Showing papers on "Ostium published in 1986"

Duplex scanning of normal vertebral arteries.

Abstract: Vertebral arteries were studied by Duplex scanning in 50 normal subjects. Pretransverse and C6-C5, C5-C4 intertransverse segments were visualized in all cases on both sides; segment C4-C3 was visualized in 100% of the cases on the right side and in 90% on the left; ostium was obtained in 94% of the cases on the right and in 60% on the left. The left vertebral artery was dominant in 48% of the cases while the right vertebral artery was dominant in 14%. Three vertebral arteries were hypoplasic. Duplex scanning was thus found to be an easily performed noninvasive method to study morphological and hemodynamic characteristics of vertebral arteries from their origin to the C4-C3 level.

Isolated coronary ostial stenosis

Abstract: We have examined 5 patients with typical angina pectoris and found them to have left coronary ostial stenosis without evidence of any other coronary arterial disease and without evidence of aortic disease (Takayasu aortitis, syphilitic aortitis, or familial hypercholesterolaemia). All five patients were female aged between 38 and 53 years, a striking difference from the normal 7:1 male:female ratio for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. It may be that these patients represent a rare but distinct syndrome. The angiographic diagnosis can be difficult but a pressure drop as the catheter tip engages the ostium and lack of spill-over of contrast into the sinus of Valsalva are findings that should lead the angiographer to suspect ostial stenosis.

Central nervous system complications of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty.

Abstract: During 1968 consecutive percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) procedures, 4 patients (0.2%) suffered a focal central nervous system complication. Two patients had a hemisphere infarct, one a brainstem infarct and one a hemisphere transient ischemic attack. Embolism was the likely mechanism in 3 cases; in 1 air was injected through the guiding catheter, and in 2 post-coronary bypass cases the ascending aorta was "scraped" with the guiding catheter while searching for a graft ostium. In 1 case the event occurred after a successful PTCA during a period of hypotension. Neurologic complications are rare during PTCA but will occasionally occur as the procedure is performed more frequently.

The abdominal air sac ostium of the domestic fowl: a sphincter regulated by neuro-epithelial cells?

Abstract: A microscopic study of the ostium of the abdominal air sac of the domestic fowl has shown that the ostium has a sphincter-like ring of well innervated smooth muscle. Three types of neuro-epithelial cell characterised by their content of numerous large granular vesicles are found in the wall of the ostium. Type I cells are present within the submucosal nerve plexus and appear to be morphologically similar to SIF cells. Type II cells occur in the lamina propria, in clusters or cords, are often associated with fenestrated capillaries, and have synaptic contact with axonal terminals containing small agranular vesicles. The cells of Types I and II are not intra-epithelial and therefore differ from the cells which have been found elsewhere in the respiratory tract of the domestic fowl and other vertebrates. Type III cells are intra-epithelial, and some of those in the basal region of the epithelium are associated with axon terminals. Type III cells are similar in ultrastructure and location to neuro-epithelial cells found elsewhere in the major airways of the domestic fowl. They also resemble cells in neuro-epithelial bodies in amphibian, reptilian and mammalian lungs, although neuro-epithelial bodies have not been found in the lung of this species of bird. The morphology of the ostium suggests that it may have a sphincter-like function, possibly regulated by the neuro-epithelial cells. The presence of a mucociliary epithelium and defensive tissue in the lamina propria indicates that the ostium is the site of defence mechanisms.

Therapeutic hepatic vein angioplasty for Budd-Chiari syndrome

Abstract: The authors report a case of Budd-Chiari syndrome treated by percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA). In this case, the occlusion of three major hepatic veins with a big collateral to the inferior vena cava via the right inferior hepatic vein (RIHV) and stenosis of the ostium of RIHV were seen. We performed successful PTA of this stenosis.

Ureteral stent for transurethral placement

Abstract: The invention describes a ureteral stent for transurethral placement which is made of a flexible plastic and is connected on the proximal end of its roughly straight shaft to an extubation thread and has on its distal end means for stabilising the intubated ureteral stent. This possesses a length of the roughly straight shaft part, which permits intubation of the proximal shaft end of the ureteral stent to behind the ostium of the ureter. An additional extubation thread is fixed to the proximal shaft end, and this remains in the bladder when the ureteral stent is intubated.

Photography and the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope.

