Showing papers on "Supporting electrolyte published in 1974"
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of medium effects, i.e. the variation of the chemical potential of the supporting electrolyte at constant concentration as the concentration of an organic compound in the same aqueous solution is changed, is analyzed from a theoretical point of view starting from Gibbs' equation.
64 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the emission resulting from the reaction of electrogenerated radical anions and cations (D - + ) for four systems which provide evidence for the intermediacy of excimers or exciplexes is described.
37 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a study of suitable supporting electrolytes for the determination of tin by thin film anodic stripping voltammetry was made, and the HBr-H 2 SO 4 distillate was found to be an ideal supporting electrolyte.
30 citations
TL;DR: In this article, a common aprotic solvent, the dissolved oxygen is reduced to superoxide, and then to peroxide with tetraalkylammonium salt as the supporting electrolyte.
Abstract: In a common aprotic solvent, the dissolved oxygen is reduced to superoxide, and then to peroxide with tetraalkylammonium salt as the supporting electrolyte. With alkali metal ion as the supporting electrolyte, it is reduced further to form the third wave. All of these waves are controlled by the successive chemical reaction; namely if the products due to the successive reaction are stable, the reduction potential shifts to more positive direction. When the solvated ion of the supporting electrolyte is small, it forms stable complex with oxygen radicals, hence the reduction waves shift to positive potentials.
25 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the determination of indium by anodic stripping voltammetry has been investigated both at the hanging mercury drop electrode with differential pulse and a.c. modes, and at the thin film electrode using a rapid d.c scan.
23 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the product of the anodic pyridination of 9,10-diphenylanthracene at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile has been isolated and characterized as 9, 10-dihydro-9, 10 -di(triethyl)anthracene diperchlorate.
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a current-reversal chronopotentiometric technique has been developed to facilitate the determination of the reaction pathway of radical anions generated during electrolytic reductive coupling reactions.
Abstract: A current‐reversal chronopotentiometric technique has been developed to facilitate the determination of the reaction pathway of radical anions generated during electrolytic reductive coupling reactions. The technique permits discrimination between dimerization of the anion radicals and a reaction scheme involving reaction of a radical anion with unreduced starting material followed by one‐electron reduction. The reduction of trans‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐l‐penten‐3‐one was studied at mercury cathodes in dimethyl‐sulfoxide with a tetra‐n‐butylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte. In the presence of 0.05M water, the reaction proceeds by dimerization of the anion radicals. At higher water concentrations a parallel pseudo first‐order reaction of the radical anions was detected.
16 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the tridentate imine ligand 2,2′,2″-terpyridine was used for the reduction of the iron(II) complex in acetonitrile solutions.
15 citations
TL;DR: The electrochemical oxidation of terbium(3) at the conducting glass electrode was reported in this article, and the Tb(3)-4 reaction was irreversible in 2·5M K2CO3-0·5m KOH supporting electrolyte, and the limiting deposition potential for Tb4 was approximately 1·08 V.
7 citations
TL;DR: Methods are recommended for the simultaneous identification and determination of the compounds appearing together in the reaction mixtures during the substitution of the imino hydrogen atom, or during the rearrangements of the 1-nitropyrazoles to the N-unsubstituted ones.
7 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical reduction of 1,1′-di-hydroxy-2,2′-diphenyl-3,3′-bi-indole (I) was studied at mercury and platinum electrodes in the presence and absence of protonating agents.
TL;DR: In this article, Triphenyl phosphine oxide (TPO) is adsorbed at the DME from methanol in the potential range −0.5 to −1.3 V (Ag/AgCl) although its adsorption activity decreases markedly as compared with that from water.
TL;DR: In this article, the influence of electrolytes, of various alcohols at low concentrations, and of temperature on the rate of the electron transfer between [Co(NH3)5Br]2+ and Fe2+ has been investigated.
TL;DR: The chelate stability constants of 3,3-dimethylbutane-1,2-diamine-N,N, N, N′,N′,Tetraacetic acid with some alkaline earth metal ions were determined at 25.0 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.10 with KNO3 as supporting electrolyte by a potentiometric method.
Abstract: The chelate stability constants of 3,3-dimethylbutane-1,2-diamine-N,N,N′,N′-tetraacetic acid with some alkaline earth metal ions were determined at 25.0 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.10 with KNO3 as supporting electrolyte by a potentiometric method.
