Showing papers on "Surface condenser published in 2000"

Method and apparatus for vaporizing liquid natural gas in a combined cycle power plant

Abstract: A method and apparatus for increasing the efficiency of a combined cycle generation plant by assisting the vaporization of cold liquid including liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) or liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in a combined cycle power plant. Cold liquid vaporization is assisted by circulating a warm heat transfer fluid to transfer heat to a LNG/LPG vaporizer. The heat transfer fluid is chilled by LNG/LPG cold liquid vaporization and warmed by heat from a gas turbine. The heat transfer fluid absorbs heat from the air intake of a gas turbine and from a secondary heat transfer fluid circulating in a combined cycle power plant. Chilling the gas turbine air intake densifies the air and increases the gas turbine output. Chilling the steam condenser cooling water increases steam turbine output. The effects of chill recovery is higher output and better efficiency of the combined cycle plant.

Integrated power plant and method of operating such an integrated power plant

Abstract: An integrated power plant comprises a gas-turbine set with a compressor, a combustion chamber and a gas turbine, a heat-recover boiler arranged downstream of the gas turbine, and a water/steam circuit with a steam turbine, a condenser, a feedwater tank and a separately fired steam generator having a flue-gas NOx-reduction unit arranged on the flue-gas side downstream of the steam generator, the heat-recovery boiler for the generation of steam being incorporated in the water/steam circuit In such a power plant, in order to improve the part-load behavior, a branch line is provided at the heat-recovery boiler, by means of which branch line a predetermined portion of the exhaust gases coming from the gas-turbine set and flowing through the heat-recovery boiler can be branched off and added upstream of the flue-gas NOx-reduction unit to the flue gases coming from the steam generator

Compression and condensation of turbine exhaust steam

Abstract: The invention consists a dual section vessel including a first section being a turbine exhaust steam enclosure and a second section being a condensate water vessel accumulation, both sections being connected by a system of water columns. The system of water columns comprising moderate diffusers for retaining turbine exhaust steam velocity without increasing in pressure, towards impact with cold recirculated condensate water. The recirculated warm condensate water from the condensate water vessel flows through a counter current heat exchanger, and as cold condensate water to dispersion pipes connected to the ends of the diffusers. This complete system is arranged for receiving, compressing and condensing the exhaust steam from the turbine last stage. From the collision location the exhaust steam and condensate water continue to flow as “two phase flow” downward to the “condensate water vessel.” In the water columns the continuous flow produces a lower pressure in the top of the column than the pressure in the bottom. The inclusion of a “counter current heat exchanger” assures a very low difference between the cooling media inlet temperature and the exiting recirculated condensate water, and a correspondingly significant reduction of the turbine exhaust steam temperature.

Regenerative fuel heating system

Abstract: A combined cycle cogeneration power plant includes a combustion turbine formed by an inlet for receiving fuel, an inlet for receiving air, a combustor for burning the combustion fuel and the air, and an outlet through which hot gaseous combustion product is released; a regenerative fuel heating system formed by a plurality of heat exchangers for transferring heat to combustion fuel for heating the combustion fuel, and modulating control valves for controlling temperature of the combustion fuel; a heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) connected to the outlet of the combustion turbine for receiving the gaseous combustion product. The HRSG is formed by a plurality of heat exchangers including steam/water drums, each having a surface blowdown connection, and evaporators connected to the steam/water drums, a water inlet connected with the heat exchangers of the HRSG, a steam outlet, and a stack for releasing the exhausted gaseous combustion product. A steam turbine is provided, and has a steam inlet for receiving steam from the steam outlet of the HRSG, and an exhaust steam outlet; a condenser is connected to the exhaust steam outlet of the steam turbine for condensing steam to a liquid condensate; at least one pump is provided for supplying the liquid condensate from the condenser to the HRSG; and at least one pump is provided for supplying feed water from at least one drum to the HRSG. A conventional-type power plant with a regenerative fuel heating system is also disclosed.

Thermoelectric power generator and method of generating thermoelectric power in a steam power cycle utilizing latent steam heat

Abstract: A thermoelectric power generator and method of generating thermoelectric power in a steam power cycle utilizing latent steam heat including a condenser, a heat source, such as steam, and at least one thermoelectric module. The condenser includes a plurality of condenser tubes each having included therein a heat extractor. The heat source is in communication with the condenser and is characterized as providing thermal energy to the condenser. The at least one thermoelectric module, including a plurality of thermoelectric elements, is positioned in communication with at least one of the plurality of condenser tubes so that thermal energy flows through the thermoelectric elements thereby generating electrical power.

