Showing papers on "Ram air turbine published in 1991"

Gas turbine engine powered aircraft environmental control system and boundary layer bleed

Abstract: An aircraft gas turbine engine is provided with a starting air turbine that is directly connected through the starter gearbox to the high pressure (HP) shaft and is provided with an apparatus to extract excess energy from engine compressor bleed air, return it to the engine, and to start the engine with compressed air from starting air sources, and to cool and provide compressed air for powering the Environmental Control System (ECS) and using the bleed air for cabin refreshening. The air turbine may be connected to a nacelle boundary layer bleed compressor to bleed boundary layer air from a forward portion of the nacelle to reduce nacelle surface drag. The ECS may be provided with a wing boundary layer bleed means which uses a cooling air fan in the ECS to draw cooling air through the heat exchangers in the ECS pack from the boundary layer air from a forward portion of the aircraft's wing to reduce its surface drag.

Aircraft cabin air conditioning system with improved fresh air supply

Abstract: An improved air conditioning system is provided for an aircraft, particularly with respect to providing an enhanced supply of fresh air to the aircraft cabin or cockpit. The system includes a dual inlet turbine driven at least in part by pressurized bleed air from an aircraft engine, wherein the turbine expands and cools the air preparatory to supply thereof as conditioned air to the aircraft cabin. During relatively low altitude operation, the bleed air flow is supplemented by compressed fresh air discharged from a turbine-driven compressor and supplied to the dual inlet turbine. At relatively higher altitude operation, this fresh air flow is bypassed around the turbine for addition to the bleed air flow at a downstream side of the turbine, and the entire nozzle area of the turbine is opened to the bleed air flow.

Turbine blade with metallic attachment and method of making the same

Abstract: A turbine blade (1), for example, for a ram air turbine engine, and method of making the turbine blade, wherein the turbine blade (1) includes a blade retention insert member (2) having a hub connector (3). The turbine blade (1) is fabricated by using sheet molding compound consisting essentially of discontinuous short fibers (7) initially random spaced within a polymer matrix sheet. A plurality of sheets of sheet molding compound are precut to a desired configuration or shape and placed in a heated blade mold. Heat and pressure are applied to the mold causing the sheet molding compound to flow around the blade retention insert member (2) and fill the mold cavity. The flow of the sheet molding compound causes the initially randomly oriented short fibers (7) to preferentially align in the direction of flow to rigidify the turbine blade (1). Fiber woven cloth skins (8) may integrally molded with the sheet molding compound during the compression molding process to accommodate high loads, and an aluminum chopped strand veil cloth (9) may also be integrally molded into the blade (1) or layers of conductive material may be deposited on at least portions of the surface of the turbine blade (1) during a secondary operation. At least one woven cloth material (6) may also be integrally molded into the turbine blade (1) to react to bending loads and to provide additional load transfer capabilities.

Electric power conversion system

Abstract: The low head energy in for example a river flow is used to provide electrical energy by directing the water through a duct (70), and by inducing air into the duct to create an air flow which is drawn over an air turbine (76) to excite same, and thereby produce electrical energy. The air can be introduced into the flowing water in the duct by a switching arrangement to ensure that no bubbles or pockets of air travel along with the water, which impairs efficiency. The duct may be in the shape of an anti-gravity course (70) to prevent the bubbles from travelling.

Method and apparatus for deploying ram air turbine and lubricating gear drive therefrom

Abstract: Drag produced by cold, viscous oil, interacting with the gear meshes of a gear drive (8) connected to a ram air turbine (2) of an aircraft (1), is controlled to allow proper start-up of the ram air turbine. The lubricating oil is isolated from the gear meshes in remote sumps (11, 12) when the turbine is located in the stowed, inoperative position. An oil metering orifice controls the oil flow from the remote sumps to gearbox sumps with movement of the turbine from the stowed position (A) to the deployed position (B), so as to delay the application of cold, viscous coil to the gear meshes until after start-up of the turbine. This avoids excessive start times and failure to start from the high drag caused by cold, viscous oil on the gear meshes.

Device for spreading a sheet of water

Abstract: The device is to be mounted on a lightweight vehicle (B). It comprises a system bringing together air-propulsion means in the form of an air turbine (1), and means of spreading using an air flow. These means are combined in such a way that the air flow necessary for operating the spreading means is produced by the air turbine (1). In addition, a set of wheels (21, 22) may be provided for the vehicle (B). Applications especially in the field of aquaculture and of agriculture on flooded ground.

