Showing papers on "Resource Description and Access published in 2000"

Preservation: Issues and Planning

Abstract: A reference guide covering the repair, maintenance and preservation of library or archive collections, providing an analysis of how to plan for and ensure the long-term health of an institution's collection in this digital age.

The Status of Library Automation at 2000

Abstract: PART 1. CATALOGING SOME IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS SINCE 1966 1966--MARC Pilot Project begins 1967--Ohio College Library Center formed as a regional processing center for academic libraries in Ohio 1968--Library of Congress begins distribution of machine-readable cataloging records 1970--Ohio College Library Center implements offline system for catalog card production 1971--Ohio College Library Center introduces online cataloging system 1971--University of Toronto Library Automation System (UTLAS) formed to extend automation initiatives begin by library's systems department 1972--Ohio College Library Center extends cataloging service to non-academic libraries in Ohio 1972--BALLOTS system becomes operational at Stanford 1973--Ohio College Library Center expands cataloging service to libraries outside of Ohio 1973--UTLAS introduces CATSS online cataloging system 1974--RLG formed 1974--MARC Applied Research founded; introduces MARCFICHE cataloging service 1976--BALLOTS cataloging service introduced to California libraries 1977--Ohio College Library Center changes name to OCLC Incorporated 1977--Washington Library Network (WLN) initiates online cataloging service for libraries in Pacific Northwest 1977--UTLAS becomes an ancillary enterprise of University of Toronto, separate from the library 1978--RLIN cataloging service initiated by RLG as outgrowth of BALLOTS 1979--OCLC signs first participating library outside of U.S. 1980--Informatics introduces MINI MARC turnkey cataloging system 1981--OCLC Incorporated changes name to Online Computer Library Center, but retains abbreviation 1981--OCLC Europe office established 1981--Auto-Graphics Interactive Library Exchange (AGILE II) system introduced 1982--Brodart introduces Interactive Access System 1983--Library of Congress replaces printed National Union Catalog with microfiche edition 1983--UTLAS incorporated as private company owned by University of Toronto 1983--OCLC establishes Enhance program as quality control initiative for contributed cataloging 1985--The Library Corporation introduces BiblioFile, first CD-ROM cataloging product 1985--UTLAS acquired by International Thomson Organization 1985--WLN becomes Western Library Network 1985--LSSI introduces videodisk implementation of MINI MARC turnkey cataloging system 1986--OCLC Asia-Pacific Services Office formed 1987--UTLAS introduces Japan CATSS implementation 1987--WLN introduces LaserCat CD-ROM cataloging product 1987--GRC International introduces LaserQuest CD-ROM cataloging product 1987--Gaylord introduces SuperCat CD-ROM cataloging product 1988--OCLC introduces CatCD cataloging product 1989--UTLAS introduces Chinese CATSS implementation 1990--WLN becomes private, not-for-profit corporation 1992--UTLAS introduces Korean CATSS implementation 1992--UTLAS acquired by ISM Information Systems Management Corporation 1992--Open DRA Net introduced on Internet 1995--OCLC Latin American and Caribbean Office established 1997--CATSS bibliographic utility acquired by Auto-Graphics; Impact/MARCit web-based cataloging service introduced by A-G Canada 1997--The Library Corporation introduces ITS.MARC web-based cataloging service 1999--OCLC acquires WLN BACKGROUND Cataloging is a mission-critical library operation. Reference, collection development, circulation, serials control, document delivery, resource sharing, and other library activities depend on informative, reliable descriptions of books, periodicals, and other library materials. Computerization of cataloging is consequently essential for successful automation of other library operations. …

Representation and Organization of Information in the Web Space: From MARC to XML