Steam turbine blade, and steam turbine and steam turbine power plant using the same

Abstract: A steam turbine blade made of a martensite steel having high strength and high toughness, and a low pressure steam turbine and a steam turbine power generating plant using the steam turbine blades. The steam turbine blade is made of a martensite steel containing C of 0.13-0.40%; Si less than 0.5%; Mn less than 1.5%; Ni of 2-3.5%; Cr of 8-13%; Mo of 1.5-4%; at least one kind of Nb and Ta of 0.02-0.3% in total; V of 0.05-0.35; and N of 0.04-0.15%.

Calcium carbide power system with waste energy recovery

Abstract: A calcium carbide based power system for stationary and mobile power plants The carbide is reacted with water to create heat and acetylene, with the acetylene then being burned to heat a boiler for providing steam to a steam expander The exhaust of the steam expander is condensed and pumped back into the boiler, first being pre-heated by a heat exchanger using the heat in burner exhaust gas and then in the carbide-water reactor to further pre-heat the boiler makeup water (steam) and to cool the reactor The system may limit the excess water required for the carbide-water reactor, and provides recovery of the heat given off in the generation and combustion of the acetylene for maximum system efficiency The system may further provide for preheating the combustion air with waste heat from the exhaust of the steam expander The system may further provide for preheating the combustion air with heat from the acetylene produced by the reactor, thereby removing moisture from the acetylene Dissociated hydrogen may be recovered from the exhaust of the steam expander by cyclonic separation and burned as fuel in the boiler

ECS with 2-stage water separation

Abstract: A two spool environmental control system includes a low pressure spool subsystem (38) comprising a low pressure turbine (28) and a condenser (19) downstream of the low pressure turbine. A high pressure spool subsystem (39) is in air flow communication with the low pressure spool subsystem (38) and includes the condenser (19), a first water extractor (21) in air communication with the condenser (19), a high pressure turbine (24) downstream of the condenser (19), a second water extractor (42) in air flow communication with the condenser (19), and a reheater (26) downstream of the high pressure turbine (24).

Gas mixture preparation system and method

Abstract: A system for preparing gas mixtures for combustion, reducing emissions during combustion and treating and purifying resultant exhaust gas mixtures includes an exhaust gas scrubbing and condensing heat exchanger which cleans, cools and dries an exhaust gas mixture, a source of clean water which supplies clean water for heating and humidifying, a steam producer for converting clean water to steam, a steam boiler for increasing the energy of the steam and the energy of a fluid compound gas. An exhaust gas turbine, a steam turbine, and a fluid compound gas turbine all mounted on a common shaft are operative to convert energy in the exhaust gas mixture, the steam, and the fluid compound gas to mechanical energy on the common shaft. The system is particularly suited for use with an internal combustion engine.

Method for supplementing a saturated steam generation system having at least one steam turbine set, and steam power plant supplemented using the method

Abstract: A saturated steam generation system is supplemented with at least one gas turbine set, at least one heat recovery steam generator, at least one topping steam turbine and at least one steam mixing component The topping steam turbine is coupled to the gas turbine set and is supplied by the steam generated in the heat recovery steam generator The exhaust steam from the topping steam turbine is fed via the steam mixing component to the steam turbine set

Method of generating power using an advanced thermochemical recuperation cycle

Abstract: A power generating method that includes the steps of burning a reformed fuel in the presence of air in a combustor (118) of a gas turbine (138) to generate a hot exhaust gas is disclosed. The hot exhaust gas is then passed through a turbine section of the gas turbine to generate power and, thereafter, the hot exhaust gas (140) is passed through a heat recovery system (112) where the hot exhaust gas is successively cooled as it passes through a series of heat exchangers. Heat exchangers comprising the heat recovery system include combustion air pre-heater(s) (114); a thermochemical recuperator (or reformer) (128), wherein hot exhaust gas provides the endothermic heat of reaction necessary to reform a raw fuel/steam mixture to the combustible, reformed fuel that is eventually burned in the combustor; and one or more water/steam heater (142) which supply steam to a low-pressure, condensing steam turbine (152) of a bottoming Rankine cycle to generate additional power.

