Showing papers on "Spray tower published in 2001"

Model of the Wet Limestone Flue Gas Desulfurization Process for Cost Optimization

Abstract: A detailed process model of the wet limestone flue gas desulfurization system has been presented. This model can be used to calculate indispensable parameters for estimating costs and next to minimize capital and operating costs. The process model describes most important stage of SO2 removal running in an absorber and a holding tank. It includes absorption of sulfur dioxide, oxidation of SO3-, dissolution of limestone, and crystallization of gypsum. An assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium in the solution has been used. SO2 removal and limestone dissolution calculation has been based on stagnant-film theory. The model has been used for predicting the SO2 removal efficiency in the spray scrubber for process parameters, e.g., L/G, droplet diameter, stoichiometric ratio Ca/S, height of the absorption section, gas velocity, concentration in liquid-phase ions of Mg2+ and Cl-, and liquid pH. This model could be used to describe a multilevel spray system, too. The results of this model are in agreement with d...

Method and conduit system for influencing the drop spectrum of fluidic substances during the atomization thereof

Abstract: The invention relates to a method and corresponding conduit system for influencing the drop spectrum of fluidic substances during the atomization thereof by means of single-substance pressure nozzles, especially of suspensions used in spray drying or in the prilling of melts. A conduit system and method should be provided with which, during continuous operation, the width of the spectrum and the average diameter of the drops can be altered without exchanging individual nozzles. To these ends, the invention provides that, for example, in a spray tower (25), the drop size can be altered independently of the flow rate by means of at least one of the nozzles (6a, 6b) that are supplied with an aggregate fluid stream (FG) which is delivered by means of pumps (2) and which, independent of the flow rate, is divided into a number of partial streams (T3, T4) in the direction of delivery after the pump (2). For this, the delivery characteristics of a number of partial streams (T3) flowing to at least one nozzle (6a, 6b) with two supply lines are influenced by means of valves and/or pumps (5, 8) in such a way that the total flow rate is adjusted by the pumps (2) integrated in the aggregate fluid stream (FG). Alternatively, during the operational state, the division ratio of the partial streams (T3, T4) is adjusted, and the drop size is separately adjusted for the individual nozzle (6a, 6b).

Low-energy spray tower reactor for chemical reactions as well as drying liquids and also process for drying liquids, especially glycerol, to extremely low water contents

Abstract: A spray tower reactor comprises: (a) a spray tower; (b) a refrigerator; (c) a gas feed system; (d) a fan; and (e) a collecting container for solids and/or a piping system. A reactor comprises: (a) a spray tower (10) with a spray device (12) in the upper part connected to a feed container (16); (b) a refrigerator (30) with an evaporator (32), condenser (34) and condensed water run-off (40); (c) a gas feed system with its inlet end connected to the upper region of tower (10) and its branched outlet connected not only to the tower upper end but also to the lower end of tower, such that the gas in the closed system is led over the evaporator (32) and condenser (34); (d) a fan (42) redirecting the gas into the circuit; and (e) either a collecting container (22) in the lower region of the tower for solids and/or reaction products or a piping system for leading off the reaction products. An Independent claim is also included for drying of liquids (preferably organic) by: (i) spraying the liquid into a countercurrent of a dry gas (especially air) to evaporate it; (ii) collecting the solids and/or reaction products of the liquid in the lower region of the spray tower; (iii) drawing off moist gas from the upper region of the tower and heat-exchanging it with an evaporator of a refrigerator to collect condensed liquid at the evaporator; (iv) heating the cooled dry gas by contact with the condenser of the refrigerator; and (v) recycling the heated dry gas to step (i).

Process for separating harmful gases, and device

Abstract: The invention shows a process and corresponding devices for separating harmful gases, such as SO2, HCl, HF or NOx, out of an off-gas in a spray tower 1 using the countercurrent method, in which the off-gas 8-10 which is to be cleaned, in particular flue gas, is fed laterally to the spray tower 1 through a gas feed 2 and is then passed substantially vertically upwards through the spray tower 1, the off-gas in the spray tower being brought into contact with a suspension which takes up harmful gases through mass transfer, the suspension being distributed asymmetrically with respect to the central longitudinal plane 19 of the spray tower, which is perpendicular to the direction of the off-gas 8-10 flowing in, in order to optimize the flow field. As a result, it is ensured that the loading of harmful gases is as uniform as possible in all the drops of the suspension.