Abstract: Documentation of normal and pathological anatomy is important to all medical practitioners. The ability to visualize and photograph the upper respiratory tract has been revolutionized by the advent of the flexible fibreoptic rhinolaryngoscope (FFRL), which demonstrates a one-instrument capability for the examination and photodocumentation of the ears, nasal cavity, nasopharynx, larynx, hypopharynx and trachea (Selkin, 1984). If a large natural maxillary ostium, or surgical window, is present, the antrum may also be examined.

Experimental studies of the effect of nasal respiratory obstruction on ventilation of the maxillary sinus

Abstract: The connection between obstruction in the nasal cavity and the antral ventilation is not completely understood. To investigate this problem, experiments with a tube model and a plastinated model of a human nose have been performed (see Fig. 1). It was possible to take the septum off that model to replace it by different septal deviations or to imitate adenoidal hyperplasia. Furthermore, the antral ostium was replaced by cannules of different sizes (0.38-7.06 mm2). Thus, we were able to record the resistance of the nose, the pressure in front of the ostium and the pressure in the sinus synchronously. We were able to show that the antral pressure depends on the depth of breath and its frequency, the choanal pressure, the resistance of the total nose, the localisation of septal deviations in the cavity of the nose and the size of the ostium (see table 1). Proximal obstructions in the nasal cavity--such as adenoidal hyperplasia--caused a diminishing antral pressure amplitude during respiration, distal obstructions caused an increase of the antral pressure (see Fig. 3). Accordingly, the isthmus nasi is a physiological distal obstruction which causes an amelioration of the sinus ventilation. If the ostial surface is reduced to below 1 mm2, there is a time delay of the pressure in front of and behind (i.e. in the sinus) the ostium (see Fig. 2). This means a reduction of the antral pressure amplitude depending on the frequency of respiration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The results of arterial bypass to the infra-popliteal arteries using EXS Dacron grafts.

Abstract: The potential of the EXS Dacron graft in the femoro-tibial and peroneal bypass is unknown. During a one year period 19 EXS grafts were used in 16 patients for treatment of rest pain or gangrene. A distal common ostium arterio-venous fistula was constructed in 6 patients (5 peroneal, 1 anterior tibial). The cumulative patency was 63% at one month, 32% at nine months and 5% at one year. Nine patients succumbed to limb loss necessitating 4 above-knee and 5 below-knee amputations. Of those grafts which failed after the first post-operative month three were available for histological examination. Microscopy revealed marked fibro-intimal hyperplasia of the host artery distal to the insertion of the graft. Our results using alternative arterial prosthetic conduits show a cumulative patency of 42% at one year. Our experience with small diameter Dacron prostheses suggests that they are inferior to other arterial prosthetic conduits when inserted into the infra-popliteal arteries. Failure of these grafts is possibly due to compliance mismatch with resultant fibro-intimal hyperplasia of the host artery.

Left mainstem coronary artery ostial stenosis - death after angiography. A report of 5 cases

Abstract: Death directly related to selective coronary arteriography in 5 patients with a history of unstable angina pectoris during the period 1975-1985 is reported. Four different cardiologists were involved. A feature common to all the cases was the presence of significant ostial stenosis of the left mainstem coronary artery (LMCA); 2 patients had haemodynamically important obstruction of a dominant right coronary artery (RCA) ostium, while 2 others had total occlusion in the proximal part of a dominant RCA. The RCA in the last case was angiographically normal and non-dominant. Collateral coronary blood flow was fairly sparse in most cases and in 4 left ventricular dysfunction of varying degree was present. All patients developed severe hypotension and electromechanical dissociation after arteriography while still in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Resuscitation efforts were uniformly unsuccessful. Autopsy on 1 patient demonstrated extensive obstructive coronary atherosclerosis with a massive acute anterior myocardial infarction. Cardiac catheterization poses an extremely high risk for this subgroup of patients with LMCA disease, as does selective coronary arteriography. The possible role of catheter-provoked coronary vasospasm of the LMCA is suggested; a recently introduced soft-tipped cardiovascular catheter may be more appropriate in this setting.

Technique of PTCA by the Brachial Approach: Practical Considerations and Comparison with the Femoral Artery Method

Abstract: The development of a double-lumen dilatation catheter modified the original coaxial catheter technique and permitted successful dilatation of peripheral arterial stenoses [1]. The miniaturization of this double-lumen catheter permitted the dilatation of stenoses in the epicardial coronary arterial system. However, a delivery system was necessary to guide these coronary dilatation catheters into the coronary artery [2]. Initially, preshaped guide catheters were percutaneously introduced through the femoral artery to engage the coronary ostium and thereby allow passage of the dilatation catheter into the coronary artery. The brachial artery guide catheter was developed to permit introduction of a single, multipurpose guide catheter which would allow intubation of either coronary ostium or of the saphenous vein graft ostium for the performance of single or multiple transluminal coronary angioplasties [3]. Patient selection and the brachial technique with its advantages and disadvantages are discussed.