Auxiliary power equipment

Abstract: A ram air turbine (2) is deployable in an emergency from a stowed position within an aircraft fuselage (5) into the slipstream The rotary motion is passed by a gear train (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17) to a hydraulic pump (6) to generate hydraulic power for control the aircraft The RAT (2) has a single blade (8) balanced by a counterweight (9) making the equipment more compact than multi-bladed arrangements In another arrangement the turbine has two blades wherein one blade is longer than the other

Cold-air refrigerating system - uses air from IC engine turbocharger expanded and cooled in air turbine

Abstract: The cold-air refrigerator is particularly for cooling or air-conditioning a room or space under high thermal load. It is driven by engine exhaust gases via an exhaust turbocharger. The entire exhaust from the engine (1) is delivered by the exhaust pipe (2) to a sufficiently-large turbine (3). This drives a first compressor (4) drawing in ambient air and passing it through a charge cooler (5). Part is then delivered to the engine air intake (8), the remainder (9) being tapped off, expanded via an air turbine (10) giving further cooling, and delivered to the room (11). USE/ADVANTAGE - Simple refrigeration or cooling system is esp. for driver`s cab of vehicle.

Coal gasification complex power generation plant

Abstract: PURPOSE:To respectively improve the efficiency and reliability of a power generation plant to cool a gas turbine with nitrogen of an air separation device by providing a mixer between the air separation device and the gas turbine and by providing a cooler between a compressor of the gas turbine and mixed air. CONSTITUTION:A coal gasification complex power generation plant is furnished with a coal gasification furnace 5, an air separation device 10 to supply oxygen as an oxidant to the coal gasification furnace 5, and a gas turbine 3. At this time, the gas turbine 3 constitutes a gas turbine device with an air compressor 1, a combustor 2 and a gas turbine generator 4. Then, nitrogen produced by the air separation device 10 is used as a coolant at a high temperature part of the gas turbine 3. In this case, a mixer 115 is installed in a pipe line arranged between the air separation device 10 and the gas turbine 3. Thereafter, a cooling air pipe line 111 is arranged between the compressor 1 of the gas turbine 3 and the mixer 115, and a cooler 99 is installed in this cooling air pipe line 111.

Quiet compressed air turbine fan

Abstract: A compressed air turbine driven fan having an axial blade fan impeller driven by a partial admission radial inflow air turbine, with both the fan blades and the turbine blades mounted on the hub rim of a single fan-turbine wheel. The turbine exhaust is discharged into a cavity surrounding the shaft of the fan-turbine wheel. In a preferred embodiment, a sound surpressing muffler made of plates having air passage offset from each other is provided with the cavity. Turbine exhaust air exists through the passages to mix with the fan flow.

Aircraft engine bleed system

Abstract: A gas turbine engine auxiliary compressor 24, for supplying air for de-icing, or air conditioning 70, in an aircraft is driven from a rotor of the gas turbine engine, via a variable speed drive 36, for operating the auxiliary compressor independently of the aircraft gas turbine engine compressor. Means 21 may be provided for bleeding boundary layer air oil a nacelle 10 or another part of the aircraft outer skin and feeding it to the auxiliary compressor. An air turbine 56 may be provided on a common shaft (58) with the auxiliary compressor and a valve 83 provided to direct an unused portion of the airflow from the auxiliary compressor to the air turbine to help power the auxiliary compressor. Compressed air from a ground supply 82, an on board unit 84, or another engine 88 may be supplied via valve 75 to the air turbine for on ground and in flight starting of the gas turbine engine through the variable speed drive. Alternative arrangements of the auxiliary components and alternative compressor/turbine/drive details are disclosed (figures 1 and 3).

Gas turbine engine

Abstract: A gas turbine engine comprises a single or multi-stage air turbine 2 rotated by air drawn through a tubular case 1 by a fluid jet ejected eg from combustor or other heating means 4 through the outlet of said case An air compressor 3 supplying compressed air to said combustor or to an equivalent apparatus is driven by said air turbine or optionally by both air turbine 2 and a second such turbine 8 fed with motive fluid derived from a superheater A propulsive fan may be driven by either or both said turbines, or a gas turbine driven by the products of combustion can drive a mechanical power generator and a means to utilise excess power from the air turbines may also be provided A hybrid air compressor may also be used embodied Closed or open cycle operation is referred to as is the use of electrical heaters and steam or carbon dioxide

Utilising process heat in cement-clinker process - thus reducing amt. of energy needed per tonne of prod.

