Showing papers on "Schima wallichii published in 2011"

Population changes of early successional forest species after shifting cultivation in Northwestern Vietnam

Abstract: The population changes of early successional forest species, Wendlandia paniculata, Schima wallichii, Camellia tsaii, and Lithocarpus ducampii, were described and analyzed in a chronosequence of 1–30 year-old secondary forests representing regrowth after shifting cultivation in northwestern Vietnam, utilizing 51 temporary plots for stem census. Another five temporary plots were used for stem census in surrounding old-growth forest for comparison. In the first year after land abandonment, seedling stem density (H < 2 m) was 65,800/ha, increasing to 161,200/ha by third year, then sharply decreasing to 2,500/ha in 21–30 year-old forests. The sapling stratum (H ≥ 2 m and DBH < 5 cm) started to be recruited in the fifth year, increasing to reach a peak density of 4,530 stems/ha at year ten, then decreased to 580 stems/ha at year 21–30. The tree stratum (DBH ≥ 5 cm) achieved the maximum density of 600 stems/ha at year ten. Meanwhile, the density of all strata in the old-growth forest was 2,980 stems/ha. Sprouts played an important role, accounting for 34% at the first year then increased gradually to 73% at year 21–30. Total basal area attained a peak at 5.43 m2/ha at year ten; it was 4.9 m2/ha in the old-growth forest. These four species played an important role in providing ecological services for recruitment of other species during the first 10 years of fallow stand development, which increased to 35 species in 21–30 year-old secondary forest.

Vegetation Composition and Biomass Production in Community Forest in Sikre VDC adjoining Shivapuri National Park, Kathmandu

Abstract: The present study describes the structural and floral composition of the vegetation of Sikre Village Development Committee (VDC) at Shivapuri National Park. Systematic sampling technique was used to analyze the vegetation of the forest. A quadrat size of 10mx10m was plotted at respective point for tree study and within 5mx5m plots for shrubs and 1mx1m for herbs analysis. The study recorded a total of 18 tree species from 13 families in the forest area. Among the trees, Uttis ( Alnus nepalensis D. Don) and Chilaune [ Schima wallichii (DC.) Korth.] were the most dominant species. The major shrubs of the forest areas comprised of Yurilo ( Hypericum uralum Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don), Chutro ( Berberis aristata DC.) and Angeri ( Melastoma melabathricum L.). Among the herbs Bhui Amala ( Phyllanthus freternus Webster), Unyu [ Dryopteris filix -mas (L.) Schott.] and Banmara ( Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) were dominant ones in forest ground. The aboveground biomass of tree species was found to be 4021.41kg/ha in which Dhalne katus [ Castanopsis indica (Roxb.) Miq.] constituted the large percent of biomass of the forest. The estimated resources demand and supply showed the annual deficit of 112.038t/yr and the carbon stock was calculated to be 2.01t/ha. The Shannon Index of diversity was highest for tree (2.33) followed by shrub (2.22) and herb (2.17) respectively. The density of cut stumps and the density of lopping were 184/ha and 216/ha respectively, which showed that the anthropogenic pressure on community forest was prominent. Key words: basal area; biomass; species diversity; systematic sampling DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4135 Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 133-138

Trend Analysis and Purpose of Use of Some Important Plant and Animal Species of Ghandruk VDC, Nepal

Abstract: Ghandruk is one of the famous tourism VDC of Annapurna Conservation Areas (ACA). Trend analysis and propose of use of plants and animal species of Ghandruk Village Development Committee of Kaski district, western part of Nepal was carried out. A total of 54 plant species and 18 animal species with high local economic value were documented from structured questionnaire, interviews, key informants interviews, and focused group discussion with representatives and ACAP staffs. Trend analysis shows that most of the species increased during the past 20 years. All species are equally important for their purpose of uses. Michelia champaca, Schima wallichii, Castanopsis indica are very important trees for timber production. Quercus lamelossa, Q. semicarpifolia and Ficus roxburghii are very good fodder species. Alnus nepalensis colonizes landslides and degraded sites very successfully. Leaf extract of Ageratum conyzoides and fur of Lepus nigricollis is used to control bleeding from cuts and wounds. Medicinal plants, Terminalia bellirica, Terminalia chebula, Acorus calamus and Curcuma langa are used to control cough and bronchitis. The litter of plants is used to make compost fertilizer. Some animals were found the important medicinal purposes, some other used for control mouse populations. Some animals like Canis aureus and Martes flavigula , however, were found to be pests for domestic animals. DOI: 10.3126/on.v8i1.4319

Modelling the relationship between tree canopy projection area and above ground carbon stock using high resolution GeoEye satellite images