Abstract: Introduction The notion of information representation and organization traditionally means creating catalogs and indexes for publications of any kind. It includes the description of the attributes of a document and the representation of its intellectual content. Libraries in the world have a long history in recording data about documents and publications; such practice can be dated back to several thousand years ago. Indexes and library catalogs are created to help users find and locate a document conveniently. Records in the information searching tools not only serve as an inventory of human knowledge and culture but also provide orderly access to the collections. Just like every other business and industry, the representation and organization of information in the network era has gone through dramatic changes in almost every stage of this process. The changes include not only the methods and technology used to create records for publications, but also the standards that are central to the success and effectiveness of these tools in searching and retrieving information. Today the library catalog is no longer a tool for its own collection for the library visitors; it has become a network node that users can visit from anywhere in the world via a computer connected to the Internet. The concept of indexing databases is no longer just for newspapers and journal articles; it has expanded into the Web information space that is being used for e-publishing, e-businesses, and e-commerce. The heart of such a universal information space lies in the standards that make it possible for different types of data to be communicated and understood by heterogeneous platforms and systems. We all know that TCP/IP allows different computer systems to talk to each other and to understand different dialects of networking language; in the world of organizing information content, the content is represented by terms either in natural or controlled language or both. The characteristics of its container (book, journal, film, memo, report, etc.) will be encoded in certain format for computer storage and retrieval. Libraries in the world have used MAchine Readable Cataloging (MARC) (Library of Congress, 1999) to encode information about their collections. In conjunction with cataloging rules, such MARC format standardized the record structure that describes information containers, i.e., books, manuscripts, maps, periodicals, motion pictures, music scores, audio/video recordings, 2-D and 3-D artifacts, and microforms. The Online Computer Library Center (OCLC) in Dublin, Ohio is the largest and the busiest cataloging service in the world. Almost 33,000 libraries from 67 countries now use OCLC products and services and more than 8,650 of them are OCLC members. As e-publishing thrives and Web information space grows, libraries have expanded conventional cataloging of their collections into organizing the information on the Web. In the early 1990s, OCLC started the Internet cataloging project, in which librarians from all types of libraries volunteered to contribute MARC records they created for Gopher servers, listserves, ftp and Web sites, and other networked information resources (OCLC, 1996). Another major undertaking in organizing information on the Web is OCLC's Metadata Initiative (Dublin Core Metadata Initiative, 1999) inaugurated in 1995, which proposed a metadata scheme containing 15 data elements. Among them are title, creator, publisher, subject, description, format, type, source, relation, identifier, and rights. The metadata scheme was named after the city where OCLC is located: Dublin Core Metadata Element Set (Dublin Core for short). Since its debut, it has become an important part of the emerging infrastructure of the Internet. Many communities are eager to adopt a common core of semantics for resource description, and the Dublin Core has attracted broad ranging international and interdisciplinary support for this purpose. …

World Libraries on the Information Superhighway: Preparing for the Challenges of the New Millennium

Abstract: Libraries and the Internet - Policy and Practice in the 21st Century Building National Collections of Internet Publications Connectivity, Content and Collaboration - the Canadian Digital Library Experience Deposit of Digital Publications - a Pragmatic Strategy for Analysis National Library of Korea - South Korean Government Run Digital Library - RISS and KRIC Trends in Web-Based Service in Academic Libraries Impact of the Internet on Malaysian Libraries The University of Queensland Cybrary - a Virtual Library in a Wired University Towards the People's Network - UK Developments and the World of the EARL Consortium Providing Multilingual Internet Services in the Global Information Environment - World LinQ&trade, Project, Queens Library Practices An Analysis of Using Expert Systems and Intelligent Agents for the Virtual Library Project at the Naval Surface Warfare Centre - Carderock Division Subject Access to Quality-Assured World Wide Web Resources - Strategies for Information Professionals Progress and Prospects for Estonian Libraries The Growing Support Crisis in Federal STI Remote Access - the Development of Information Services and Technology in the Global South Libraries on the Information Highway - Issues and Lessons Learned.

The Emerging Global Bibliographic Network

Abstract: Catalogers have become interdependent in their pursuit to provide bibliographic control and access. This interdependency has brought with it the need for greater agreement in applying common cataloging policies and rules. The expanded application of AACR2 is fostering greater uniformity in the provision of bibliographic description and access. The rules have been translated into numerous languages and used in European, Middle Eastern, and Latin American countries. Cataloging committees and individual libraries in Europe and South Africa have expressed strong interest in adopting, adapting, or aligning with AACR2. PCC is one of the most successful cooperative cataloging efforts and has a considerable international component, which encourages the use of AACR, LCSH, and MARC. AACR2 is successful on an international level because it is based in internationally developed standards, including ISBDs and the Paris Principles. ISBDs and the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records are examples of the contributions that IFLA has made to the internationalization of cataloging. IFLA sponsored the international conference that resulted in the Paris Principles as well as subsequent projects to craft international policy in relation to uniform headings for persons, corporate bodies, and titles.

IFLA Section on Cataloguing

Abstract: The Bibliographic Control Division of the International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) consists of three sections: bibliography, cataloging, and classification. The cataloging section, which focuses on descriptive cataloging, is one of the oldest within IFLA, having been founded in 1935 as the IFLA Committee on Uniform Cataloguing Rules. It became the Committee on Cataloguing in 1970. The committee played a key role in planning and convening the International Conference on Cataloguing Principles held in Paris in 1961 and the International Meeting of Cataloguing Experts held in Copenhagen in 1969. The Copenhagen conference provided the impetus to develop the International Standard, Bibliographic Descriptions (ISBD). The Committee on Cataloguing established a systematic process for the revision of the ISBDs. The cataloging section focuses on traditional cataloging standards and on the impact of electronic resources and technology on these standards. The section has initiated several projects at the international level to facilitate access to information.

