Showing papers on "Swertia published in 2020"

Optimization of salicylic acid and chitosan treatment for bitter secoiridoid and xanthone glycosides production in shoot cultures of Swertia paniculata using response surface methodology and artificial neural network

Abstract: In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) was used to construct the predicted models of linear, quadratic and interactive effects of two independent variables viz. salicylic acid (SA) and chitosan (CS) for the production of amarogentin (I), swertiamarin (II) and mangiferin (III) from shoot cultures of Swertia paniculata Wall. These compounds are the major therapeutic metabolites in the Swertia plant, which have significant role and demand in the pharmaceutical industries. Present study highlighted that different concentrations of SA and CS elicitors substantially influenced the % yield of (I), (II) and (III) compounds in the shoot culture established on modified ½ MS medium (supplemented with 2.22 mM each of BA and KN and 2.54 mM NAA). In RSM, different response variables with linear, quadratic and 2 way interaction model were computed with five-factor-three level full factorial CCD. In ANN modelling, 13 runs of CCD matrix was divided into 3 subsets, with approximate 8:1:1 ratios to train, validate and test. The optimal enhancement of (I) (0.435%), (II) (4.987%) and (III) (4.357%) production was achieved in 14 days treatment in shoot cultures of S. paniculata elicited by 9 mM and 12 mg L− 1 concentrations (SA) and (CS). In optimization study, (I) show 0.170–0.435%; (II) display 1.020–4.987% and (III) upto 2.550–4.357% disparity with varied range of SA (1–20 mM) and CS (1–20 mg L− 1). Overall, optimization of elicitors to promote secoiridoid and xanthone glycoside production with ANN modeling (r2 = 100%) offered more significant results as compared to RSM (r2 = 99.8%).

Metabolite profiling, antioxidant potential and RP-UFLC determination of bioactive molecules from eight Swertia species

Abstract: The present study aimed to investigate phytochemical composition, antioxidant potential and quantification of anticancer, hepatoprotective and antidiabetic compounds using RP-UFLC from eight Swertia species. Extracts were obtained and evaluated for total phenolics; flavonoids as well as antioxidant properties were assessed by DPPH and FRAP assays. Identification and quantification of active components from different extracts obtained were performed by using RP-UFLC. Total phenolic content among the Swertia species ranged from 08.84 to 32.77 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g whereas total flavonoid content varied within range of 03.66–27.01 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g plant material in different solvent extracts. DPPH activity, ranging from 20.67 to 91.85 percent radical scavenging activity (% RSA), whereas FRAP activity ranging from 00.98 to 04.34 mg Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity (AEAC)/g plant material in different solvent extracts. The varied range of content of active components was observed (Swertiamarin 3.18–130.53 mg/g, Betulinic Acid 0.63–1.93 mg/g, Oleanolic acid 1.09–21.80 mg/g and ursolic acid 0.39–10.57 mg/g). Hierarchical multivariate cluster analysis study divided eight species into seven clusters with two major clades with similarity ranging from 57.83 to 97.22% on the basis of TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity while dendrogram obtained from UFLC analyses had one major clade at 35.31% with six species separated from remaining two forming other clade with 35.31%–97.22% similarity. Depending on higher phytochemical content study represent S. chirayita to be the superior candidate among the all other species, contributing to higher DPPH and FRAP antioxidant activities with higher swertiamarin content.

Secondary metabolites from endangered Gentiana, Gentianella, Centaurium, and Swertia species (Gentianaceae): promising natural biotherapeutics

Abstract: Gentianaceae have a long history of use as traditional remedies for the treatment of various ailments. The medicinal properties of crude herbal drug are attributed to bitter glycosides, flavonoids, and xanthones, the main plant secondary metabolites. These plant-derived molecules, especially naturally occurring xanthones, possess a broad spectrum of bioactivity, being anticarcinogenic, antimicrobial, neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and cardioprotective. Most Gentianaceae species are rare and endangered by uncontrolled overharvesting and influences of various environmental factors (habitat loss, climate change, and invasive species spreading). The decline of Gentianaceae species poses a high risk to the loss of an enormous diversity of potentially bioactive compounds. In this chapter we will summarize the pharmacological activities of identified secondary metabolites from endangered species belonging to four Gentianaceae genera (Gentiana, Gentianella, Centaurium, and Swertia), as well as the importance of biodiversity conservation in the context of their biotherapeutic potential.

Identification of Tibetan medicine Dida based on DNA barcoding.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to test the ability of DNA barcoding to identify the herbal raw trade of Tibetan medicine Dida in China. A reference database for plant-material DNA barcodes was successfully constructed and used to identify 36 commercially samples of Dida collected from Southwest China. The ITS sequence was amplified from these samples and the efficiency of the PCR amplification of ITS was 100%. The DNA sequencing results revealed that 3 samples (8.3%) were authenticated as Swertia chirayita, 2 sequences (5.6%) were authenticated as Swertia mussotii, 3 sequences (8.3%) were authenticated as Swertia ciliata, as recorded in the Tibetan Pharmacopeia. The other samples were authenticated as adulterants and all of them originated from common plants belonging to Saxifraga, Swertia and Halenia. This result indicates Dida pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and may indicate a potential safety issue and DNA barcoding is a convenient tool for market supervision.

Swertia spp.: A Potential Source of High-Value Bioactive Components, Pharmacology, and Analytical Techniques

Abstract: Swertia (Gentianaceae), a diverse genus, is mentioned as a potential herbal drug in Ayurvedic, Unani, and Siddha traditional systems of medicine. Since time immemorial, 70 Swertia species have been used worldwide to cure several health illnesses associated with malaria, cancer, diabetes, inflammation, liver complications, different kinds of fever, etc. Swertia herb is used as the principal component in several marketed herbal/polyherbal formulations. Medicinal usage of Swertia is endorsed to the miscellaneous compounds, viz. xanthones, iridoids, seco-iridoids, and triterpenoids. Swertia is one of the most imperative trade herbs since its market value rises by 10% yearly. A chain of systematic isolation of bioactive compounds and their diverse range of pharmacological effects during the last 10–15 years proved this genus as an industrially important plant. This chapter makes an effort to present the comprehensive assessment on distribution, ethnopharmacology, biological activities, phytochemistry, extraction, and analysis of major bioactive compounds in selected species of Swertia in the past few years, and thus to explore the conventional and nonconventional ways of isolation and evaluation of pharmacologically significant bioactive compounds and to screen out the elite variety of Swertia spp.

Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Swertia souliei (Gentianaceae)

Abstract: Abstract The complete chloroplast genome sequence of Swertia souliei, an alpine annual herbaceous plant endemic to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP), is reported in this study. The plastome is 152,804 bp in length, with one large single-copy region of 83,195 bp, one small single-copy region of 18,096 bp, and two inverted repeat (IR) regions of 25,756 bp. It contains 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding, 8 ribosomal RNA, and 37 transfer RNA genes. Phylogenetic tree shows that this species is a sister to the clade containing S. leducii, S. verticillifolia, and S. mussotii. The complete chloroplast genome could provide significant insight for understanding the phylogenetic relationship of taxa within Gentianaceae.