Showing papers on "Secondary research published in 2001"

Social Research Methods

Abstract: PART ONE ; 1. The nature and process of social research ; 2. Social research strategies: quantitative research and qualitative research ; 3. Research designs ; 4. Planning a research project and formulating research questions ; Getting started: reviewing the literature ; 6. Ethics and politics in social research ; PART TWO ; 7. The nature of quantitative research ; 8. Sampling in quantitative research ; 9. Structured interviewing ; 10. Self-administered questionnaires ; 11. Asking questions ; 12. Structured observation ; 13. Content analysis ; 14. Using existing data ; 15. Quantitative data analysis ; 16. Using IBM SPSS for Windows ; PART THREE ; 17. The nature of qualitative research ; 18. Sampling in qualitative research ; 19. Ethnography and participant observation ; 20. Interviewing in qualitative research ; 21. Focus groups ; 22. Language in qualitative research ; 23. Documents as sources of data ; 24. Qualitative data analysis ; 25. Computer-assisted qualitative data analysis: using NVivo ; PART FOUR ; 26. Breaking down the quantitative/qualitative divide ; 27. Mixed methods research: combining quantitative and qualitative research ; 28. Writing up social research

Social Research: Issues, Methods and Process

Abstract: Introduction Part One: Issues in social research Perspectives on social scientific research Social theory and social research Values and ethics in the research process Part Two: Methods of social research Official statistics: Topics and resources Social surveys: Design to analysis Interviewing: Methods and process Participant observation: Perspectives and practice Documentary research: Excavations and evidence Case study research Comparative research: Potential and problems Part Three: Research in practice Reflections on Research in practice

Qualitative Marketing Research

Abstract: PART ONE: SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH AND MARKETING Philosophy of Research Scope of Research in Marketing Design of a Research Problem Academic, Business and Practitioner Research PART TWO: QUALITATIVE RESEARCH METHODOLOGIES Justification of a Qualitative Research Methodology In-Depth Interviewing Case-Based Research Focus Group Interviewing Observation Studies Ethnography and Grounded Theory Action Research and Action Learning PART THREE: APPLICATIONS AND OUTCOMES OF QUALITATIVE RESEARCH Organizing, Processing and Visualizing Data Writing Qualitative Research Reports Integrative Multiple Mixes of Methodologies Qualitative Research Future Evolution

A Short Guide to Action Research

Abstract: Each chapter concludes with "Summary." I. RATIONALE. 1. Science, Research and Teaching. Science. Research. Teaching. 2. Research Paradigms and the Nature of Reality. Metaphysical Perspectives. Implications. 3. Introduction to Action Research. Research in Action. The Importance of Action Research. 4. Using Action Research for Solving Problems. Finding the Problem. Finding Solutions. Testing Solutions. An Example of Action Research and Problem Solving. 5. Strategies for Professional Growth--Preservice and Inservice Teachers. Preservice Teachers: A Tool for Seeing. Professional Development Schools. Action Research and the Professional Development of Teachers. II. THE PROCESS. 6. The Beginning. An Overview of the Action Research Process. Finding Your Research Topic. 7. A Theoretical Context. Reviewing the Literature. Sources for the Literature Review. Sample Literature Reviews. 8. Methods of Collecting Qualitative Data Data Collection. Types of Data Collection in Action Research. 9. Methods of Analyzing Qualitative Data Accuracy and Credibility: This Is What Is. Validity, Reliability, and Triangulation. Inductive Analysis. 10. Quantitative Design in Action Research Correlational Research. Causal-Comparative Research. Quasi-Experimental Research. The Function of Statistics. 11. Discussion--Your Plan of Action Conclusions and Recommendations. Evaluation of the Study. Designing a New Plan or Program. VI. SAMPLES. 12. Sample Action Research Projects. A Final Word. VII. WRITING AND REPORTING ACTION RESEARCH. 13. Presenting Your Action Research. Where to Share Your Action Research. The Educational Environment. The Professional Environment. Local Community Organizations. 14. Writing an Action Research Report. Tone and Style. Length. Clarity. Headings. 15. Action Research as Master's Thesis. Before You Start. The Action Research Thesis. The Last Word. 16. The Literature Review. A Theoretical Context. A Sample Literature Review. The Reference Page. 17. Findings--Reporting Qualitative Data. Presenting Qualitative Data. The Importance of Structure. Case Studies or Representative Samples. Appendices. 18. Findings: Reporting Quantitative Data Using Tables, Figures, and Graphs. Quantifying Reality. Tables. Figures. Epilogue.

