Showing papers on "Restructuring published in 1974"

Accumulation and development: a theoretical model

Abstract: In this article Samir Amin sets out the core of his model of the global accumulation of capital. In it he defines two distinct patterns: one applying to development at the centre, the other to dependent development in the periphery. Central development is characterised by the dominance of economic activity to satisfy mass consumer needs and the consequent demand for production goods. The power of the masses is enlisted in a ‘social contract’ which allows the establishment of a limited economic viability, at a national level. However, the internationalisation of productive capital increasingly threatens that stability. The peripheral systems are dominated by production of luxury goods and exports and the consequent lack of importance of internal mass markets. This leads to growing inequality, technological dependence, political weakness among the oppressed — in sum, marginalization. Restructuring of these economies requires a break with the international economy, and self‐centred development which establis...

Defining and Measuring Structural Variations in Interorganizational Arrangements

Abstract: 1 Committee for Economic Development, Reducing Crime and Assuring Justice (New York: Committee for Economic Development, 1972), pp. 30-31. 2 President's Commission on Law Enforcement and Administration of Justice, The Challenge of Crime in a Free Society (Washington, D.C.: Superintendent of Documents, 1967); J. L. McCausland, "Crime in the Suburbs," in Charles Haar (ed.), The End of Innocence: A Suburban Reader (Glenview, Ill.: Scott, Foresman, 1972), pp. 61-64; Daniel L. Skoler and June M. Hetler, "Governmental Restructuring and Criminal Administration: The Challenge of Consolidation," in Crisis in Urban Government: A Symposium: Restructuring Metropolitan Area Government (Silver Spring, MD.. Thomas Jefferson Publishing Company, 1970), pp. 53-75.

Societal contexts of transportation and communication

Abstract: Although it is an accepted fact that histories of cities mirror the histories of their transportation and communication systems, present day transportation planners seem to occupy themselves solely with the workings of transport subsystems rather than large-system effects. The author here concerns himself with this problem, and suggests that predecessor policies are essential to a productive, beneficial transportation scheme. Not only must the criteria for safety, cost, load, and design be met, but also for such factors as noise, vibration and air pollution. Transportation and communication processes are so enmeshed within the processes of social change and economic development that each must be considered as an attribute of the other. The technologies associated with transportation and communication have contributed immeasurable to the national's economy. But the benefits have been unequally distributed within society, having caused a massive restructuring of spatial patterns, suburbanization, and the inevitable concentration of the poor in the city center. The author suggests a set of synoptic policies that would seek to exploit potential technological developments for explicated social purposes.

Information and the New Movements for Citizen Participation

Abstract: The rise of new participatory citizen movements for consumer and environmental protection, peace and social justice are grounded in an almost intuitive understanding of the persuasive power of information. In many affluent economies, such as those of Western Europe, the United States, Australia and Japan, the overarching strategy of these citizen movements has been to manipulate information and, in turn, to change prevailing views of what is rational. Thus, their chief mode of operation consists of assembling, restructuring, deploying and amplifying well-validated information and, then, with varying success, infusing this new data with the political power to affect social and economic decisions. Since I am a participant in, as well as a chronicler of, these movements, my observations are experientially and empirically based. Therefore, I make no claim to objectivity in this review of the innovative concepts, strategies and tactics of such citizen movements and their significant contributions to the politi...

Black-Owned Banks: Issues and Recommendations

Abstract: In spite of the fact that the performance records of most black banks is not good, black banks are growing in number and have many advocates. But to improve their performances, black banks must adapt to social change and assume a new role: that of cooperation with white institutions by restructuring from within.

Private versus social decision-marking for railway abandonment

Abstract: The proposed restructuring of the northeastern railroads, with the possibility of abandonment of substantial mileage of lines and proposals for abandonments in Iowa and elsewhere, warrants attention to the relevant factors that should determine policy with regard to abandonment. This article presents the various elements that enter into abandonment decisions by individual railroads, and the additional elements, largely reflecting externalities, that should influence decisions about abandonment by the national government and the communities served. Various alternatives to abandonment, including transfer to local shipper-owned firms and to local governments, which allow internalization of some of the benefits external to the present companies are reviewed, as well as subsidy policy.

Assistance to industry in West Germany

Abstract: This paper has four aims: First, it surveys the assistance given to individual sectors and industries in West Germany and makes an attempt to estimate its magnitude in terms of nominal and effective rates of protection; in contrast to the previous calculations the estimates presented here deal with protection in a wider context by including all measures of non-tariff assistance and by relating industrial protection to protection given to other parts of the economy The second section of the paper discusses the objectives of assistance policy from a national and an international welfare point of view The third section proceeds with a comparative analysis of the impact assistance measures have had on factor incomes and resource allocation among industries Fourth and finally, some conclusions are drawn with respect to restructuring assistance policy

Rural development in Tanzania : a review of Ujamaa

Abstract: The Ujamaa based rural development effort of the Tanzanian government is evaluated. Tanzanian rural development strategy is aimed at spreading the benefits of development, encouraging collective and cooperative forms of rural economic activity, and creating a base for sustained economic and social transformation. The restructuring of rural society along socialist lines is to be brought about through the creation of Ujamaa villages and cooperative farm units throughout the country. Such a restructuring involves political, social, and economic aspects. There are several weaknesses in the Ujamaa approach. One weakness is an over-emphasis on equity and insufficient attention to production-increasing activities. Secondly, the Ujamaa approach has seriously strained the government's planning capacity. Thirdly, the rural development program has overextended the pool of national social services. Nonetheless, the clear conception of Tanzania's development goals, coupled with the sense of dedication maintained by the political leadership, make Tanzania a very favorable environment for development. 26 references.

A Critical Appraisal of the Restructuring of the NABC

Abstract: (1974). A Critical Appraisal of the Restructuring of the NABC. Political Science: Vol. 26, No. 1, pp. 68-78.

Is High School Guidance Counseling a Fraud

Abstract: The author diagnoses the ills of current high school coun seling practice and theory and makes specific suggestions for restructuring both. The article includes a breakdown of current and projected responsibilities.

Political Aspects of Economic Development

Abstract: Economic development means the level and the de facto progress of an economy as they result from the interplay of market forces, legislation, governmental policies and strategies. Societal development includes the development of the economy plus the growing complexity of the society, alterations of the psychological make-up, the distribution of skills and knowledge, as well as adjustive restructuring and expanding the capacity of political institutions. Multi-ethnicity is not an obstacle to economic progress per se, but it can be a delaying factor when relevant skills are unevenly divided and when the motivation for economic progress is unevenly distributed or is overpowered by the desire for traditional living.

Improving Working Life--The Role of European Unions.

Abstract: Efforts to humanize work are part of the broad worldwide concern for a better quality of life. On the shop floor and at the bargaining table, these efforts cover safety and health, improved systems of remuneration, job security, and better welfare provisions. Proposals to humanize work run the gamut of employer-employee relations from the early demand for "industrial democracy" first coined by Beatrice and Sydney Webb to the demand for worker representation on companies' boards of directors and for workers' control or self-management. More recently they have ranged to a demand for restructuring and reorganizing work to relieve the worker from the deadening impact of monotonous, repetitive, and boring work and pressures on the assembly line. A previous Monthly Labor Review article described efforts to make work more meaningful through worker participation in management decisions.1 This report describes attempts to restructure and reorganize work in several Western European nations and focuses on the role unions have played in these efforts.