Showing papers on "Plasmodium vivax published in 1981"

Malaria-induced thrombocytopenia

Abstract: Platelet counts were investigated in 26 patients withP. falciparum malaria and 39 patients withP. vivax malaria before and after treatment. Before schizontocidal treatment 22 of 26 (85%) patients withP. falciparum malaria and 30 of 39 (72%) patients withP. vivax malaria had depressed platelet counts below 150,000/Μl blood. There was a correlation between low platelet counts and high counts of malarial plasmodia (parasitized red blood cells) inP. falciparum andP. vivax infections (p < 0.001). Platelet survival, studied by malonaldehyde formation in three patients during the period of decreasing parasitaemia, revealed a shortened life span to 2–3 days in comparison to 7–10 days in normal controls. In all patients platelet counts rose to threefold the initial values within 5 days after clearance of parasites.

Duffy blood types and vivax malaria in Ethiopia.

Abstract: We investigated an hypothesis relating the Duffy-negative blood type with insusceptibility to vivax malaria—and previously associated only with people of West African ancestry—in three population samples of eastern African stock. The samples included Nilotic and Hamitic-Semitic residents of a malarious locale in Ethiopia and Hamito-Semites in Addis Ababa where malaria is not endemic. Fresh red blood cells from 191 subjects were tested with Duffy antisera, anti-Fya and anti-Fyb. Duffy-positive rates in the malarious community were 8% for the Nilotes and 70% for the Hamito-Semites; the Hamito-Semites in Addis Ababa were 98% Duffy-positive. The relative prevalences of Plasmodium vivax in the two study groups at risk to malaria were 2.4% for the Nilotes and 27.3% for the Hamito-Semites, producing a ratio similar to the ratio of Duffy-positives in the two samples. We interpret the data as supportive of the Duffy-vivax hypothesis with reference to a part of eastern Africa, and we suggest that the Duffy-negative genotype may represent the original, rather than the mutant, condition in tropical Africa.

Absence of a surface coat from metacyclic Trypanosoma vivax: possible implications for vaccination against vivax trypanosomiasis.

Abstract: Trypomastigotes attached to the wall of the hypopharynx in tsetse flies infected with Trypanosoma vivax are believed to represent the true metacyclic stage of this trypanosome. Electron microscopy demonstrates that attachment is mediated by hemidesmosome-like junctions along the flagellar membrane and that none of the trypomastigotes, either attached or free in the hypopharynx lumen, possesses a surface coat comparable with that on the metacyclics of T. brucei and T. congolense and on the bloodstream stages of all salivarian trypanosomes. As the variable antigen of bloodstream and metacyclic T. brucei is located in the surface coat, the absence of the coat from metacyclic T. vivax suggests that the mechanism of antigenic variation in this species may be somewhat different from that of antigenic variation in T. brucei, and that vaccination of cattle against T. vivax may prove a simpler proposition than vaccination against T. brucei.

The six diseases of WHO. Malaria.

Abstract: In 1980, 1670 cases were recorded in Britain with seven deaths due to Plasmodium falciparum malaria, while the mid-year figure for 1981 was 584. As in recent years, P vivax was the predominant species of parasite, and the main categories of patients were: (a) immigrants after visiting their relatives in the tropics, predominantly the Indian subcontinent, (b) businessmen and technologists on contract work in malarious areas, (c) holidaymakers, and (d) recently arrived immigrants.

Malaria antibody and parasitaemia patterns in one immune and one non-immune population in a malarious area of northern Peru.

Abstract: A malaria study was carried out in an oil exploration concession in northwestern Peru on the Rio Pastaza. Stained blood slides were examined and a serological test (indirect immunofluorescence) carried out. Oil field workers and native Jivaro Indians were tested. Two matched age groups had comparable percentages of malaria as determined with stained blood slides. However, serological tests indicated that the native Indians had had far more experience with malaria. They also reflect some success in efforts to protect the workers from malaria. The focus appears to be caused entirely by Plasmodium vivax, with P. falciparum entirely absent and P. malarial probably so. Malaria control measures should be instituted among the native population for their own benefit as well as to further protect the workers.

[2 Breton cases of autochthonous malaria, in reality the first French cases of "airport malaria"].

Abstract: Two cases of Plasmodium falciparum malaria encountered in Finistere in 1969 are regularly referred to in the literature as infections acquired in Brittany. In view of the extreme rarity of such an occurrence, it was decided to reexamine the data and consider in detail the biological and epidemiological factors for and against the possibility of infection occurring in Brittany.

Malaria in children in Birmingham in the 1970s

Abstract: Thirty-two children with malaria were admitted to Dudley Road Hospital, Birmingham, in the 1970s. None was admitted before 1974 and there was a rapid increase after that. All the infections were due to Plasmodium vivax and occurred in children of Asian immigrant families who had been born in or had visited India or Pakistan apart from one infant born in England who acquired the disease transplacentally. All presented within 12 months of entering or re-entering the United Kingdom. The clinical features of the 32 patients have been analysed and it is suggested that more effort should be made to educate travellers about the need for anti-malarial chemoprophylaxis and the necessity to continue it for one month after return.

Malaria inchildren inBirmingham inthe1970s

Abstract: Summary Thirty-two children withmalaria wereadmitted to DudleyRoadHospital, Birmingham, inthe1970s. Nonewasadmitted before 1974andthere wasarapid increase after that. Alltheinfections weredueto Plasmodium vivax andoccurred inchildren ofAsian immigrant families whohadbeenborninorhad visited India orPakistan apart fromoneinfant born inEngland whoacquired thedisease transplacentally. Allpresented within 12monthsofentering orreentering theUnited Kingdom. Theclinical features of the32patients havebeenanalysed anditissuggested thatmoreeffort should bemadetoeducate travellers abouttheneedforanti-malarial chemoprophylaxis andthenecessity tocontinue itforonemonthafter return.