Apparatus and methods of reheating gas turbine cooling steam and high pressure steam turbine exhaust in a combined cycle power generating system

Abstract: In a combined cycle system having a multi-pressure heat recovery steam generator, a gas turbine and steam turbine, steam for cooling gas turbine components is supplied from the intermediate pressure section of the heat recovery steam generator supplemented by a portion of the steam exhausting from the HP section of the steam turbine, steam from the gas turbine cooling cycle and the exhaust from the HP section of the steam turbine are combined for flow through a reheat section of the HRSG. The reheated steam is supplied to the IP section inlet of the steam turbine. Thus, where gas turbine cooling steam temperature is lower than optimum, a net improvement in performance is achieved by flowing the cooling steam exhausting from the gas turbine and the exhaust steam from the high pressure section of the steam turbine in series through the reheater of the HRSG for applying steam at optimum temperature to the IP section of the steam turbine.

Steam injection heater with transverse mounted mach diffuser

Abstract: A direct contact steam injection heater body is placed directly in line and allows axial flow of stock (i.e. liquid or slurry) through a pipe. The steam injection heater includes a Mach diffuser having a plurality of steam diffusion holes. The Mach diffuser is mounted transverse to the axial flow of stock through the pipe and the heater body. High velocity steam is injected from the plurality of steam diffusion holes into the stock flowing through the heater body. An adjustably positionable cover in the Mach diffuser modulates the amount of steam added to the flowing stock by exposing a desired number of steam diffusion holes. Modulation is accomplished at constant steam pressure by an actuator that rotates the cover. The arrangement is able to efficiently heat large flows of viscous stock, such as slurries having suspended materials that tend to flocculate. The upstream surface area of the Mach diffuser is preferably free of steam diffusion holes to eliminate unnecessary plugging. The downstream surface area of the Mach diffuser is also preferably free of steam diffusion holes to lessen the probability of large steam bubble conglomeration. A deflector is preferably mounted directly in front of the upstream surface of the Mach diffuser to route the flow of stock towards the side surfaces of the Mach diffuser where the steam diffusion holes are located.

Apparatus and methods for localized cooling of gas turbine nozzle walls

Abstract: In a closed-circuit steam-cooling system for the first-stage nozzle of a gas turbine, each vane has a plurality of cavities with inserts. In the second cavity, a main insert receives cooling steam from an inner plenum for impingement-cooling of the side walls of the vane, the spent cooling steam exhausting between the main insert and the cavity walls into a steam outlet. To steam-cool a localized surface area of the vane adjacent the outer band, a secondary insert receives steam under inlet conditions from a first chamber of the outer band for impingement-cooling the localized surface area. The spent impingement-cooling steam from the secondary insert combines with the spent cooling steam from the main insert for flow to the outlet. Consequently, low-cycle fatigue is improved in the localized area by the impingement-cooling afforded by the secondary insert because of the cooler steam supplied, as well as the increased pressure drop driving the steam through the impingement openings of the secondary insert.

Steam cooling system for balance piston of a steam turbine and associated methods

Abstract: A steam cooling system (30) and associated methods are provided which have a first high pressure (HP) steam turbine (12) having a straight through configuration, a second intermediate pressure (IP) steam turbine (16) having a straight through configuration positioned adjacent the first HP steam turbine (12), and a balance piston (40) positioned adjacent the inlet (17) of the second IP steam turbine (16) and between the second IP steam turbine (16) and the first HP steam turbine (12). A steam cooling conduit (32) is preferably positioned to have an inlet adjacent the first HP steam turbine (12) and an outlet adjacent the balance piston (40) for providing a steam cooling path therebetween. The system (10) also has a controller (31) positioned to control cooling steam pressure, a cooling steam control valve (35) connected to the conduit (32) and the controller (31), a first pressure sensor (33) in communication with the controller (31) and positioned adjacent the inlet (17) of the IP turbine (16) and downstream from the balance piston (40) for sensing inlet pressure to the second IP steam turbine (16), and a second pressure sensor (34) positioned in communication with the controller (31) in the conduit (32) upstream from the first pressure sensor (33) and the balance piston (40) and downstream from the cooling steam control valve (35) for sensing conduit cooling steam pressure so that the cooling steam control valve (35) operationally opens and closes to maintain the cooling steam conduit pressure at a predetermined level greater than the inlet pressure of the second IP turbine (16).

Steam generating device for heating and/or frothing liquids

Abstract: The steam generating device ( 1 ) is used to heat and/or froth liquids, especially milk. It includes an electrically driven pump ( 3 ) supplied with water from a water source ( 2 ), which pump delivers water in a controlled fashion to a continuous flow heater ( 6 ) heated by an electrically operated heating ( 22 ) by way of a conduit ( 13 ). The continuous flow heater ( 6 ) heats the water it receives in its steam pipe ( 18 ) to steam that is subsequently supplied to a steam tapping point, preferably a steam nozzle ( 7 ), where the steam exits under pressure. An intermediate tank ( 5 ) with an overflow chamber ( 53 ) which stores a defined quantity of water is provided in the conduit ( 13 ) between the pump ( 3 ) and the steam pipe ( 18 ). When the steam generating device ( 1 ) is switched on, the pump ( 3 ) is switched on simultaneously with the heating ( 22 ), and after the switch-on the water delivered by the pump ( 3 ) flows into the chamber ( 53 ) of the intermediate tank ( 5 ) and is retained there so long and is not delivered further to the continuous flow heater ( 6 ) until the continuous flow heater ( 6 ) has reached a temperature sufficient to evaporate water.