Communication Research: Asking Questions, Finding Answers

Abstract: PART I. RESEARCH BASICS 1. Introduction to Research in Communication 2. The Research Process -- Getting Started 3. Introduction to Quantitative Research 4. Introduction to Qualitative Research 5. Research Ethics PART II. THE SPECIFICS OF RESEARCH METHODS 6. Measurement 7. Sampling, Significance Levels, and Hypothesis Testing 8. Quantitative Research Designs 9. Surveys, Questionnaires, and Polls 10. Descriptive Statistics 11. Testing for Differences 12. Testing for Relationships 13. Analyzing Texts 14. Designing Qualitative Research 15. Qualitative Methods PART III. READING AND WRITING RESEARCH REPORTS 16. Reading and Writing the Quantitative Research Report 17. Reading and Writing the Qualitative Research Report Appendix A: All Math and Statistical Formulas Glossary Index At the end of each chapter: Summary Checklist

Study Guide to Accompany Essentials of Nursing Research: Methods, Appraisal, and Utilization

Abstract: PART 1: Overview of Nursing Research Exploring Nursing Research 3 Comprehending Key Concepts in Qualitative and Quantitative Research 11 Overview of the Research Process in Qualitative and Quantitative Studies 23 Reading Research Reports 31 Reviewing the Ethical Aspects of a Nursing Study 38 PART 2: Preliminary Steps in the Research Process Scrutinizing Research Problems, Research Questions, and Hypotheses 51 Finding and Reviewing Studies in the Literature 62 Examining the Conceptual/ Theoretical Basis of a Study 72 PART 3: Designs for Nursing Research Scrutinizing Quantitative Research Design 83 Understanding Qualitative Research Design 95 Examining Specific Types of Research 104 Examining Sampling Plans 113 PART 4: Data Collection Scrutinizing Data Collection Methods 125 Evaluating Measurements and Data Quality 138 PART 5: Data Analysis Analyzing Quantitative Data 153 Analyzing Qualitative Data 170 PART 6: Critical Appraisal and Utilization of Nursing Research Critiquing Research Reports 183 Using Research in Evidence- Based Nursing Practice 202 Appendices A-G: Research Reports 213 Appendix H: Answer Key 313

In the flesh or online? Exploring qualitative research methodologies

Abstract: This article discusses the use of computer-mediated research techniques in a research project which investigates how people with disabilities engage with and use computer technologies. Identifying the rationale, process and experiences involved in the decision to engage in electronic research in this particular research topic will illuminate some limitations in traditional methods of qualitative data collection more generally. In responding to the opportunities presented by the information age, electronic research methods will substantially enhance the development of a more participatory research process. While incorporative research is imperative to the disability research agenda, the issue is no less critical to other aspects of the research enterprise.

Political Research: An Introduction

Abstract: Political Research: An Introduction has been designed to provide an excellent starting point for those new to the area of Research Methods. It assumes no prior knowledge of the subject and sets out the key issues involved in doing research in Politics. It guides students through a complex and often daunting subject by exploring the many concepts associated with the field, as well as offering practical advice on research practices and information resources. Features and benefits of this textbook include: * boxed case studies in each chapter to illustrate and clarify key concepts, and highlight the practical use of different research methods * a useful glossary, giving easy access to definitions of key terms * a dedicated web-site containing sample material, extra case studies, important links, and essential resources for both teachers and students.

