Showing papers on "Real image published in 1977"

X-Ray Image Intensifiers

Abstract: Publisher Summary This chapter describes that an X-ray image intensifier (XRII) is a device that converts an incident X-ray pattern to yield a visible-light image of brightness, substantially higher than a simple phosphor screen. In most XRIIs, the final image is considerably smaller than the incident X-ray pattern that facilitates the coupling of optical lenses to transfer the image to the final image receptor such as video pickup, eye, cine film, and many more. The brightness gain is achieved in two ways: first, by increasing the number of light quanta generated from a given region of the X-ray pattern and second, by reducing the size of the final image so that the quanta is emitted from a smaller area. The chapter also discusses that in almost all XRIIs, the X-ray pattern is converted to a light pattern using a phosphor and the brightness of the light pattern is then intensified. Many systems employ electron-optical processes to provide the quantum gain, even though this requires additional stages of quantum conversion; the light from the input phosphor is converted to an electron image by a photoemitter that forms the cathode of an electron-optical system. After gaining energy by passing through an electrostatic field, the electrons are converted back into a light image in another phosphor.

Digital video correlator

Abstract: A digital video correlator wherein a reference image and a live image are digitized and compared against each other in a shifting network to determine the correlation or degrees thereof existing between the two images. Fundamentally, the invention includes a video digitizer which divides live and real images from various sources into picture elements and digitizes those elements to fixed voltage levels. The digitized live image is passed to a dynamic memory consisting of a plurality of interconnected shift registers while the digitized reference image is maintained within a first set of shift registers comprising a portion of a processor. A second set of shift registers within the processor maintain therein a mask function. Yet a third set of shift registers within the processor are interconnected in parallel to the dynamic memory to receive, under control of a clock, the digitized data of the live image. As the live image data is shifted through the third set of shift registers, single-bit correlators interconnecting corresponding bits of each of the first, second, and third sets of shift registers, compare the digitized values of the corresponding bits, with such comparison being enabled or negated by the mask function. The outputs of all the single-bit correlators are summed together with that sum indicating the degree of correlation, on a bit-by-bit basis, between the live and reference images. Further circuitry is included to determine the point of best correlation between the two images and to normalize or take the mean value of the correlation output.

Panoramic image generating system

Abstract: A continuous panoramic image seen at infinity from an observation space E is obtained from a prismatic image whose facets consist of alternate and edge-to-edge real images I11, I12, . . . and virtual images I'21, 22, . . . , and by reflection of this prismatic image in a set of sperical concave mirrors MC1, MC2, . . . forming a reflection area. The real images are produced by a first set of image generators M11, M12, . . . The virtual images are the conjugates by reflection in the semi-transparent plane mirrors L1, L2, . . . of images I21, I22, . . . produced by a second set of image generators M21, M22, . . . Amongst other applications, that of ship-control training equipment.

Image stabilization system for continuous film scanning apparatus

Abstract: An optical scanner system such as a projector for the continuous transmission of images to provide image immobilization is provided. The optical scanner system includes an illumination system, a scanner mechanism, and a projection lens system. The scanner mechanism is capable of creating virtual images of successive film frames with at least one virtual image point of each film frame positioned on a stationary locus point and at least another virtual image point offset from the stationary image locus point and relatively movable during a scanning movement. The scanner mechanism can, for example, be of a reflective or refractive polygon geometry. The specific parameters of the projection lens system and illumination system recognizes the inherent limitations of the dynamic keystoning aberration in scanner assemblies and seeks to nullify its effect in the projected real image. The projection means is of a telecentric design. The illumination system is matched to the vignetting capabilities of the scanner and projection system to selectively illuminate different regions of a real image of each film frame so that the light transmission is progressively decreased in the region of each film frame when the relative movement of the real offset image point becomes progressively greater. Basically, the system deluminates during the greatest rate of defocusing of the real image.

Multiple Image Formation by Sampling Fraunhofer Diffraction Patterns

Abstract: Multiple image formation with the use of the spatial sampling filter without the aid of any optical accessories is presented. A sampling filter is placed in the Fraunhofer diffraction region of the coherently illuminated object. It transforms the light field in such a manner that it forms a set of real images spontaneously. The nature of that image formation is explained on the grounds of diffraction.

