Showing papers on "Shipbuilding published in 1990"

Decision-based design - a contemporary paradigm for ship design

Abstract: For decades ships have been designed using the well known "basis ship approach" together with the equally well-known Evans-Buxton-Alexander spiral. The two principal limitations of the spiral are that the process of design is assumed to be sequential and the opportunity to include life cycle considerations is limited. In order to increase both the efficiency and effectiveness of the process of ship design a new paradigm for the process of design is needed. In this paper, recent developments in the field of design are reviewed and a contemporary paradigm is given. Decision-based design, for the design of ships, one that encompasses systems thinking and embodies the concept of concurrent engineering design for the life cycle.

The Japanese Shipping and Shipbuilding Industries

Abstract: The joint authors of The Japanese Shipping and Shipbuilding Industries are most grateful for the many useful comments made by the \"Roundtable\" review panel. Unfortunately, some ofthe suggestions which were made, although helpful, would have introduced much larger themes into the work and could not, therefore, be contained within the confines of a book of this size, or of the type that was originally envisaged. It may be worth repeating that the aim of the study was to trace the postwar development of the Japanese ship-operating and shipbuilding industries. Thus, although chapters one and two do deal with the pre-1945 period they were only intended to act as an introduction to the main theme. The authors did feel, however, that it was essential to outline the legacy which provided the foundations on which the twin industries were subsequently to develop so successfully. It seemed clear to us that without the benefit of the experience gained during the previous seventy years or so that it would not have been possible for expansion to have been either so rapid or so firmly based. Many factors were identified (page 86 et seq.) as contributing to the post -war growth. Among the more important were the strength of the entrepreneurial spirit, the growth of the Japanese economy and the expansion of its foreign trade. Government policy and aid was also significant for both sides of the maritime industry at certain times, with the Seafarers' Union being broadly helpful to the ship-operators while the inventiveness of its engineers, the co-operation of its trade unions and the activities of the Sogoshosas were all beneficial to the expansion of the shipbuilding sector. As these factors were essentially domestic our analysis of the development of the twin industries was necessarily given a domestic

The Japanese shipping and shipbuilding industries : a history of their modern growth

Abstract: This account of the Japanese Shipping Industry treats both the shipping lines and the shipbuilding industry, focusing principally upon the economic developments, following the growth and boom of the 1950s and 60s. The perspective is wide-ranging and the authors relate Japanese shipping not only to the national economy and that of SE Asia but to the world shipping industry as a whole. First published in 1990, this title is part of the Bloomsbury Academic Collections series.

Guide for ship structural inspection

Abstract: Based on surveys and interviews conducted in several commercial shipbuilding yards, a guide for ship structural inspections is developed for use by marine personnel involved in designing, building, accepting, and operating ships. In addition to providing inspection plans and procedures, the guide recommends corrective action for the typical defects encountered in ship structure examinations.

Multi-part ship construction system

Abstract: A construction system for ships utilizing three basic units which are attached together to form an integrated streamlined hull design suitable for navigation. The hull unit has an open area or slot in the stern portion with two side arms or wings into which the propulsion unit is placed and to which the propulsion unit is securedly attached. The accommodation/navigation unit is fixedly attached to the deck of the propulsion unit and secured by self hardening material, such as concrete, polyurethane and the like. The basic three units are originally constructed as independent units and are integrated in accordance with ship's specifications to be used as cargo vessels or passenger vessels.

Structural design-by-analysis approach applied to a product oil carrier with a uni-directional girder system

Abstract: A new concept of ship hull structure has been developed, where a complete double-skinned hull is stiffened by longitudinal girders only, to reduce the crossing of structural members and weld lines to a minimum for ease of welding by machine. This paper outlines the unidirectional girder system and its application to product oil carriers and discusses its advantages over conventional structures. The main focus of the paper is the design procedure adopted. Since the hull structure is so different from conventional ships that the design is beyond the scope of classification societies rules, a "design by analysis" approach is necessary. Besides describing the procedures of analysis used in the design, the results of a safety assessment of a 40,000 dwt product oil carrier, now under construction, are presented. Based on these results, the ship with the new structural system is found to offer greater safety than ships with conventional structure.