Abstract: Carbon stock estimation of above ground tree biomass is important for 'reducing emission from deforestation and forest degradation' (REDD) credit to mitigate climate change due to anthropogenic causes. Automatic delineation of individual tree crown (ITC) techniques results in a substantial error due to presence of intermingled canopy trees in the estimation of above ground carbon stock. The aim of this study was to establish regression models for the relationship of canopy projection area (CPA) with forest tree parameters, i.e., diameter at breast height (DBH), basal area (BA), biomass and carbon stock of standalone and intermingled canopy trees of dominant species for the prediction of above ground carbon stock. This study was carried out in subtropical broadleaf forest in Chitwan, Nepal. High resolution GeoEye satellite image was used for manual delineation of CPA of standalone and intermingled canopy trees of the dominant species. Above ground tree dry biomass was calculated from the field measured DBH using allometric equation. Above ground tree carbon stock was obtained by multiplying their dry biomass with the factor 0.47. Individual basal area of intermingled canopy trees was calculated separately and was summed up (ΣBA) along with the summation of their carbon stock (Σcarbon). Correlation analysis was carried out to assess the linear relationship between CPA, DBH, BA, biomass, and carbon stock. Four types of functions, i.e., simple linear, quadratic, logarithmic and power, were used to fit the data using least square regression method. Shorea robusta, Schima wallichii and Terminalia alata were found dominant tree species in the study area forest. The relationship of CPA with DBH of standalone trees was found linear with coefficient of determination (R 2) ranging from 0.63 for Schima wallichii to 0.69 for Shorea robusta and 0.74 for Terminalia alata. The relationship of CPA with biomass or carbon stock of standalone trees was also revealed linear with R 2 ranging from 0.53 for Schima wallichii to 0.62 for Terminalia alata and 0.65 for Shorea robusta. The relationship of CPA with ΣBA and Σcarbon of intermingled canopy trees of Shorea robusta was also found linear with R 2 of 0.29 and 0.25 respectively. Simple linear regression model resulted in the least error for the prediction of carbon stock of standalone and intermingled canopy trees.

Klasifikasi vegetasi gunung endut, taman nasional gunung halimun-salak, banten

Abstract: The research objective is to classify the variety of vegetation types at Mount Endut, Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. Vegetation sampling was carried out with systematic sampling with random start. Vegetation type at alliance level was determined with vegetation ordination using factor analysis. Four vegetation alliances can be extracted from the ordination. These alliances are Castanopsis acuminatissima-Schima wallichii/Freycinetia javanica (alliance 1); Castanopsis argentea-Dendrocnide stimulans/Schismatoglottis calyptrata (alliance 2); Coffea canephora var. robusta-Quercus lineata/F. javanica( alliance 3) and Paraserianthes falcataria-Coffea canephora var. robusta/Oplismenus compositus (alliance 4). Vegetation alliances form due to their similarity in structure, composition, and physiognomy of vegetation. There are four vegetation associations at alliance 1, i.e. Castanopsis acuminatissima vegetation association, Schima wallichii vegetation association, Garcinia rostrata vegetation association, and Quercus lineata- Eurya acuminata /Freycinetia javanica vegetation association. Alliance 2 has four vegetation associations i.e.Dendrocnide stimulans vegetation association, Coffea canephora var. robusta vegetation association, Castanopsis argentea -Castanopsis acuminatissima vegetation association, and Schismatoglottis calyptrata-Etlingera coccinea vegetation association.There are seven vegetation associations belonging to alliance 3 i.e. Castanopsis acuminatissima vegetation association, Coffea canephora var. robusta vegetation association, Quercus lineata vegetation association, Garcinia rostrata-Schima wallichii vegetation association, Euodia latifolia - Pternandra azurea/Schismatoglottis calyptrata vegetation association, Raphidophora foraminifera vegetation association, and Freycinetia javanica vegetation association. Alliance 4 has five vegetation associations i.e Paraserianthes falcataria vegetation association, Coffea canephora var. robusta vegetation association, Maesopsis eminii/ Erechtites valerianifolia - Clidemia hirta vegetation association, Oplismenus compositus vegetation association, and Clibadium surinamense vegetation association.

Community Characteristics of Monsoon Evergreen Broad-leaved and Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis Forests in the West Foot of Ailao Mountain,Yunnan

Abstract: There is large area of monsoon evergreen broadleaved forest(MEBF) remained at the lower part of west Ailao Moutain along Chuanhe Valley,with secondary Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis forest(PKLF) scattered around or within it.We employed typical sampling method to analyze and compare the species composition and community structure of MEBF and PKLF in this region.Field survey indicated that Schima wallichii,Castanopsis delavayi and Rapanea neriifolia were the dominant species of tree layer in MEBF,while PKLF was mono-species-formed by Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis.Thirty-six epiphytes were recorded on 29 trunks sampled in MEBF,but seldom was found on trees in PKLF.Shanonon-Wiener index of MEBF and mature PKLF were 3.32 and 1.70,respectively.MEBF showed more complexity in terms of species composition and community structure than PKLF,thus higher stability was expected in MEBF.Unfortunately,there were signs that MEBF had been severely affected by human activities.Thus,it is suggested that the protection of montane primary forests should be strengthened by means of minimizing anthropogenic disturbances,as well as integrating artificial horticulture practices,in the process of a better management of forest resources.