Marketing Research: The Impact of the Internet

Abstract: Preface. PART ONE: AN INTRODUCTION TO MARKETING RESEARCH. 1 The Role of Marketing Research in Management Decision Making. 2 The Marketing Research Industry. 3 Problem Definition and the Research Process. PART TWO: CREATING A RESEARCH DESIGN. 4 Secondary Data and Databases. 5 Qualitative Research. 6 Survey Research: The Profound Impact of the Internet. 7 Primary Data Collection: Observation. 8 Primary Data Collection: Experimentation. PART THREE: DATA ACQUISITIONS. 9 The Concept of Measurement. 10 Using Measurement Scales to Build Marketing Effectiveness. 11 Questionnaire Design. 12 Basic Sampling Issues. 13 Sample Size Determination. PART FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS. 14 Data Processing and Fundamental Data Analysis. 15 Statistical Testing of Differences. 16 Bivariate Correlation and Regression. 17 Multivariate Data Analysis. PART FIVE: MARKETING RESEARCH IN ACTION. 18 Communicating the Research Results. 19 Managing Marketing Research and Research Ethics. Appe ndix 1: Comprehensive Cases. Appendix 2: Statistical Tables. Endnotes. Glossary. Index.

Handbook of online marketing research

Abstract: Fundamentals. The Research Process. Secondary Research. Qualitative Research. Quantitative Research. Sampling. Data Collection. Questionnaire Design. Applications. Market Research: Understanding the Market. Segmentation: Developing Target Markets. Competition: Assessment and Positioning. Existing Online Products: Audience Composition and Performance Testing. New Product Concepts. Development. Testing. Marketing. Tracking.

Producing Knowledge about 'Third World Women': The Politics of Fieldwork in a Zimbabwean Secondary School

Abstract: Fieldwork is a project in which, according to Rose (1997, p. 316), researcher, researched and research make each other, yet far more attention has been given to the making of the research and researcher than to the researched. Focusing on three aspects of the research process (the researcher's presence in the field, the research topic and the choice of methods), this paper uses examples from the author's own fieldwork to debate whether it is possible to shape fieldwork such that the knowledges created and consumed in the field by the researched serve to destabilise dominant discourses of race, gender and age.

Social Research: An Evolving Process

Abstract: 1. The Social Setting of Social Research. Examples of Studies. Is it Research? Who Does Social Research and Why? Social Factors in Research. Ethical Concerns in Social Science Research. Schematic Outline of Research Methods. SECTION 1. THE BASIC PLAN. 2. Conceptualization: What to Measure and Why? Forming Research Questions. Facts and Hypotheses. Theory and Its Value for Research. The Relationship Between Basic and Applied Research Objectives. 3. Finding and Developing Measures. Principles of Measuring. Measurement Techniques. Measurement Issues. 4. Study Design: Basic Contrasts and Plans. The Basic Logic of Valid Comparison. The Role of Time in Research Design. Design Options: Decision Patterns and Tradeoffs. Issues in the Choice of Research Design. 5. Sampling and Inference. Terminology. Why Sample? The Logic of Inference. Random Selection. Other Sampling Considerations. Other Types of Random Samples. Nonrandom Samples. Sample Size. SECTION II. THE PRINCIPAL RESEARCH METHODS. 6. Experimental Research. Principles. Techniques and Examples. Issues in Experimental Research. 7. Survey Research. Principles. Techniques of Survey Research. Issues in Survey Research. 8. Case Study Research. Principles. Techniques. Issues in Case Study Research. 9. Secondary Data Research. Principles of Secondary Data Research. Using Quantitative Data. Using Qualitative Data. Content Analysis. SECTION III. PROCESSING DATA. 10. Approaches to Data Analysis. Steps in Data Analysis. Statistical Analysis. Levels of Statistical Analysis. 11. Reporting the Results. Reporting Options. Writing the Research Report. Other Issues Related to Reporting. 12. The Organization of Research. The Research Tasks. Individual versus Team Research. Research as a Social Activity. Factors Favoring Team Research. Problems of Team Research. Task-Team Interdependence. The Education Factor. 13. Resource Considerations. Projecting Costs. Sources of Funding. Grants versus Contracts. The Research Proposal. Problems of Constraints. Other Issues. 14. Developments and Prospects. Themes. Uses of Research. The Point of it All. The Process of Knowing. Scientific Contributions. Developing the Process of Inquiry. Social Process of Inquiry. Appendix 1. Outline of Student Materials. Appendix 2. How to Create Random Numbers for Research. Appendix 3. Glossary. Appendix 4. Additional Research References.