Dual-pressure steam injection partial-regeneration-cycle gas turbine system

Abstract: In the partial-regeneration cycle gas turbine system wherein part of the air compressed by a compressor 2 is extracted before a combustor 3 , mixed with steam, and after the mixed gas is superheated by exhaust heat of a turbine, and the mixed gas is injected into the combustor, high-pressure steam is used as a fluid for driving a first mixer 22 that compresses extracted air, to increase the ratio of extracted air to steam, and then this mixed gas of extracted air and steam is further mixed with low-pressure steam from a low-pressure exhaust heat boiler, in a second mixer, and the mixture of gas is superheated in a superheater 6 by exhaust heat of the turbine, and injected into the combustor. Thus, the pressure of the driving steam can be raised, an exergy loss in an exhaust heat recovery portion can be reduced, and the efficiency of power generation can be increased without reducing the flow of generated steam.

Steam heating device

Abstract: A steam heating device, comprising a steam feed tube (3) for feeding steam for heating and a condensate recovery device (6) discharging condensate produced by heating, both of which connected to a heating part (2) formed in a heat exchanger (1), characterized in that a steam ejector (5) having a sucking chamber (13) connected to the heating part (2) and an inlet part allowing the steam to be fed is provided and, when the temperature at the heating part (2) or at a position between the heating part (2) and the condensate recovery device (6) is lowered by a specified value, steam is fed from the steam feed tube (3) to the inlet part of the steam ejector (5) so as to suck the gas in the heating part (2) into the sucking chamber (13) of the steam ejector (5).

Steam cleaning system

Abstract: A steam cleaning system for ridding a workpiece of contaminants by directing a jet of steam onto the workpiece. The system includes a steam generator characterized by a central cavity having walls for containing water fed into it from a water inlet conduit. The steam generator includes a heating element for heating the cavity walls to vaporize water located in proximity to the walls. At least a portion of the cavity walls are provided with a thin porous layer of non-corrodible material to form a surface substantially free of major surface irregularities. The porous layer promotes water vaporization, flashing it into steam. Steam formed in the cavity may be superheated for discharge onto the workpiece through an external nozzle. The system components, including the water pump, are made of non-corrodible, preferably non-lubricated materials to prevent contamination of the workpiece and increase the service life of the pump.

Method for starting up a once-through heat recovery steam generator and apparatus for carrying out the method

Abstract: A separator ( 8 ) is arranged downstream of the superheater section ( 4 ) of the once through heat recovery steam generator ( 1 ). A branch line ( 9 ) running to the separator ( 8 ) is branched off from an outflow line ( 5 ) running from the superheater section ( 4 ) to the steam turbine ( 6 ). An outflow line ( 11 ) for separated water runs from the separator ( 8 ) to the once through heat recovery steam generator ( 1 ). The steam separated in the separator ( 8 ) can flow through a bypass line ( 13 ) to the condensor/hotwell ( 14 ). For starting up the once through heat recovery steam generator ( 1 ), the latter is filled with water, the water is loop-circulated through the separator ( 8 ) and the outflow line ( 11 ) in the once through heat recovery steam generator ( 1 ) or water steam cycle and the supply of heat is initiated. In this case, the main shutoff member ( 7 ) upstream of the steam turbine ( 6 ) is closed, and the branch shutoff member ( 10 ) in the branch line ( 9 ) upstream of the separator ( 8 ) is open. When the formation of steam commences, the latter flows out of the separator ( 8 ) through the bypass line ( 13 ) to the condenser ( 14 ). When the steam conforms to the requirements of the steam turbine ( 6 ), the main shutoff member ( 7 ) is opened and the branch shutoff member ( 10 ) closed, thus ensuring an early start-up of the steam turbine ( 6 ).