Process Planning System for CIM in Shipbuilding

Abstract: To make the shipbuilding an attractive industry, the CIM is now focus of attention, and Ship and Ocean Foundation is at present conducting a R&D project on pilot model in CIMS (CIM for shipbulding). CIMS consists of many application systems, and process planning system plays an important role among them.The Author proposed the process planning system in previous papers on how the information for the product should be represented and how the knowledge for process planning should be described systematically.In recent years, investment for the modernization of shipyard facilities is very active, and the mechanization of assembly shop is increased remarkably. In such a mechanized environment, the process planning from the viewpoint of physical distribution in a shop is essential.The aim of this paper is to apply previously proposed process planning expert system to the physical distribution in a shipyard, and new proposal in this paper is an expanded version of previous report.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5B-1: An Evaluation of the Fillet Weld Shear Strength of Flux Cored Arc Welding Electrodes

Abstract: : This report presents the results of a project initialed by SP-7, the Welding R&D Panel of the Ship Production Committee of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers. The project was financed through a cost sharing contract between the U.S. Maritime Administration and Ingalls Shipbuilding, Inc. The principal objective was to develop data on the longitudinal and transverse shear strength of flux cored are welding filler metals. Consistently higher shear strength properties of flux core over solid wire and conventional electrodes would provide a basis for implementing smaller, more cost effective fillet weld requirements in ship structures.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 6A-1: What Can Adhesives Offer to Shipbuilding?

Abstract: : This paper presents an overview of recent research into the feasibility and advantages of using toughened structural adhesives to replace some conventional welding for primary structures in the shipbuilding and associated marine industries. The concept is explored through its application to the stiffener/plate connections of thin plated grillage structures where a number of advantages can be identified. These include the potential for elimination of thermal distortion and residual stress with little cost or weight penalty. Data is becoming available on such longer term problems as durability in the marine environment, high temperature performance (including creep), fatigue and impact resistance. Research is continuing to improve understanding and increase confidence in application to large scale structures. The paper concludes that the benefits to be gained from using adhesives to achieve novel structural configurations, possibly involving dissimilar materials, will provide continuing impetus to research and development in this area.

Iron's contribution to modern shipbuilding

Abstract: At the beginning of the 19th century, due to the pioneering efforts of men like Henry Cort, John, Wilkinson and David Mushet, iron was used increasingly in construction, engineering and shipbuilding. Iron usage in the UK shipbuilding industry lasted for a mere 50 or 60 years, but this dramatically short period was to change the face of the industry for all time. It assisted in the introduction of the scientific development of naval architecture and in the evolution of modern shipbuilding techniques which are in use to this day, not only in the UK but throughout the world

The evolution of the modern cruise liner

Abstract: Despite the general depression that has afflicted the shipping and shipbuilding industries, the cruise industry has continued to support an ever-increasing number of cruise ships. The cruising slump of the mid-1970s, which was mainly due to the oil crisis, has been reversed, and several newbuildings are of record size. The purpose of this paper is to provide a historical background for understanding the present-day cruise industry. It reviews the development of the industry from its conception in 1835 to the present, with an appreciation of the cruise ships themselves and of how they have adapted to modern requirements.

U.S. Commercial Ships for Tomorrow

Abstract: Foreign «ship of the future» research programs, recent design work, and other studies are the back-ground for this paper, which addresses the interaction between innovation and competitiveness; trends in economics; advances in technology; effective manning; social needs; and design constraints. The paper then provides a discussion of attractive innovations and avenues toward U.S. competitiveness in the maritime industries of tomorrow

Practical calculation method of ship manoeuvring characteristics at the design stage

Abstract: A method for assessing hull maneuvering performance at the ship design stage is proposed. The assessment is obtained as a function of certain main geometrical parameters. Numerical formulas are presented that make it possible to achieve an index for quantifying or comparing the maneuverability of ships, or of deciding what level of maneuverability is acceptable. The proposed method involves a computer software system in which the entry of ship parameters, sea depth and channel width yields the desired maneuvering performance evaluation. The effects of channel walls and shallow water, and of their interactions, have been taken into account. The numerical method has been verified through comparison with captive model tests for various typical ships.

