Showing papers on "Public international law published in 1975"

People's China and international law : a documentary study

Abstract: In these two volumes Jerome Alan Cohen and Hungdah Chiu have presented in a comprehensive form the views of the People's Republic of China on all the major questions of public international law. The material chosen includes official acts and statements from every level of the Chinese government, editorials and major articles from the "People's Daily," dispatches of the New China News Agency and other government media, the writings of Chinese scholars, and the speeches of China's leaders. In an extensive introduction, Professors Cohen and Chiu discuss the experience of previous Chinese governments with international law, and the relationship of China's domestic public order and its foreign policy to its views of international law.

The Future of Public International Law and of the International Legal System in the Circumstances of Today

Abstract: [NOTE-After consultation with the Secretary-General of the Institute of International Law, this abstract has been produced as, inter alia, a means of making the work of the Institute more widely known. The full text appears in the Centenary Volume of its publications a>, being here cut down by about one half. Most of the footnotes in the complete version have been omitted, any essential references being inserted in the body of the text. Those retained figure under their original numbering. A dot(*) in the text where a footnote number would have appeared indicates the omission of one. There are a few new notes, lettered not numbered. The original headings and paragraph numbers have been retained, omissions being indicated. Passages paraphrased, summarized or consisting of linking matter are placed in square brackets. The Annexes to the Report are omitted. The second part of the abstract will appear in the next issue of International Relations.]

The Concept of Public Purpose Terror in International Law

Abstract: As considered here, terror is the systematic use of extreme violence and threats of violence in order to achieve public or political objectives. Such public purpose or ideologically motivated terror is conducted by governments, groups of diverse characteristics, and individuals. Acts of terrorism which are designed to promote the private gain or profit of common criminals, as well as terrorism by the mentally ill, are beyond the scope of the present paper. This analysis is designed to deal with the basic problems which arise in the reduction of public purpose terror through the use of international law. Doctrines concerning terror, like other ones of international law, are not ends in themselves. Affirmatively, they are means to achieve values, and negatively, they may be used to preveint the destruction of basic values, in-

Some thoughts on the future of the International Court of Justice

Abstract: For some years the future of the International Court of Justice has been a matter of growing concern to supporters of international adjudication as a way of settling legal disputes between States This concern has also made itself felt inside the Organization of the United Nations, where the review of the role of the Court was a standing item on the agenda of the General Assembly for a number of years until the adoption on 22 November 1974 of resolution 3232 (XXIX) In this resolution the General Assembly inter alia expressed its satisfaction with the Court's 1972 revision of its Rules, and called upon States to have recourse to the Court more often

Japan's Fiscal System: An International Comparison

Abstract: The need for international comparative studies of national systems of public finance has increased immeasurably, especially since the establishment of international organizations such as the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund, following World War II, and because of the necessity for comparing, internationally, military expenditures, aid to developing nations, and tax burdens. Concomitantly the development of national economic accounting techniques for internationational comparative analyses seems to have significantly improved. However, such analyses are not necessarily securely grounded in theory.

The Maintenance of International Peace and the United Nations a Legal Analysis

Abstract: Born out of a manifest reaction against the scourge of war, the Charter of the United Nations constitutes a code of international behaviour established to serve a civilised society in its objectives of maintaining the international peace. A retrospective view appears to confirm that the Greek precedent of an international forum for the settlement of disputes, the Amphictiony, has inspired through the centuries eminent philosophers and politicians in their vision of an international society. Their dream became reality at the beginning of this century when the League of Nations was founded. Despite the failures of the League the idea of an international organisation serving the cause of peace survived its dissolution. On 24th October 1945, the Charter of the United Nations came into force establishing new procedures for the maintenance of international peace and security. Within the framework of the rapidly changing postwar international relations, the collective security system upon which the drafters of the Charter based the hopes of the international community proved Utopian, and preventive diplomacy soon became the Organisation’s new approach towards peace, as a positive result of the Cold War. The Suez crisis of 1956 marked the emergence of the new peace-keeping role of the United Nations. Until the formation of the United Nations Emergency Force the multilateral force idea had a limited application in world affairs. From that time onwards peace-making and peace-keeping became complementary in serving the purposes and principles of the Charter, the one by making available the procedures of peaceful settlement and the other by creating an opportunity for time and patience to contribute to the success of the peace-making processes. The present paper undertakes a legal analysis of the provisions of the Charter which constitute the framework of the Organisation’s peace-making and peace-keeping activities.