Showing papers on "Peduncle (anatomy) published in 1992"

New Method for Supplying Substances to Cereal Inflorescences

Abstract: Study of nutritional and metabolic requirements of developing grain in cereal crops is hampered by the lack of methods for supplying substances directly to the spike during a substantial portion of the grain-fill period. The objective of this study was to develop a system for continuous feeding of solutions containing nutrients or metabolic effectors into the peduncle of barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Leger) plants and to observe their effects on the quantity and quality of the resulting grain. For each plant, one needle was inserted into the peduncle near the bottom and a second near the top. These were sealed to the peduncle with latex and attached to 20-cm lengths of flexible plastic tubing. The tubing on the lower needle was attached to a syringe barrel. Both the syringe barrel and the open end of the upper tube were held above the spike. Solutions were placed in the syringe barrel and these flowed through the peduncle and into the upper tube. The plants were allowed to draw KNO3 or urea (30 mM-N) solutions from this system for 20 d. The volume of solution taken up ranged from 37 to 68 mL. Supplying these N sources with the peduncle perfusion system increased N concentrations in barley grain by up to 40% and total grain N per spike by 25% relative to nonperfused or distilled water perfused controls. The amount of N removed from the perfusion system was equal to approximately 50% of the total grain N per spike. Use of the perfusion system was not disruptive to normal spike development. These results show that this peduncle perfusion system is capable of delivering large quantities of substances to the developing grain of hollow-stemmed grasses.

Evolution ofNaso thynnoides and the status ofN. minor (Acanthuridae; Actinopterygii)

Abstract: Naso minor was described from a single specimen (Smith, 1966). Only one other specimen has since been reported (Randall, 1986). The species apparently differed fromN. thynnoides in the ratio of fork length to head length and eye diameter, the shape of the caudal peduncle spine, and in number of dorsal spines. Collections of 24 specimens of four- and five-spined individuals (putatively assigned to both species) from the Philippines revealed that the first three differences are not valid. However, spine number, the length of the nasal groove, the pigmentation of the basal plate of the caudal peduncle spine, and the morphology of the first dorsal-fin pterygiophore confirm the distinctness of the two species.

A new species of sinocycloche1lus from guangxi, china (cypriniforms: barbinae)

Abstract: The paper presents the description of a new carp of the genus Sinocyclocheilus in China.Sinocyclocheilus Jii sp. nov. (fig. 1)D. iv-7; A. iii-5; P. i-13; V. i-7; GilLrakers 7-8. Pharyngeal teeth 2, 3, 4-4, 3, 2. L. S. 48 22-24/17-19 50.Depth 3.3-3.4 in standard body length, head 3.8-3.9, length of caudal peduncle 6.7-6.8, depth of caudal peduncle 7.8-8.5. Snout 3.3-3.5 in head, eye 6.6, inte-rorbital space 2.9-3.0. Depth of caudal peduncle 1.2-1.4 in its length.Diagnosis: The new species is similar to Sinocyclocheilus malacopterus and both the two species are distinguished from all other known species in this genus, by their last soft unbranched dorsal ray. The new species differs from S. malaco-Pterus in having less scales in lateral line (48-50) and lacking serration on the hind margin of its last simple dorsal ray.Holotype: No. 桂富川 XI841101, total length 156mm, body length 130mm, collected in November, 1984 near a cave at Fuchuan County, (111°3'E, 24°8?'N) Gua-ngxi, China. Paratype: No. 桂富川 XI841102, total length 125mm, body length 102 mm, collected in the same time and location. Both holotype and paratype speci- mens are kept in the Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica.

Variabilidad fenotípica de un endemismo localizado en islas ecológicas: Pinguicula longifolia subsp. longifolia (Lentibulariaceae)

Abstract: Variation in some floral traits of Pinguicula longifolia subsp. longifolia , a chasmophilous endemism of central Pyrenees, is examined. The especies shows a considerable intra and interpoblational phenotypic variability for all traits studied (peduncle, spur and lower lip corolla length), and floral differences between populations are not associated with their geographical distances. Ecological and historical factors seems to be more important to understand their restricted distribution than genetic or reproductive ones.