Abstract: In the energy flow produced during the cement-clinker process, the hot clinker is introduced into a heat exchanger after leaving the rotating oven giving a temp. rise in the process gas of an air turbine after leaving the turbine, which corresponds to the required preheated combustion air. The clinker is then passed to a further heat exchanger which produces the heat to operate the same air turbine plant. The same process gas flows through the turbo compressor, the first and second heat exchangers, the air turbine and then as preheated combustion air flows into the rotating oven. The heat exchangers are of tubular or box-type design. The hot clinker is transported on a conveyor belt system, which travels through a stationary housing, whose walls are made of tubes. ADVANTAGE - The process reduces the amt. of energy needed per tonne of prod., reduces expenditure of appts. and improves appts. leading to a redn. in pollution levels.

Investigation Into the Adaptibility of the Modified Exhaust-Heated Gas Turbine Installation to the Operation With an Air Extraction

Abstract: This paper is a continuation of investigation into the possibilities of industrial application of the modified exhaustheated gas turbine installation with increased thermal efficiency, described in the ASME-Paper 90-GT-369. According to the author’s conception this turbine installation may be very useful when interacting with some chemical processing installations, e.g. by feeding a coal gasifier with pre-heated compressed air. It would then be a turbine system with an air extraction, performing a double duty. The heat contained in the air extracted from the gas turbine system plus the mechanical/electrical power produced create permanent full load conditions yielding the maximum thermal efficiency of the system. It has been found that for some point of extraction from a gas turbine plant of 33 % efficiency (without air extraction) the overall efficiency may raise to some 60 or even 73 %. This is possible due to the fact that the enthalpy increase of the extracted air is calculated with respect to that of the compressor inlet air. Moreover the air supplied to the gasifier does not expand in the turbine and does not perform any mechanical work.Copyright © 1991 by ASME

Protective device for objective lens

Abstract: PURPOSE:To suppress the sticking of splash of dust, steam, etc., to the surface of an objective lens for an industrial TV camera or a fiber scope device by providing a protective device with a rotary filter to be rotated by compressed air together with an air turbine wheel. CONSTITUTION:Compressed air 18 is supplied from an air injection tube into the inside of a fixing casing 10 fixed on the periphery of a lens holding cylinder 7 to be a monitoring fiber scope device and allowed to flow through the stationary blade 16 of a nozzle diaphragm 11 and the moving blade 17 of the air turbine wheel 14 to rotate the moving blade 17 and to rotate also the air turbine wheel 14 united integrally with the moving blade 17 and the bar-shaped rotary filter 15 fixed to the wheel 14. Since the rotational speed of the filter 15 is about 10,000 revolutions per min, the filter part except the center directly passes light, but the formation of a film-shaped filter prevents the objective lens from being infiltrated by the splash of steam, dust, melted metallic sputter, oxide scale, etc., from the external.

Marine structure with wave force utilizing function

Abstract: PURPOSE:To increase stability and improve the absorption function and conversion efficiency of wave energy by providing an air chamber at the front section of a buoyancy chamber, providing a wave energy converting device on the air chamber, forming the upper front section into a round shape, and providing a stabilizer and a buoyancy tank behind the above buoyancy chamber. CONSTITUTION:An air chamber 3 having a sea water inflow/outflow opening section 4 and formed into a round shape at the front upper section and having multiple partitions in the width direction is provided at the front section of a buoyancy chamber 2 formed into a shape perpendicular to waves 1, and a power chamber 5 is provided on each air chamber 3. A generator 6 and an air turbine 7 are provided in the power chamber 5, an air hole 8 is provided on the ceiling wall section of each air chamber 3, and air is sprayed to the air turbine 7 to rotate it. Sea water enter the air chamber 3 and between reinforcing plates 14 while this structure is held on the sea, and it is floated on the sea by the buoyancy chamber 2 and the buoyancy tank 10 with good balance. The air chamber 3 absorbs wave energy, the air in the chamber is compressed, and the air turbine 7 is rotated to generate electric power.