Living the Theoretical Principles of "Critical Ethnography" in Educational Research.

Abstract: It would seem from the current rhetoric that United Kingdom Government agencies wish to promote teaching as a ‘research-based profession’. However, what that research might constitute in practice is far from clear. If the implication is that more teachers would themselves become engaged in the research process, become more researcher than researched, then there are significant issues to be considered by those embarking on such a venture. The difficulties of practitioner research are widely acknowledged (e.g. Ball, 1990; Atkinson, 1994). When the practitioner research is also small scale and the data gathered is qualitative in nature (which is often the case), the tensions can be numerous. This article discusses some of the issues that surround practitioner research and the validity of qualitative study before exploring my own practitioner researcher's route through a small-scale qualitative study. The author attempts to implement a ‘critically ethnographic’ approach and the dilemmas of trying to ...

Reporting Practice and Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Educational Research Journals.

Abstract: Appropriate use of exploratory factor analysis (EFA) requires a series of thoughtful analytical decisions. Adequate reporting of an EFA should allow external evaluation of the decisions made by the analyst. The present article (a) briefly reviews some of the decisions necessary in an EFA, (b) provides an empirical review of reporting practice in three educational research journals, (c) notes common errors in both EFA use and reporting, and (d) provides recommendations for improved practice. Comment on current practice and improved use of EFA is warranted given the frequency of use of factor analysis in educational research.

Understanding research: 1. Methodologies used to answer research questions.

Abstract: An awareness of the research process will help practitioners to critique study findings. This article, the first in a series about understanding research, describes the types of methodologies used.

Research in Family and Consumer Sciences Education, 1985–2000

Abstract: This review addresses significant events that have influenced research in family and consumer sciences education, major publication outlets, leading researchers, problems studied, methodologies used, and a summary of thesis and dissertation research completed from 1985 to 1999. Nearly three fourths of the 237 research articles reviewed were published in the Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences Education. Research topics focused primarily on professional roles and characteristics of family and consumer sciences educators, program evaluation, and priority issues including the need for family and consumer sciences teachers. Collaborative research efforts, focus on critical issues in family and consumer sciences education, use of interpretive frameworks and qualitative methods, and progress in using theory are cited as strengths. Challenges for future research include avoiding overreliance on empirical and survey methods, strengthening interaction between research and theory, increasing the number of individuals engaged in research on a continuing basis, and strengthening graduate student research.

The logic and opportunities of secondary analysis in entrepreneurship research

Abstract: Information is offered to help researchers accustomed to primary research to understand the nature, forms, and opportunities of secondary analysis of entrepreneurial datasets. This chapter supplements work published in 1992 and 1993. Secondary analysis is generally faster and based on higher quality research than primary analysis. The important role that these advantages of secondary research have played in entrepreneurship research is discussed. The types of secondary analysis available are described, including the degrees of freedom approach. Secondary analysis may refer either to statistical studies of previously existing raw data or of previously existing summaries of raw data. Finally, a variety of datasets and research opportunities are listed and overviewed, including those from published studies, commercial sources, the government, and nongovernmental archives.(LMH)