Showing papers on "Qualitative research published in 1970"
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the authors take an ontological and epistemic stance in relation to the four foundational problems: 1) Knowledge and its various forms; 2) Properties of reality and the doubleness of the situation; 3) How is understanding possible; 4) What are the fundamental questions that the researcher must ask himself before a study is designed?
Abstract: The aim of the article is to develop what counts as “generalizability” in qualitative research. By taking an ontological and epistemic stance in relation to the four foundational problems: 1)Knowledge and its various forms. 2) Properties of reality and the doubleness of the situation. 3) How is understanding possible? 4) The researcher’s role: What are the fundamental questions that the researcher must ask himself before a study is designed? we are able to approach the exploration of ”generalizability” in qualitative research. Methodological theorists agree that the question of applicability is essential in the discussion of “generalizability” in qualitative research. If the quantitative tradition’s requirement for replicability also has to be met, the pressing question during the article is what counts as replicability and applicability in qualitative research. In the exploration of what is involved in “generalizability” in qualitative research a combination of Gadamer and Flyvbjerg´s thinking are important sources for a reflection on the ontological and epistemic questions related to the four foundational problems. The ontological question of what establishes a situation is an essential interpretation for the finding. A situation is characterised by its quality of doubleness: it is unique and typical at the same time. People with each their unique story and life world constitute the uniqueness of the situation. And a situation is typical in the sense that fundamental experiences can be found in every situation. The typical is what we as people have in common. There will be typical traits and recogizable patterns in every situation. The finding show us that “generalizability” in qualitative research builds on recognisability and a challenge to practice as a practical reasoning.
94 citations
TL;DR: Three significant trends are found: first, biomedical and alternative health practices exist in parallel but are not mixed; there is little possibility of biomedical andAlternative health professionals working together; they prefer to stay separate; and although there is enormous socio-economic disparity between biomedical professionals and alternative healers, there is no tension between the two groups.
Abstract: Pluralism and the co-existence of a variety of different medical systems within a chosen context are common features in various settings. How do the different systems or practices interact? Is it plausible to develop an integrated health system (combining both biomedical and alternative medicines) within the national system in a medically pluralist society? This study was set in the urban slum of Balubad, located in Marikina city, The Philippines. It employed qualitative research methods, including individual interviews with a semi-structured questionnaire, and informal discussions. Two categories of respondent were selected by systematic and purposive sampling, and included community female and male respondents and practitioners of different healing systems. I found three significant trends: firstly, biomedical and alternative health practices exist in parallel but are not mixed. Secondly, there is little possibility of biomedical and alternative health professionals working together; they prefer to stay separate. Finally, although there is enormous socio-economic disparity between biomedical professionals and alternative healers, there is no tension between the two groups.
8 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: It is necessary to improve the professional training to improve communication skills and health education to treat cancer patients in Brazilian and Spanish patients.
Abstract: Objective: The aim of this study was to examine cross-cultural aspects of the disclosure of cancer diagnosis in Brazilian and Spanish patients. Method: A qualitative research was carried out in which 28 chemotherapy patients (14 Brazilian and 14 Spanish) were interviewed. Content analysis identified three thematic categories: 1) How the diagnosis was disclosured; 2) Context in which the diagnosis was disclosured; 3) Who disclosured the diagnosis. Results: Particularities in the diagnosis disclosure between the two countries was found. In Brazil, it still happens that patient can be referred to an oncologist without a satisfactory explanation about his health status. Although there are reports of diagnosis disclosure in the appropriate context (consultation), also there are reports informal disclosure (by telephone), without an adequate environment for the patient to be welcomed and able to express their fears and doubts. Conclusion: It is necessary to improve the professional training to improve communication skills and health education to treat cancer patients.
6 citations
TL;DR: Qualitative research can provide complex descriptions of the social world to better understand what people such as HEWs say and the meanings they give, thus providing explanations for some health problems outside disciplinary boundaries.