An Experimental Study on Performance of the Fixed-type OWC Chamber for Wave-Energy Conversion

Abstract: The present paper describes the experimental study on the fixed-type wave-energy conversion system, consisting of the OWC-type wave-energy absorbing chamber and the duct for the air turbine. For simplicity, a screen of wire mesh was employed in place of an air turbine in order to simulate its effects on OWC chamber. Experiments were performed at the towing tank in regular waves with the frequency range of 0.22-0.75Hz. Comparison wish the numerical prediction using a potential flow-based method [4] was made to validate the capability of numerical code. It was shown that the agreements between measured and calculated results are quite good, giving a confidence in prediction method. Simulation of air turbine using a wire-mesh screen was successful, at least in a qualitative sense, to investigate the inter action between the OWC chamber and an air turbine. Results also showed that the effects of a wire-mesh screen on chamber efficiency are negligible, and the present model can be effectively utilized for the practical use in ocean waves with the frequency range under 0.3Hz.

Method and device for wave power generation using continuous air chamber

Abstract: PURPOSE:To convert the majority of wave energy in to electric energy, even if the waves are long, by providing many air chambers in series in a traveling direction of waves. CONSTITUTION:A box 3, consisting of continuous bottomless air chambers 7 constructed with four side walls, a ceiling 2 and partition walls 1 provided perpendicular to a traveling direction of waves, is installed horizontally in the traveling direction of the waves so that a part of the box 3 lies under the mean water level. Air in respective air chambers 7 compressed by a wave top 14 rising up successively in which, is taken out to outside through exhaust valves 8 opening only outside provided on the ceilings 2 of the respective air chambers 7. Then the air is introduced to an air turbine generator through exhaust tubes 9 to rotate it for power generation, and similarly by a wave bottom 15 falling down successively in the air chambers 7 air is inhaled in the respective air chambers 7 through intake valves 11 opening only inside provided on the ceilings 2 of the respective air chambers 7, and by connecting the intake valves 11 to the turbine with an intake tube, the turbine can be operated with the inhaled air for power generation.

Thermodynamic Study of the Overall Performance of an Air-Turbine Steam-Turbine Combined-Cycle Power Plant Based on First-Law as Well as Second-Law Analysis

Abstract: The overall performance of an air-turbine steam-turbine combined-cycle power plant that is similar to a recent invention has been studied based on first-law as well as second-law analysis. It has been shown that the prerequisite for such a power plant to achieve a high overall performance is an air-turbine air-heater system having a high second-law efficiency which is not sensitive to the compressor compression ratio of the air-turbine cycle. For optimum performance, a moderate cycle pressure ratio (say 8 to 14) may be used for TIT of 1700°F (926.7°C).Copyright © 1991 by ASME

Turbo cannon (jet) device for fighting fires and combating pollution

Abstract: Device for fighting fires and combating pollution, which uses an air turbine system to project aerosols and pulverulent solids over a great distance. This device is fitted with a turbine and a water cannon which are able to project both liquid inhibitors and extinguishing foams. This cannon is located inside the turbine. It is possible to use the turbine and the cannon simultaneously or independently. This cannon/turbine device is particularly well-suited to be installed on board vehicles and aircraft and especially on board helicopters flying pollution- and fire-fighting missions. It may also easily be installed on all types of land vehicles or on ships, as well as on fixed structures.

Artificial island and construction thereof

Abstract: PURPOSE:To eliminate the necessity of a power plant using a fuel in an artificial island, and to make the environment of the island clean by providing a plurality of wave activated power plants for converting wave energy into electric power, along the outer periphery of a structure which constitutes the outer shell part of the artificial island CONSTITUTION:In an artificial island 1 which is formed in a substantially circular shape in the ocean 3, the outer shell thereof is built with the use of caissons 4, and a plurality of wave activated power plants 10 are arranged at the outer periphery of the outer shell Each of the wave activated power plants has a housing 11 opened at its lower section and divided into a first space 12 provided therein a generator 15 and a valve, and a second space 13 provided therein an air turbine 16 and a valve 18 Further, the vertical motion of waves causes air to enter and exit into and from the housing 11, and the air turbine is rotated by thus obtained air stream so as to generate electric power from the generator 15 Thereby it is possible to eliminate the necessary of a power plant using a fuel in the artificial island 1 and to prevent consumption of artificial energy