Method of cooling the shaft of a high pressure steam turbine

Abstract: The high pressure expansion section (11) of a steam turbine (10) has a rotatably located shaft (13) enclosed in a housing. It is provided with an inflow for feed of fresh steam (m1) at a specific temperature and pressure from a steam producer (15). A further feed for cool steam (m2) is provided, which is taken from the steam producer and has a lower temperature and a higher pressure than the fresh steam. The feed issues into a ring groove in the housing encompassing the shaft. The shaft is formed as a piston in the area of the further feed, which compensates forces, which act in an axial direction on the blades of the shaft. The inflows for the fresh steam and the further feed for the cool steam are arranged closely next to each other.

Integrated heat pipe vent condenser

Abstract: An integrated heat pipe vent condenser for a heat pipe steam condenser has a vent condenser casing surrounding one or more heat pipes in a vapor duct of the heat pipe steam condenser. The casing may be provided at an inclined orientation relative to a vertical axis of the heat pipe steam condenser. A plurality of baffles are positioned within the casing to provide a serpentine path for a vapor flow entering the casing from the vapor duct to pass through. Condensable gases from the vapor flow condense on the heat pipes and baffles and condensate is drained back into the vapor duct for removal through a drain or downcomer having a trap to prevent vapor flow from entering the downcomer.

Steam turbogenerator set having a steam turbine and a driven machine for producing electrical power, and method for operation of the steam turbogenerator set

Abstract: A steam turbogenerator set includes a common shaft for a steam turbine and a driven machine with a generator, downstream of which a frequency converter is connected Electrical power can be fed at a predetermined frequency through the frequency converter into a load network Bearings of the common shaft are cooled and lubricated with water Since there is no gearing requiring cooling and lubricating, and control valves for the steam are also driven without oil, the risk of contamination or fire caused by oil is avoided A method for operation of the steam turbogenerator set is also provided

Single shaft combined cycle plant and operating thereof

Abstract: A system configuration and operating method for a single shaft combined cycle plant includes a gas turbine, an exhaust heat recovery boiler for generating steam using exhaust heat discharged from the gas turbine, and a steam turbine driven by steam generated from the exhaust heat recovery boiler. Rotors of the gas turbine and rotors of the steam turbine are coupled. The steam turbine includes a high pressure turbine being supplied with and driven by high pressure steam generated at a superheater of the exhaust heat recovery boiler and a reheating turbine supplied with and driven by steam that passes through the high pressure turbine and is reheated by a reheater of the exhaust heat recovery boiler. The gas turbine operates independently and a regulated amount of cooling steam is supplied to the steam turbine in order to prevent superheating due to windage loss of the steam turbine rotating in an unventilated state. A bypass path is provided in parallel with the exhaust heat recovery boiler as a path through which cooling steam flows in order to further raise the cooling effect, and each turbine and a condenser are made to communicate so as to make pressure within the turbines low.

Method for transforming heat using a vortex aggregate

Abstract: The aim of the invention is to reduce exhaust steam losses and thus efficiency losses in condensation power stations such that the steam does not expand to the attainable vacuum (as is the case in the prior art) but, after extraction from a turbine or the like, is elevated in the caloric content thereof to a higher pressure stage in a heat transformer by means of pumps, which are connected upstream therefrom and which are provided for the secondary circuit, in order to effect a renewed expansion at said heat transformer. This is repeated as often as possible until the quantity of heat which otherwise escapes through the cooling tower is largely converted into electric energy.

Combined cycle power generation plant and warming and cooling steam supply method of combined cycle power generation plant

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a combined cycle power generation plant and a warming and cooling steam supply method of a combined cycle power generation plant for supplying steam for warming to a steam turbine during gas turbine load increasing in cold start, supplying steam for cooling to the steam turbine in re-intrusion after load shutdown, and supplying steam for cooling to the steam turbine during the no-ventilation operation after load shutdown. SOLUTION: This combined cycle power generation plant is provided with an auxiliary steam system 39 for supplying steam from the outside to an intermediate gland packing 51 disposed between a high pressure turbine 21 and a medium pressure turbine 22 of a stem turbine plant 24.

Directly contacting type condenser for axial-flow exhaust turbine

Abstract: PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To adopt an axial-flow exhaust type steam turbine by providing a directly contacting type condenser, capable of preventing water induction in a steam turbine power generating plane where the directly contacting type condenser is adopted. SOLUTION: In the directly contacting type condenser formed in a type where a cooling water line and a circulating water line are disposed between a cooling tower, and the direct contacting type condenser and a circulating water pump is interposed in the circulating water line, an erecting part is formed on the cooling water line, a siphon breaker composed of a branch pipe and a valve is connected to the vicinity of the top part of the erective part, and thereby, water is prevented from flowing from the cooling water line and the circulating water line at the time of circulating water pump trip, and also water induction is prevented.