Image registration system for video camera

Abstract: An image registration system for a video camera is used in an optical information retrieval system in a manner to accurately register a pre-recorded image relative to the target of a T.V. camera. A light responsivearray defines the outline of an area corresponding in size and shape to that of the target and the image is simultaneously projected upon both the target and the light responsive array.In the event that the image is off-center with respect to the target, the light responsive elements serve to generate control signals for operating servo motors connected to mirrors for readjusting the light path along each of two predetermined axes. This movement causes the image (which is either transmitted to a monitor or which is later scanned from the target and recorded on a magnetic recording medium or the like) to be precisely centered or otherwise disposed at a predetermined position. According to a second embodiment the light responsive means has been disposed within the monitor whereby upon projection of the image at the monitor is sensed by the light responsive means. If the image is off-center or improperly oriented on the screen, control signals are generated for adjusting the light path transmitting the image into the camera so as to accurately register the image on the face of the monitor.

Process for reducing speckle noises in the reproduction of hologram

Abstract: PURPOSE:To reduce speckle noises produced in the reproduction of a hologram by reflecting a real image on a vibrating or rotating reflector and receiving the reflected light on an image device.

Corpuscular optics lens arrangement - projects image onto object by subsequent programmed drawing of picture elements onto object (NL 16.11.77)

Abstract: The appliance is for corpuscular optics, and projects a picture onto an object using subsequent programmed drawings of picture elements. It has a first object plane, in which a first screen emerges, to eliminate part of the beam produced by the optics. A first optical system forms a real image in a second object plane, with a predetermined enlargement from this screen. The second plane contains a second screen, this and the real image forming an imaginary screen. First electrically controlled deflexion units are located between the first and second object planes, so that they displace the real image in the first plane in a programmed way, and alter the shape of the imaginary screen. A second optical system forms the real image of the imaginary screen on the object. Second electrically controlled deflexion units displace the real image on the object.

Large-sized Holographic Interferometry in Real Image

Abstract: The recording of large holograms has been performed on photographic plates up to 1·5m2. Applied to holographic interferometry, this achievement permits the analysis of holographic real images of large models and the recording of the topography of interference fringes.

Synthetic aperture scanner for decoding a coded image produced by penetrating radiation, such as X-rays

Abstract: A system for decoding a coded aperture image of an object exposed to short-wave radiation from a plurality of point sources positioned in space in accordance with a given distribution. The coded aperture image is displayed by a cathode ray tube having its screen optically coupled to the entrance screen of an image intensifier tube. This image intensifier tube is effective to consecutively shift its entrance screen image in its entirety along a field pattern of lines. The images thus produced on the exit screen of the intensifier tube are transferred through a mask system having a transparency pattern related to the distribution pattern of said point sources, to a detector which position wise integrates the light transmitted through said mask system.

Position deviation measuring device - is used with semiconductor chip which can move from specified position in given plane

Abstract: The device has an imaging optics optical system for the chip or box part of the chip. A real image of the chip is projected onto an image plane which is conjugates with the plane of the object. The device is filled with at least two rows of photodiodes in the image plane not parallel to each other. An evaluation logic unit is connected to the rows of photodiodes. A signal is produced when any movement of the object takes place.

Lensless real-image camera.

Abstract: By hacksawing a Polaroid Super Shooter instant camera in two, a device can be made that solves the problem of recording real images (images that can be shown on a screen) for rapid evaluation in a laboratory. The real-image camera described here provides students, whose laboratory time is at a premium, with instant records of their work in an optics lab. The camera should also be useful for recording real images for optical measurements (interferometry, shadowgraphy, Schlieren, and deflection mapping) in research laboratories.

Eye tester with variable optical element patient input adjuster

Abstract: Corrective optics having continuously variable spherical, astigmatic, and prismatic functions are placed in a light path between a viewing patient and a projected target. Typically, the target is projected by a projector preferably through focusing optics in the form of a field mirror. The focusing optics serve the dual purpose of relaying to the patient the image of the target as well as focusing to the patient's eyeglass position a real image of the corrective optics. A patient has a patient input, typically a hand wheel, at or near his patient viewing station. The patient uses this input to vary the setting of the corrective optics. The eye examiner, at an adjacent eye examination station, is provided with a gear box having a clutch mechanism. The gear box includes examiner inputs for astigmatic and spherical correction to each eye as well as prismatic correction for both eyes. Through use of the clutch mechanism, the patient input at the patient viewing station can be routed individually or collectively to the various spherical, astigmatic, and prismatic corrections for either or both eyes. By utilizing specialized aligned targets and following simplified examiner instructions, direct patient input from the hand of the patient on the patient hand wheel into the variable spherical, astigmatic and prismatic optics is possible. Such input is specifically routed by the examiner to greatly decrease the time necessary for complete examination and eliminate much communication required for examination.