Improving productivity in a japanese shipyard

Abstract: Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd, Japan, is engaged in a variety of fields, including shipbuilding. After a marketing study, the company selected an 80,000 dwt oil tanker as the strategic ship to tide it over the depression that afflicted shipbuilding. It is explained how a program to improve the management of the enterprise by applying quality control to its every aspect succeeded in achieving manhour reductions of about 43% in comparison with the manhours of seven years earlier. The improvement campaign, which is described in detail, involved all personnel from top management to workers. Program development was structured to include a clear statement of policies and targets and the establishment of plans for achieving the targets. Quality circles were organized for autonomous quality control activities by small groups within workshops.

IHI Zone Logic Application to Electrical Outfitting on Highly Sophisticated Ships

Abstract: Outfitting electrical cable in highly sophisticated ships, such as research vessels and patrol boats, has a significant impact on every aspect of ship construction, modernization, overhaul, and repair. Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries, Co., Ltd. (IHI) has been exploiting zone logic, also recognized as group technology, for construction of virtually all ship types. But, the extensive cable footage in sophisticated ships requires special considerations and techniques. This paper presents practical design and production processes for zone outfitting electric cable

United States Commercial Shipbuilding Productivity: An International View

Abstract: : This thesis examines American shipyard productivity. An attempt is made to measure changes in U.S. shipbuilding productivity to ascertain if U.S. yards are improving their position relative to their competitors. An international comparison of wages, material and overhead prices and cost structures are used to assess America's current competitive position. This study also provides a qualitative survey of lesser known shipbuilding nations about which little quantitative data has been published. A discussion of obstacles, such as government policy deficiencies and business practices, which continue to inhibit commercial shipbuilding productivity in the United States is also included. Recommendations are also provided.

Improving productivity in a japanese shipyard. Discussion. Reply

Abstract: Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd, after a marketing study, selected man 80,000 dwt oil tanker as the strategic ship to tide it over the past shipbuilding depression. All members of the design and the construction departments endeavoured to reduce the cost. As a result, we were able to achieve manhour reductions of about 43% as compared with the actual manhours of seven years before

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 1: Can U.S. Shipbuilders Become Competitive in the International Merchant Market?

Abstract: : The naval shipyards are in the process of installing a system for identifying and recording specific job-related skills in their industrial workforce. The system, called the Shipyard Skills Tracking System (SSTS), is intended initially to support middle-level management in allocating their workforce properly for critical tasks and in accurately factoring personnel availability and training requirements into the planning for upcoming work. SSTS is supported by sophisticated computer programs which are integrated into other shipyard administrative programs. Data entry, ever the bugaboo of large scale tracking programs, is minimized by using data links to other job related programs for most of the information. The programs have been successfully field-tested at one naval shipyard and, starting in November 1989, began undergoing phased installation at all eight government yards.

Information Aquisition System at Fabrication Stage based on Product Definition System

Abstract: Just after shipbuilding industries have released several kinds of large scale of CAD/CAM systems, the necessity of Computer Integrated Manufacturing system (CIM) have been recognized in Japanese shipyards. In the previous paper, a shipbuilding definition system (or a modelling for shipbuilding) was discussed. As the result, a System of Design and Assembling for Shipbuilding (which is called SODAS) was proposed. In SODAS, there are some systems which include ship design system, system of cutting of designed ship structure into pieces and system of assembling those pieces to a ship block.The aim of this paper is to refine assembling system in SODAS. In the construction stage of a ship, a lot of work should be done by using particular facilities in shipyards. Therefore two models are introduced here. One is facility model such as crane, lift-magnet and welding machines. The other is operation model in which operation data such as welding condition, root gap should be managed. An object oriented language on engineering work station Sun-3 is also used to represent a ship and shipyard model.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 5A-1: Modeling and Transfer of Product Model Digital Data for the DDG 51 Class Destroyer Program

