Showing papers on "Organic radical battery published in 1972"

Alkaline aluminum-air/zinc-manganese dioxide hybrid battery

Abstract: A hybrid battery is described. The battery comprises two different cells electrically connected in parallel, a first cell being an alkaline aluminum-air cell and the second cell being an alkaline zinc-manganese dioxide cell. The battery is particularly useful as a power source for electrically operated devices which require long periods of relatively low electrical current alternating with short periods of relatively high electrical current.

Evaluation of organic battery electrodes: Voltammetric study of the redox behaviour of solid quinones

Abstract: The redox behaviour of solid quinones has been examined by potential sweep and cyclic voltammetry. A number of quinones are insoluble in aqueous electrolytes and can be completely discharged and recharged without appreciable polarization, as found, for example, with solid chloranil (tetrachloro-p-benzoquinone) and solid duroquinone (tetramethyl-p-benzoquinone). Hence quinones are reversible redox systems not only in solutions but also in the solid state. During discharge and recharge in dilute sulphuric acid only slight polarization occurs, which is attributed to a pure diffusion overvoltage. Polarization is not much greater in salt solutions. In this case, however, the peaks of the voltammetric curves are broader. In ammonium chloride solutions a double peak corresponding to the two electron transfers is obtained for chloranil both anodically and cathodically; this shows that the semiquinone is stable in ammonium chloride solution. Duroquinone also gives two peaks, but these are observed only in non-stationary measurements so that they do not correspond to the state of equilibrium. The pH dependence of the redox potential is 59 mV per pH unit. Only chloranil in ammonium chloride solution shows two redox potentials, depending on the discharge depth, which are both lower than the potential corresponding to the pH. The possible application of quinones in secondary battery cathodes is discussed.

Lead‐Fluoroboric Acid Battery

Abstract: A reserve battery is described that can operate over a wide temperature range, including temperatures as low as -60/sup 0/C at Coulombic efficiencies of 16% or better The battery is based on the system lead/fluorobic acid/lead dioxide and utilizes a bonded lead dioxide cathode The system is discussed based on data such as capacities, current-voltage relationships and Coulombic efficiencies, as a function of temperature; self-discharge characteristics; specific energy; and cost considerations 7 references