Showing papers on "Sleep (system call) published in 1989"

Nightcap: a home-based sleep monitoring system

Abstract: In an attempt to offer a home-based adjunct to traditional sleep laboratory methods, we developed a system to monitor sleep, and to predict algorithmically non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) and rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep states, using eye and body motility as the only parameters. Eye movement was measured using a strain gauge transducer applied to the eyelid of subjects, while body movement was measured using a piezo-ceramic phono cartridge. Both transducers were mounted on a tennis headband, along with electronics that amplified, filtered, and digitized the signals. Digital pulse signals were input to a portable computer in minute-long epochs, and state-predicting algorithms were run based on this motility data. Four subjects were monitored in the sleep lab with both our headgear and standard polysomnography. Hand-scored sleep records were compared with those predicted by computer algorithms. Algorithm-predicted states agreed with hand-scored ones an average of 85.57% (SEM +/- 1.7%). Mean values for sleep onset and REM latency were within 1.6 and 10.8 min of polysomnographic records, respectively. These results are encouraging, and suggest that this system could provide a comfortable, subject operable, and inexpensive method for the evaluation of sleep at home.

[Effects of noise on sleep. Part 1. Development of an automatic analysing system for all-night sleep polygraphy by microcomputer].

Abstract: In order to assess the effects of noise on sleep, the authors have developed a microcomputer system which determines the sleep stage based on an all-night EEG (electroencephalogram), rapid eye movement and an EMG (electromyogram). All the polygraphic parameters for each epoch (including spindle, rapid eye movement, alpha and delta waves, and amount of muscle tension), which are necessary to determine the sleep stage, were determined by a microcomputer using a digital data processing program. Recognition of EEG waves is based on Fujimori's method with some modifications. The rules of Rechtschaffen et al. were adopted for judging sleep stage with a slight modification. Data were obtained from six healthy students of a university. Each student was polygraphed for five to six nights under various conditions of noise exposure. Judgements of the sleep stage were made by two medical doctors. Using randomly selected 10 nights' data, the agreement between judgements by the microcomputer system and by the doctor was 77%. The percentage of agreement increased to 84% for the epochs in which the two doctors agreed. It takes about one hour to determine all-night sleep stages by this system.

Method for setting timer

Abstract: PURPOSE:To eliminate the need for the space for timer display of a display part and to miniaturize the display part by executing the switching of the display in the display part to timer time and the setting of the timer time only by the operation of a single operating button. CONSTITUTION:The operating button (sleep key) 5 is provided to the timer part of an acoustic apparatus with a sleep timer function, etc. The display in the LCD display part 4 is switched from the present time to the timer time by a microcomputer 2 via driver 3 when this operating button 5 is first pressed. This Timer time is displayed for the prescribed time only. The display in the display part 4 is switched to the display of the other time time and the next timer time is displayed only for the prescribed time if the button 5 is pressed within this prescribed time. The timer time displayed at this time is stored as a set time in a RAM 7 and the timer function is started if there is no pressing of the button 5 within the prescribed time.

Instrument informing person of comfortable wake-up time with sleeping rhythm detected

Abstract: PURPOSE:To obtain comfortable wake-up feeling by letting those means such as sound, voice, vibration, light, smell and/or combination thereof be actuated by a sensor detecting rem sleep. CONSTITUTION:A person can obtain comfortable wake-up feeling when he is woken up at the time of rem sleep during sleep wherein non-rem sleep and rem sleep are periodically repeated. Hence, rem sleep is detected by a sensor attached directly to his physical body by means of those such as an eye-patch, a belt, a cap and the like or to a pajamas or bed clothes or to a bed room, when an instrument is thereby actuated, which consists of a sensor sensing sound, voice, vibration, light, smell and/or combination thereof in order to wake him up, comfortable wake-up feeling can thereby be expected. In particular, when the instrument is set to send out a wake-up signal during rem sleep just before a specified wake-up time set by an alarm clock, it may act as the alarm clock which allows comfortable feeling of sleep to be obtained.

Living body data feedback type alarm clock

Abstract: PURPOSE: To prevent the generation of an unpleasant feeling at the time of forcible awakening by executing the output of an awakening alarm at the time of the REM sleep state between awakening alarm time and the time one cycle before REM sleep from said alarm time CONSTITUTION: The sleep state of a living body being the object of an awaken ing alarm is detected by a sleep state detection means and it is discriminated whether the detected sleep state is an REM sleep state A memory means stores the cycle of REM sleep Subsequently, a control means executes the output of an awakening alarm at the time of the REM sleep state between inputted awakening alarm time and the time one cycle before REM sleep from the alarm time For example, when the inputted awakening alarm time is set to θ, one cycle of the REM sleep is set to T1 and the time before one cycle from the alarm time θ is set to β=θ-T1, in such a case that the REM sleep state is detected between β and θ, awakening stimulation is generated at the detection time θ ' of an REM state Therefore, a person to be stimulated is allowed to wake in the REM state and obtains a comfortable awakening feeling COPYRIGHT: (C)1991,JPO&Japio

Illumination system for bed room

Abstract: PURPOSE:To promote good wake-up by judging a kind of sleep from eyeball motion detected by electrodes and an amplifier and lighting an illumination after a conclusion of the preset final REM sleep. CONSTITUTION:Electrodes 1 are installed above an eyebrow and beyond an eye, a potential difference is judged by an amplifier 2 and a judging unit 3 judges that it is a REM sleep or not. When the potential difference more than 0.3mV by eyeball motion continues more than 1 second, that point is judged as a REM sleep period. More than 5 minutes after the generation of the potential difference more than 0.3mV, if this potential difference is not generated, the conclusion of the REM sleep is judged. In the case of adult, there are 4 times of REM sleep through one night sleep. The final REM sleep is preset at setting unit 4 and a control unit 5 lights a light source at the same time of the conclusion of the preset sleep. With this constitution, the illumination is lit at a point of light sleep so as to promote a good wake-up.

Low-power system with microprocessor and ancillary chip

Abstract: A system which includes not only a microprocessor or microcontroller (as shown in Fig. 1), but also an auxiliary chip which monitors the system power supply voltage (using comparator 120 to monitor pin VCC, and comparator 110 to monitor pin IN), and performs related functions for the microprocessor, including a watchdog function (in timer 300) and a freshness seal function (in logic 131). The auxiliary chip can be put to sleep by the microprocessor to minimize power consumption. However, the sleep command SLP* is not accepted by sleep logic 500 unless it stands in the proper timing relationship to a signal on strobe pin ST*. The microprocessor can direct an interrupt to the auxiliary chip on pin ST*, which will cause the auxiliary chip to respond with a signal NMI* which indicates to the microprocessor whether the power supply voltage VCC is heading up or down. In one mode of operation (for use with a low-power CMOS processor), the one-shot circuit 114 sends an interrupt NMI* to the microprocessor when the power supply falls to a first level, and reset control logic 400 resets the microprocessor (with a signal RST or RST*) when the supply voltage VCC reaches a second preset level on the way up (i.e. while power is being restored). In a selectable second mode of operation (for use with an NMOS microprocessor), the auxiliary chip resets the processor (with signal RST or RST*) when the power supply VCC is on the way down.