Abstract: : Computer Aided Design and Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) technologies offer significant benefits in the design, construction, and life cycle support of today's complex Navy ships. CAD provides the capability to create three dimensional (3D) product models which can realistically represent geometry and associated design data of the ship prior to construction. Building of a computer model of the ship prior to construction reduces interferences and improves design accuracy and completeness. The 3D computer models consist of geometry and associated design data for components and systems, and provide a tool to design and evaluate form, fit, and function. Efforts such as interference detection and resolution, simulated walk-throughs, change-impact analysis, and improved production sequence planning can be conducted concurrently with design development. Detail design drawings, manufacturing sketches and Numerical Control (NC) instructions can be developed and extracted directly from the design database. This reduces duplication of data, saves time, and lowers costs - for both the construction of the ship and the life cycle maintenance functions that follow. The most significant benefits of 3D CAD/CAM functions that follow. The most significant benefits of 3D CAD/CAM methodologies as applied to complex Navy surface combatants are improved design and manufacturing accuracy and consistency, which in turn result in savings in production time and cost. On the U.S. Navy's ARLEIGH BURKE (DDG 51) Class AEGIS Destroyer program, CAD/CAM technology is being implemented to take full advantage of these savings.

The Evolution of Marine Gas Turbine Controls

Abstract: The background and evolution of gas turbine fuel controls is examined in this paper from a naval perspective. The initial application of aeroderivative gas turbines to navy ships utilized the engine's existing aircraft fuel control, which were coupled to the ship's hydropneumatic machinery control system. These engines were adapted to naval requirements by including engine specific functions. The evolution of naval gas turbine controllers first to analog electronic, and more recently, to distributed digital controls, has increased the system complexity and added a number of levels of machinery protection. The design of a specific electronic control module is used to illustrate the current state of the technology. The paper concludes with a discussion of the further need to address the issues of fuel handling, metering and control in navy ships with particular emphasis on integration in the marine environment.

U.S. Commercial Shipbuilding in the 1990s: The Global Context

Abstract: Since 1982, only five orders for commercial oceangoing ships--all for Jones Act trades--have been placed with U.S. shipyards, largely because the U.S. yards have not been price-competitive with foreign shipyards. Broad economic developments that affected the shipbuilding industry took place worldwide, however, during the late 1980s. Given the current and likely situation into the 1990s, the question is whether it will be possible to build ships competitively in the U.S. This paper provides a market-based framework for analysis of these developments and discusses how the U.S. competitive position has improved. It finds that near-term opportunities for the construction of replacements for the aging domestic fleet may be a stepping stone to long-term opportunities for the construction of ships in international trades. Suggestions for multifaceted actions by U.S. shipbuilders, shipowners, and government are provided. Significant opportunities for commercial vessel construction are predicted for U.S. shipbuilders in the 1990s.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 8B-2: Political Changes in Eastern Europe and the World Shipbuilding Market

Abstract: : The recent political and economic events unfolding in Eastern Europe have brought about changes that are of vital importance to the world shipbuilding community. Following in the footsteps of Yugoslavia, already the No 3 shipbuilding power in the world, these countries view shipbuilding as a source of very needed hard currency, and also as a way of generating employment. The relatively low cost of ship construction together with an adequately developed level of technology, and comprehensive engineering support, make these communist countries serious competitors. Moreover , the announced reduction of the Soviet military budget might substantial free up capacities for export ship construction, and sharply reduce Soviet orders in their former satellite countries, thus making them available for foreign orders. The following paper addresses shipbuilding organization and capacities in the communist countries, advantages, problems and possible forms of business relations with their shipyards.

The National Shipbuilding Research Program, 1990 Ship Production Symposium, Paper No. 7B-1: Photogrammetry as an Advanced Planning Tool for Naval Shipyards

Abstract: : Photogrammetric technology captures dimensional data on systems' existing configurations. Photogrammetry is useful for determining the dimensional attributes of a system whose configuration has been modified and/or not recorded or updated. Knowing before execution of work begins the as-built structural conditions of systems on which work will be performed increases the shipyard's ability to plan a job efficiently, allowing the job to be completed in a timely cost effective manner. This can assure millions of dollars of elimination of rework and trial-and-error fit-ups and ensures enhanced product quality.