Development of Vascular Bundles in the Peduncle of Different Tillers and its Relationship to Panicle Characteristics in Rice

Abstract: Experiments were conducted to determined the development of the vascular bundles in the peduncle of different tillers on its development in order to improve the vascular system and possibly increase grain yield. The development of the vascular bundle in the leaf, stem and panicle is an important aspect of assimilate translocation and differentiation of panicle characters. Two cultivars were used in this study: IR58, an indica type, and Unbong 7, a japonica type. The main culm(M) had more and bigger vascular bundles in the peduncle and those vascular bundle decreased with tiller order and tiller development. In the primary tillers, P1 had more large and small vascular bundles than P5 in both cultivars. IR58 developed more large vascular bundles compared to Unbong 7, but the small vascular bundle in unbong 7 was more than in IR58. The cross sectional area of phloem and xylem in large vascular bundle decreased with tiller order in both cultivar. Larger area of phloem and xylem in the early formed tillers more efficient transport of assimilates. The number of spikelets, the weight of panicle and grain yield per panicle were highest in the main culm followed by the order of their initiation or emergence. The number of primary and secondary branches to be positive associated with the number and area of vascular bundles. Furthermore, the number of vascular bundles in the peduncle was highly correlated with the peduncle thickness which in turn was correlated with the number of primary and secondary branches on the panicle. These results showed tillers that are initiated early and have relatively ation usually have more vascular bundles, larger peduncle, more spikelets spike let filling and ultimately higher yield.

Cutter for peduncle of hand for harvesting fruit vegetables

Abstract: PURPOSE:To raise the harvesting efficiency of fruit vegetables by keeping a cutter and a peduncle supporting member in an opened state, capturing the fruit vegetables, once keeping both the cutter and the peduncle supporting member in a nipping state, then discriminating the state, keeping both in a half-opened state, moving both in the direction away from the fruit vegetables and keeping both in the nipping state. CONSTITUTION:A cutter 17 for cutting the peduncle of captured fruit vegetables and a peduncle supporting member 18 for supporting the peduncle are operated from an opened state for introducing the fruit vegetables therebetween to a nipping state and the cutter 17 and the peduncle supporting member 18 are discriminated to be in a state of both the cutter 17 and the peduncle supporting member 18 supporting the peduncle by a discriminating means. Both are then operated in a half-opened state for preventing passage of the fruit vegetables therebetween, subsequently moved in the direction away from the fruit vegetables with a driving means so as to reduce the distance between the fruit vegetables and the cutter 17 and then reoperated to the nipping state. Since whether foreign materials such as branches or leaves are nipped or not can be confirmed before moving the cutter and the peduncle supporting member in the direction away from the fruit vegetables, both can be directly transferred to operation to capture the next fruit vegetables if the foreign materials such as the branches or leaves are nipped.

A new species of the Yunnanilus from Guizhou, China (Cypriniformes: Cobitidae)

Abstract: Yunnanilus caohaiensis sp. nov. (fig. 1-3)Holotype No. 900077, adult male, total length 85 mm, standard length 72 mm, collected on April 25, 1990. in Caohai Lake of Weining County (26°49'-26°53'N, 104°12'-104°18'E, altitude 2172 m), Guizhou Province, China, Allotype: No. 900052, adult, total length 69 mm, standard length 58 mm, date and locality same as holotype. Paratypos: 350 specimens, measurement 110 specimens, total length 27-85mm. standard length 22-69 mm, date and locality same as holotype. Paratype No. 900053 specimen is kept in the Institute of Hydrobiology, Aca-demia Simica, Wuhan, China. Other specimens are kept in the Museum of Sichuan Institute of Natural Resource.D. iii-9; P. i-11; V. i-7; A. iii-5; C. i-14-i; Gill-rakers 10-13 on the inner row of the first arch; Vertebrae 4 + 30 + 1 (15 specimens).Depth of body. 3.8-4.5 (4.2), head length 3.3-4.0 (3.6), length of peduncle 7.8-9.1 (8.4), depth of peduncle 8.5-9.3 (8.9) in standard length. Snout 2.5-3.6 (3.0), eye 3.5-5.0 (4.2), interorbital space 2.3-3.6 (2.8) in head length. Depth of caudal peduncle 1:0-1.1 (1.0) in its length.Diagnosis The new species differs from Y. nigromaculatus (Regan) in the following aspects: 1. bare and scale less on the back, thorar and abdomen with sparse scales on the sides of its body; 2. dorsal fin iii-9; 3. caudal peduncle lower and longer; 4. vertebrae 4+30 + 1; 5. hind nares bar seperated from its anterior edge of eyes.