TL;DR: In this article, the half-wave potentials of the first reduction waves of anthraquinone, phenanthrenequinone and 1,2-benzoquinone were measured in dimethylformamide solutions in the presence of perchlorates of (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N +, K +, Na +, Li +, Ba 2+, Sr 2+ and Mg 2+ ions.
Abstract: Summary Half-wave potentials of the first reduction waves of anthraquinone, phenanthrenequinone, 1,2-benzoquinone, 1,2- and 1,4-naphthoquinone and acenaphthenequinone were measured in dimethylformamide solutions in the presence of the perchlorates of (C 2 H 5 ) 4 N + , K + , Na + , Li + , Ba 2+ , Sr 2+ , Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions. The effects of various cations on the polarographic behaviour of these compounds were interpreted in the light of ion-pair formation between semiquinone radical anions and supporting electrolyte cations. The structure of ion pairs (anthraquinone)¯⋅… Me n + and (phenanthrenequinone)¯⋅ … Me n + was discussed on the basis of LCAO MO calculations. Effects of solvents (dimethylformamide, acetone, acetonitrile, propylene carbonate and dimethylsulphoxide) on the electroreduction of anthraquinone and phenanthrenequinone were also presented.
TL;DR: In this paper, the polarographic behavior of 9-nitroanthracene and 9,10-dinitroanthricene was studied in dimethylformamide and the effect of the supporting electrolyte cation on these reduction waves was also investigated.
Abstract: The polarographic behavior of 9-nitroanthracene and 9,10-dinitroanthracene has been studied in dimethylformamide. 9-Nitroanthracene shows consecutive two one-electron diffusion-controlled reduction waves followed by fast chemical reactions. 9,10-Dinitroanthracene, however, shows only one reversible two-electron diffusion-controlled wave. The effect of the supporting electrolyte cation on these reduction waves was also investigated. In alkali metal or alkaline earth metal perchlorate as a supporting electrolyte, the half-wave potentials shift to the anodic side. The relationship between the half-wave potential and the ionic potential of the cation was discussed.
01 Jan 1974
TL;DR: The capillary gap cell is an undivided cell with minimized distance between the electrodes as discussed by the authors, which is especially useful in electroorganic synthesis, and very low concentrations of supporting electrolyte greatly faciliate the working up of the solutions.
Abstract: The capillary gap cell is an undivided cell with minimized distance between the electrodes. Values of 0.2 - 0.5 mm are technically feasible. This new type of electrochemical cell is especially useful in electroorganic synthesis. The energy consumption and the space/time yield become optimum. Very low concentrations of supporting electrolyte greatly faciliate the working up of the solutions. In some cases (Kolbe synthesis, propylene oxide) special effects are observed due to the low salt concentration and the short distance between the electrodes. Turbulent flow can be obtained at low volume rates of the solution.
TL;DR: In this article, the electrochemical reduction of Fe(II) complex with bis(2′-quinolyl)-2,6-pyridine has been studied in acetonitrile by polarography and cyclic voltammetry, using tetraethyl ammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte.
TL;DR: In this article, a current-reversal chronopotentiometric technique has been developed to facilitate the determination of the reaction pathway of radical anions generated during electrolytic reductive coupling reactions.
Abstract: A current‐reversal chronopotentiometric technique has been developed to facilitate the determination of the reaction pathway of radical anions generated during electrolytic reductive coupling reactions. The technique permits discrimination between dimerization of the anion radicals and a reaction scheme involving reaction of a radical anion with unreduced starting material followed by one‐electron reduction. The reduction of trans‐4,4‐dimethyl‐1‐phenyl‐l‐penten‐3‐one was studied at mercury cathodes in dimethyl‐sulfoxide with a tetra‐n‐butylammonium perchlorate as supporting electrolyte. In the presence of 0.05M water, the reaction proceeds by dimerization of the anion radicals. At higher water concentrations a parallel pseudo first‐order reaction of the radical anions was detected.
TL;DR: In this paper, an increase of the 2nd polarographic uranium(VI) wave has been observed in the presence of chlorate ions in HClO4−NaClO 4, or HCl O 4−NaCLO 4−NCl O4−NCLO4 −NCl supporting electrolyte, resp.
Abstract: An increase of the 2nd polarographic uranium(VI) wave has been observed in the presence of chlorate ions in HClO4−NaClO4, or HClO4−NaClO4−NaCl supporting electrolyte, resp. The polarographic measurements at different temperatures and at various perchloric acid concentrations show that this increase is due to a kinetic U(III)-U(IV) current. The activation parameters of the U(III)-U(IV) oxidation reaction with ClO3− have been calculated usingKautecky's method.