Abstract: Background Quantitative research is useful for answering 'how many' or 'how much' questions, while qualitative research helps answer 'why' and 'how' questions. Most research about health extension workers (HEWs) has been quantitative and few studies examine the experiences of HEWs themselves. This qualitative study draws attention to the gendered dynamics of human resources for health at the community level. Methods Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with 14 HEWs (two FGDs in Afar Region and two in Southern Nations Nationality and Peoples Region), and interviews with 45 HEWs from Afar Region, SNNPR and Adwa (Tigray Region) were conducted to identify how gender issues affected their well-being. Questions were designed to explore personal safety, stress, autonomy, self-esteem, family, other social relationships, as we wanted to analyze the extent to which these gendered issues affected HEWs in their day-to-day work. Results By employing female HEWs, the Health Extension Program (HEP) has seen substantial gains in 'practical' gender needs by improving women's access to, and utilization of maternal and child health services. Although the HEP has the potential to be gender transformative by providing employment for HEWs, there is limited evidence that it 'strategically' advances women's position. Many HEWs had heavy workloads, received low pay relative to other public sector jobs and lacked opportunity to transfer or upgrade their skills and advance within the health workforce hierarchy. Conclusion Qualitative research can provide complex descriptions of the social world to better understand what people such as HEWs say and the meanings they give, thus providing explanations for some health problems outside disciplinary boundaries.
5 citations
TL;DR: How a mixed qualitative research method was applied for analyzing maternal and child health policies in Malawi is reported and it is suggested that, as an emerging research field, health policy analysis will benefit more from case study designs because they provide rich experiences in the actual policy context.
Abstract: The question of why most health policies do not achieve their intended results continues to receive a considerable attention in the literature. This is in the light of the recognized gap between policy as intent and policy as practice, which calls for substantial research work to understand the factors that improve policy implementation. Although there is substantial work that explains the reasons why policies achieve or fail to achieve their intended outcomes, there are limited case studies that illustrate how to analyze policies from the methodological perspective. In this article, we report and discuss how a mixed qualitative research method was applied for analyzing maternal and child health policies in Malawi. For the purposes of this article, we do not report research findings; instead we focus our dicussion on the methodology of the study and draw lessons for policy analysis research work. We base our disusssion on our experiences from a study in which we analyzed maternal and child health policies in Malawi over the period from 1964 to 2008. Noting the multifaceted nature of maternal and child health policies, we adopted a mixed qualitative research method, whereby a number of data collection methods were employed. This approach allowed for the capturing of different perspectives of maternal and child health policies in Malawi and for strengthening of the weaknesses of each method, especially in terms of data validity. This research suggested that the multidimensional nature of maternal and child health policies, like other health policies, calls for a combination of research designs as well as a variety of methods of data collection and analysis. In addition, we suggest that, as an emerging research field, health policy analysis will benefit more from case study designs because they provide rich experiences in the actual policy context.
4 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the results of a qualitative study carried out about dropping out in four technological/agricultural high schools in Mexico, based on qualitative interviews with principals, teachers, counselors, students, and young people who dropped out of school.
Abstract: This article presents the results of a qualitative study carried out about dropping out in four technological/agricultural high schools in Mexico. The research was based on qualitative interviews with principals, teachers, counselors, students, and young people who dropped out of school. The main reason is no longer economic, thanks to the scholarship policy, but failing grades. Failure is associated with academic deficits, absenteeism and lack of interest. Its reasons are also associated with family problems, a lack of economic resources, parental disinterest in their children’s education, health issues and teenage pregnancy. Conclusions discuss the policy of flexibilization of accreditation criteria.
4 citations
TL;DR: Discursive expressions of sexuality issues are becoming complex than ever in this generation and further research is needed to reach this group with a variety of interventions through concurrent triangulation of qualitative research and longitudinal studies.