Distribution of the muscle coat at the omasoabomasal junction and its vicinity in cattle.

Abstract: Detailed studies on the distribution of the muscle coat at the omasoabomasal junction in cattle, especially in the pila omasi, were carried out in order to clarify the mechanism of closing of the ostium omasoabomasicum. Anatomical and histological observations revealed that the muscle coat forming the circumference of the ostium omasoabomasicum is composed of inner circular and outer longitudinal layers. The former was particularly thickened at the end of the sulcus omasi (pila omasi). Joined to the pila omasi was a thick muscle bundle which extended from the labium sinistrum (left lip) of the sulcus reticuli and ran obliquely along the floor of the sulcus omasi. Moreover, on the abomasal side of the ostium omasoabomasicum, vela abomasi were formed in such a manner as to surround the ostium omasoabomasicum. These were continuous with the edges of the sulcus omasi. Judging from its location and muscular structure, the pila omasi may contract in accordance with the contraction of the reticulum. As a result, the ostium omasoabomasicum may be narrowed and the vela abomasi pulled toward the omasum, perhaps obstructing the ostium omasoabomasicum. Accordingly, it is presumed that the retention of contents in the omasum may effectively prevent abomasal contents from moving backward into the omasum.

Fistule coronaro-pulmonaire bilatérale et athérome coronaire sténosant tritronculaire. A propos d'un nouveau cas avec revue de la littérature.

Abstract: In a 62 years old patient suffering from stenocardia and paroxysms of atrial fibrillation, coronary angiography disclosed two coronary-pulmonary fistulas associated with a tritruncal stenotic coronary atheroma. During the operation consisting of a double aortocoronary shunt and closing the anomalous pulmonary ostium, a control coronary angiography confirmed the shunt permeability and showed the absence of opacifications at the passage of the fistulas. In the immediate postoperative period the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation was no longer accompanied by stenocardia which did not reappear one year after operation. This observation illustrates the fact that coronary-pulmonary fistulas may aggravate a fortuitously associated coronary insufficiency.

Functional significance of the left adrenal vein and the gonadal veins

Abstract: Owing to the investigation of changeability variants of the left adrenal, anastomosis of the inferior diaphragmatic and ovarian (testicular) veins--tributaries of the human left renal vein, three variants in inflow of the left adrenal vein in comparison to the left ovarian (testicular) vein have been revealed. In the first variant, that occurs in 70% of cases, the left adrenal vein flows into the left renal vein by 15 cm more medially from the ostium of the ovarial (testicular) vein. The second variant occurs in 11%. The left adrenal and ovarian (testicular) ostia are situated at the same level. The distance from the hilus renalis to the place, where the ostia mentioned get into the renal vein, is about 39 mm. In the third variant (19%) the left adrenal vein gets into the left renal vein nearer to the hilus renalis than the ovarian (testicular) veins. An average distance from the hilus renalis to the ostium of the left adrenal vein is 33 mm. The second variant, when the left adrenal vein gets into the left renal vein, contributes to appearance of the primary varicocele at the left. When the operation for nephrectomy is made at the left, our data make it possible to recommend a purposeful ligation of the left renal vein more laterally to the ostium of the ovarian (testicular) vein. In 80% this ligation will not disturb the function of the left adrenal vein.

The relationship between arteriosclerosis and the wave line of aorta

Abstract: The wave line is a structure that is frequently observed in aorta. Grossly this structure (wave line), measuring 0.3 0.5 cm in width and 5–10 cm in length, runs longitudinally or spirally along the long axis of the aorta. The distribution and the relation with arteriosclerotic plaque of wave line were studied. The wave line had three predilection sites: A) the wave line running down from closure of Botallo duct to ostium of 6–8th intercostal artery, B) the wave line between ostium of both renal arteries, C) the wave line running down from lumbar artery to iliac arteries. The wave line observed in the aortae of neonates gradually increased with age. Its frequency is about 80–100% in the second and the third decades. The association of arteriosclerosis with the wave line was frequently observed, especially on “C” region. Fifty-five percent of arteriosclerotic plaques in the fourth decade corresponded with the wave line.