so that the rods have a very slight vertical undulation. Esp. the grids are hexagonal meshed, each mesh having 3 symmetrical inner lugs of which 2 are in contact with the fuel rod under normal conditions. Due to the permanent sets, distortion due to heating etc. is along predetermined directions so simplifying tolerance calculations.

Specific variable ratio actuator

Abstract: A variable ratio device for producing specific non-linear motion This device includes primarily, an internally toothed housing in which is rotatable, by shaft means, a pair of gears supported upon pillow blocks, the pillow blocks having a gear with an offset pin, the offset pin carrying a rod which extends from out of the housing

Resolution distribution and information capacity of a hologram

Abstract: The spatial variation of image resolution is analyzed and the number of resolvable image points in an object space is determined, when a hologram of finite recording capacity is used. The object space is divided into different sections by the maximum spatial frequency of the hologram, the hologram size, and the reference beam. The expressions for the image resolution at different planes are derived. The spatial variation of image resolution changes its structure at different planes, whereas the number of resolvable points at any plane remains constant and is equal to n2, the recording capability of the hologram. The number of resolvable points in object space is also calculated for each region of object space, for both the point-source reference and the plane-wave reference. The total number of resolvable points in object space varies between (1/2)n3 and (2/3)n3 for a point-source reference, whereas the total number for the plane-wave reference is (1/3)n3. When the image is separable from its convolution term by an offset reference beam, the number of resolvable points is reduced to less than 1/20 the value when no separation is required.

Mechanical relationships of a rolling joint with offset insertion.

Abstract: journal type, with the exception of an orthotic flexible finger joint plate (NEALE, 1969) and a rolling prosthetic finger joint (GODDEN, 1968--69). If the action of a pin joint is controlled by a motor and gears, there is a direct linear relationship for both position and torque between the motor input and the joint output. If the motor is position-controlled, as in the case of a step motor (STEIN, 1971), the position of the joint is simply defined without recourse to involved mathematics or separate position sensing. As one moves distally from the body, the space available in an artificial extremity, for actuators and sensing devices, becomes limited. Tendons with the operating muscles at a remote site are paralleled in mechanical hands by the use of cables or rods, operated by actuators at a more proximal location. The ability of the human hand to 'reach' has been assessed as due to the finger joints having a rolling motion between the phalanges (GODDEN, 1968-69). In order to provide a functional artificial finger motion, it may be necessary to use rolling joints.

Application Of Moire Measuring Methods To Auto Safety Studies

Abstract: This paper presents a method of full-field displacement measurement which is very advantageous in auto-safety studies. A linear ruling of parallel lines is projected on the object with an ordinary projector. A view camera completes the apparatus and is used to image the object in its local focal plane. If the object is of arbitrary shape, the image of the ruling becomes "warped" when the camera axis is offset from the projector axis. This "warped" ruling contains information about the object contour which can easily be extracted. Superposition of a linear ruling with the warped ruling yields absolute contour information directly. Superposition of two warped rulings yield contour difference information. The latter process may be conventionally used for studies of deformations due to impact. Examples dealing with knee impact upon instrument panels will be shown. The sensitivity of the method may be varied over a wide range and the need for extreme degrees of vibration isolation is eliminated.© (1973) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.