Abstract: Background Sexuality is a central aspect of being human throughout life. Discourse analysis is used to understand discussion, conversation, talk, dialogue, debate, consultation and chat in the people perception and language. Therefore, this study aims to explore sexuality and sexual health perspectives among Wachemo University students in Ethiopia. Methods This qualitative study was conducted in Hosanna Town among Wachemo University students. A criterion related sampling (purposive sampling) was used to select a variety of young people. Eight focus group discussions and four in-depth interviews were used to collect data. Data was transcribed first and translated from Amharic into English. Atlas ti.7 software was used to analyze data. Then, their discourses were stated in narration and direct quotation. Result Discursive explanation of words and languages differ in different sub-cultures and societies. Languages and vocabularies were mostly attached to sexual relationships, love, affiliation and intention to be intimate with the opposite sex on a campus. This affiliation is known as "campus life". The students' perspectives of what constitutes sexuality and sexual health were quite consistent. However, approaching opposite sex with unique languages and words depends on individual talents. Conclusion Discursive expressions of sexuality issues are becoming complex than ever in this generation. Therefore, further research is needed to reach this group with a variety of interventions through concurrent triangulation of qualitative research and longitudinal studies.
3 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: The article argues the importance of extending the reception analysis beyond of one or another specific cultural product and considering the study of the comunicacional process from receptor point of view (perspective) to demonstrate as the combination of methods takes care of the complexity of the COMUNICACional process.
Abstract: This article has aims to present and to debate the theoritical and methodological proposal applied in reception research carried out, between 2002-2004, in two big companies in the Sao Paulo city. This reception research combined quantitative and qualitative methods and studied the reception of the communication having the world of the work as mediation place. The article clarifies the theoretical presuppositions of the research and searchs to demonstrate as the combination of methods takes care of the complexity of the comunicacional process. Moreover, it argues the importance of extending the reception analysis beyond of one or another specific cultural product and considering the study of the comunicacional process from receptor point of view (perspective).
1 citations
TL;DR: The authors found that multiple factors influence people's choices about paid work, and that different approaches suit different people in different situations, and highlighted the importance of providing an environment that supports people's choice to be involved in employment, and to care for their loved ones.
Abstract: The Department o f Labour and the National Advisory Council on the Employment o f Women (NACEW) commissioned research to identify the factors that influence people 's decisions surrounding paid work, and to provide a better picture of the decision making process. Fifty qualitative interviews were undertaken with people with primary caring responsibilities for children and/or adults, or in a few cases, shared caring responsibility with their partner. This study found that multiple factors influence people's choices about paid work, and that different approaches suit different people in different situations. Participants made decisions that, as far as possible, balanced their beliefs about caring with their commitment to work and their need for intellectual satisfaction, social contact and money. Their decisions were based on their personal preferences, rather than on information about financial benefits or services that might support them in their role. The research also highlighted the importance of providing an environment that supports people's choices to be involved in employment, and to care for their loved ones. The study has identified a number of areas for further work.
1 citations
01 Jan 1970
TL;DR: In this article, the concept of innovation adoption within a HE context, factors impacting on the adoption process, and the relationships between the identified phenomena, without explaining the reasons behind these relationships.
Abstract: Accelerated skills development and an unconditional pursuit to enhance competencies on numerous levels are two key physiognomies of the post-recession phase of 2008 in South Africa. The research was informed by a contextual perspective, and relied on interpretive, constructivist epistemology to reveal these phenomena. The primary research question driving this qualitative study was to analysis the concept of innovation adoption within a HE context, factors impacting on the adoption process, and the relationships between the identified phenomena, without explaining the reasons behind these relationships. This study could serve to inform and focus such policies and paradigms or direct further research. Recognizing and rewarding innovation adoption in the institution could be extended and enhanced.Case Study ?
1 citations
TL;DR: A methodological vision is shown that includes some tasks while analyzing qualitative data such as codification, categorization, and theorization processes supported on ATLAS.ti software.
Abstract: The main purpose of this work is to characterize and describe, from a critical perspective, “grounded theory” as a theory construction strategy through networks and conceptual constructs; another objective is to present some theoretical and conceptual guidelines, principles and processes to develop qualitative research by applying comparative constant method supported by Glaser and Strauss (1967), whose philosophy is reach related theories from the reality observed, taking as a baseline its stakeholders phenomenon world. It is shown a methodological vision that includes some tasks while analyzing qualitative data such as codification, categorization, and theorization processes supported on ATLAS.ti software.
Finally, a study case is presented, a case related to Characterization of Quality Management of Academic-Managerial Educators, who work on Postgraduate Directions |in Ecuadorian universities; this case was based on an emergent qualitative research.