Cataloging @ 2000: Over 100 Years of Change at The University of Colorado Law Library

Abstract: SUMMARY The University of Colorado Law Library has provided access to its collections for over 100 years. This article recaps the evolution of those efforts with emphasis on current issues such as defining a cataloging philosophy, cataloging Internet resources in a Web catalog, using genre terms, and using the Internet to increase productivity. Major historical trends in cataloging law collections in general are also discussed.

The National Library of Canada: Organizing Information for the New Millennium

Abstract: SUMMARY The authors outline the role played by the National Library of Canada in realizing bibliographic control of Canadian publications, and recount the Library's current and future bibliographic programs at the beginning of the twenty-first century. The historical context is summarized, including the legislative underpinnings of the national bibliography Canadiana, and the development of cataloguing policy and practice traced. The National Library's tradition of bilingual (English/French) cataloguing in accord with Canadian law and culture is explained. The organization of the cataloguing function and programs at the National Library of Canada is elaborated, and the importance of staff and their evolving skills highlighted. The article concludes with an overview of the challenges facing the National Library of Canada at the conclusion of the twentieth century, and its plans to recast the bibliographic dream of former times in the light of technological, cultural and social forces of today and tomorrow.

Guidelines for Public Libraries in the 21st Century.

Abstract: This paper highlights some of the issues that arose during the drafting of a revised version of the IFLA (International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) Guidelines for Public Libraries. The sections of the new document are outlined as follows: (1) The Role and Purpose of the Public Library; (2) The Legal and Financial Framework; (3) Meeting the Needs of the Users; (4) Collection Development; (5) Human Resources; and (6) The Management and Marketing of the Public Library. Three key roles of the public library (i.e., education, information, and personal development) are discussed. Other issues addressed include: the importance of determining priorities; competition with other organizations; changes due to developments in information technology; access to information and communications technology; community needs analysis; customer care; development of collection standards; effective leadership; and marketing and

Managing Cataloging and Cataloging Operations–2000 and Beyond at the Library of Congress

Abstract: SUMMARY The article focuses on initiatives and innovations undertaken at the Library of Congress (LC) during the past decade and the first decade of the new century that affect LC cataloging-including its implementation of a new integrated library system, its digital resources activities, its adoption of the core level bibliographic record, and its role as secretariat of the Program for Cooperative Cataloging. In reviewing these initiatives, the article underscores the challenges LC faces as the de facto national library in managing cataloging and the organization of information. The author highlights how LC enterprises help point the way for cataloging, both at LC and within the larger library community.

Cataloging in Three Academic Libraries: Operations, Trends, and Perspectives

Abstract: This article describes the cataloging operations and management in three medium-sized academic libraries-Oregon State University, University of Houston, and Colorado State University. It provides an overview of the staffing and organizational structure of the cataloging department in each library. Faced with similar challenges from constantly changing environments brought about by technology and institutional pressure to achieve more with less, library technical services in these three libraries, cataloging in particular, are developing some common strategies for coping. These trends include: (1) changing the roles and responsibilities of both professional and support staff, (2) designing workflow around library systems and limited personnel resources, (3) mainstreaming government documents cataloging and processing into technical services, (4) using technology to increase cataloging efficiency, and (5) dealing with bibliographic control of current electronic resources and moving into digitization and metadata arenas.

The School Library Media Center in the Digital Age: Issues in the Cataloging of Electronic Resources

Abstract: SUMMARY In May J999 a survey was distributed to 214 school library media specialists to explore the ways in which school library media centers provide access to electronic resources such as educational software, interactive multimedia, and Internet resources. Thesurvey also addressed the use of curriculum enhancements to the MARC formal, including fields 856, 658, 526, and 521 in school library catalogs. Results show that while direct-access electronic resources are being fully integrated into collections and services in the library media center, Internet resources are not yet at that point and most library media center catalogs do not reflect the use of curriculum-enhanced MARC for electronic or other materials. The need to develop cooperative cataloging ventures to create curriculum linkages for electronic educational resources is identified.

Outreach at a Public, Academic, Regional Library- Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi

Abstract: Summary Bell Library at Texas A&M University-Corpus Christi has reached beyond its walls to utilize as well as to enrich the diverse community resources in our midst. In terms of distance education library support, the purpose is to compensate libraries that support A&M-Corpus Christi students living in their locales. In terms of consortium arrangements, we have played an integral part in the creation of the Coastal Bend Health Information Network, which is a unique blend of local college/university libraries and local hospitals. We have implemented the rather novel idea of having a specialized library, specifically a hospital library, outsource its library operations to our university library. When the local Art Institute of South Texas was brought under the university's organizational umbrella, Bell Library's contribution was to provide acquisition, processing, and cataloging support for Art Institute library holdings. We have entered into a Memorandum of Understanding with a “sister library” in Mexico....