Showing papers on "Sawdust published in 1969"

Microbial Dissimilatory Sulfur Cycle in Acid Mine Water

Abstract: Ferric, sulfate, and hydrogen ions are produced from pyritic minerals associated with coal as a result of autotrophic bacterial metabolism. Water carrying these ions accumulated behind a porous dam composed of wood dust originating at a log-cutting mill. As water seeped through the porous dam, it was enriched in organic nutrients which then supported growth and metabolism of heterotrophic bacteria in the water downstream from the dam. The heterotrophic microflora within and below the sawdust dam included dissimilatory sulfate-reducing anaerobic bacteria which reduce sulfate to sulfide. The sulfide produced caused the chemical reduction of ferric to ferrous ion, and black FeS precipitate was deposited on the pond bottom. A net increase in the pH of the lower pond water was observed when compared to the upper pond water. Microbial activity in the wood dust was demonstrated, and a sequence of cellulose degradation processes was inferred on the basis of sugar accumulation in mixed cultures in the laboratory, ultimately yielding fermentation products which serve as nutrients for sulfate-reducing bacteria. Some of the microorganisms were isolated and characterized. The biochemical and growth characteristics of pure culture isolates were generally consistent with observed reactions in the acidic environment, with the exception of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Mixed cultures which contained sulfate-reducing bacteria reduced sulfate at pH 3.0 in the laboratory with sawdust as the only nutrient. Pure cultures of sulfate-reducing bacteria isolated from the mixed cultures did not reduce sulfate below pH 5.5.

Artificial diet for mass production of the codling moth, carpocapsa pomonella (lepidoptera: olethreutidae)

Abstract: An artificial diet for rearing the codling moth is described. It is a modification of a casein–wheat germ diet that was initially developed for the cabbage looper. Agar was replaced by a mixture of wood sawdust, wheat flour, and wood pulp. Growth of microorganisms was controlled by sorbic acid and aureomycin, and by lowering the pH of the diet to 3.5 with citric acid. Production cost for dietary ingredients was about $1/1000 moths. The moths were slightly smaller than those reared on apple. When confined in cages, the sterilized diet-reared moths were somewhat less competitive than the apple-reared insects. However, sterilized diet-reared male moths released in an apple orchard dispersed more rapidly than sterilized apple-reared males.

Process for the manufacture of particle boards utilizing a dry organic binder

Abstract: A PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF BOARDS CONSISTING OF AT LEAST ONE LAYER, WHEREIN SAWDUST HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE BELOW 1 MM. IS MIXED WITH A QUANTITY OF BINDING AGENT RANGING BETWEEN 5% AND 15% OF THE WEIGHT OF THE DRY SAWDUST, AND A LAYER IS FORMED BY SPREADING THE MIXTURE IN A LAYER OF SUCH A THICKNESS THAT A FINAL LAYER OF A THICKNESS RANGING BETWEEN 0.5 MM. AND 5 MM. IS OBTAINED, AND BY SIMULTANEOUSLY APPLYING A PRESSURE RANGING BETWEEN 80 KG./CM.2 AND 150 KG/CM2 AT A TEMPERATURE RANGING BETWEEN 130*C. AND 180*C. A PROCESS IN WHICH AN AGENT INCREASING THE INTERNAL HEAT RESISTANCE IS ADDED TO SAID MIXTURE.

Uses for Sawdust, Shavings, And Waste Chips

Abstract: Although many outlets are available for the utilization of wood fines, economical disposal of sawdust, shavings, and waste chips remains a problem of growing concern to the wood industry. This report summarizes current uses for wood residues and provides sources of further information on available outlets, processing methods, and economic considerations. USES FOR SAWDUST, SHAVINGS, AND WASTE CHIPS

Sawdust material with quaternary ammonium halide odor-retardant

Abstract: SAWDUST MATERIALS HAVING ODOR-RETARDANT PROPERTIES CHARACTERIZED IN THAT THE PARTICLES OF SAWDUST CARRY A SMALL BUT EFFECTIVE, AMOUNT OF A QUATERNARY AMMONIUM COMPOUND, OR A MIXTURE OF SUCH COMPOUNDS.

A brown coal fertilizer product and process for preparing same

Abstract: Agents for improving the fertility of soil consisting of a mixture of brown coal and a material which is capable of being decomposed by bacteria such as Alpha -cellulose-containing waste residues, sugar-containing residues, sawdust and sewage sludge.

Fire Proof Building Board

Abstract: 1,158,460. Timber substitutes. W. R. GRACE & Co. 20 June, 1967 [1 July, 1966], No. 28465/67. Headings C3C, C3N and C3R. A building board comprises a blend of wood particles, unexpanded, expandable mineral ore, e.g. vermiculite or perlite, and a binder, and integral therewith on at least one side a layer or layers of compressed exfoliated vermiculite or unexpanded vermiculite ore. There may be a second layer, integral with the first, of exfoliated vermiculite. The board may be made by spreading in the bottom half of a press: (a) a mixture of exfoliated vermiculate and synthetic resin; and on this layer spreading (b) a mattress of wood chips, unexpanded vermiculite, and synthetic resin binder; and on this layer a futher layer of (a), and hot-pressing. The assembly may be cold-pressed before hot-pressing. The wood particles may be chips, flakes, shavings, splinters, or sawdust. The wood may have moisture content 7A2%. In (b) there may be 10-80 wt. per cent vermiculite based on wood. The binder may be ureaformaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, or melamine-formaldehyde. Paraffin-based wax emulsions may also be added. In a contrasting example (b) contains no vermiculite.

Performance of Asparagus sprengeri and Dracaena sanderiana in Different Potting and Rooting Media

Abstract: A search has been conducted for suitable native materials for potting and rooting mixtures as substitutes for peat moss in the production of ornamental plants in Puerto Rico. Materials such as sawdust, wood shavings, muck soil, residues from the tobacco industry, spent coffee, coffee parchment, dry coffee leaves, sugarcane bagasse, and peat moss were mixed with perlite, vermiculite, calcined clay, or sand and these various mixtures were evaluated as rooting media. Asparagus sprengeri did not grow well in tobacco residue or spent coffee mixtures. Potting mixtures made with dry coffee leaves and muck soil were as good as those made with peat moss. Sugarcane bagasse, wood shavings, and sawdust were intermediate in value as potting mixtures for plant healthiness and appearance. Dracaena sanderiana tops were placed in a constant mist propagator to root in different media. Wood shavings did not prove suitable for foiled or bound plants. Sugarcane bagasse, dry coffee leaves, coffee parchment, water hyacinth roots, and sawdust resulted in very stable bound plants comparable to those rooted in peat moss. Residues from the tobacco industry caused a basal-end rot but the cuttings eventually produced roots at the nodes.