Showing papers on "Time perception published in 1983"

Duration judgment and the experience of change

Abstract: Predictions based on storage size, processing effort, and change models of time estimation were tested in five experiments. The first of these presented subjects with stimulus patterns that varied on dimensions of sensory-event number and uncertainty. Subjects estimated the duration of time periods using the reproduction method. Duration estimates were most accurately predicted by the number of sensory events in each pattern. This relationship was generally positive, although the specific function relating these variables was dependent upon clock duration. The change model seemed to fit these data best. Experiment 2 demonstrated that the relationship between sensory change and judged duration was not due to the total time of sensory input. Experiments 3, 4, and 5 tested the effects of several different types of change. In Experiments 3 and 4, the number of sensory events was held constant, but the regularity of their spatial presentation was varied. In both experiments, duration judgments were positively related to the number of changes that occurred. Because the manipulations used in these experiments produced differences in the visual complexity of stimulus patterns, the argument could be made that storage size or processing effort accounted for the size of duration judgments. Experiment 5 tested the effects of change while holding the visual complexity of stimulus patterns constant. A positive relationship between duration judgments and number of changes was again found.

Hemisphere specialization of the animal brain for information processing principles.

Abstract: The experiments were performed on white rats. Different techniques for forming conditioned reflexes were used. Hemisphere cortex inactivation was carried out by means of spreading depression. The right hemisphere was shown to dominate for space perception, simultaneous information processing, concrete characteristics perception, and deductive processing; the left hemisphere was shown to dominate for time perception, successive information processing, abstract characteristics perception, and inductive processing. A hypothesis of induction and deduction being the main factors determining function lateralization in the hemispheres of the animal brain was put forward.

Subjective Acceleration of Time: Death Anxiety and Sex Differences

Abstract: 24 male and 50 female undergraduates reported that time seemed to pass more rapidly at the present than when they were one-half and one-quarter their present ages. Sex differences in the rate in which time seemed to pass were observed. Also, the results partially support Lemlich's (1975) hypothesis. Time perception did not correlate significantly with death anxiety.

Auditory and visual differences in time perception.

Abstract: The present experiment assessed intersensory differences in temporal judgments, that is, auditory stimuli are perceived as longer than physically equivalent visual stimuli. The results confirmed the intersensory difference. Auditorially defined intervals were experienced as longer than visually defined intervals. Auditory boundaries were perceived as longer than visual ones. An interaction of boundary modality and interval modality was obtained which suggested that auditorially defined intervals provided more temporal information about events occurring in close temporal proximity than visually defined intervals. It was hypothesized that cognitive factors, specifically stimulus complexity, would affect the auditory and visual systems differentially. This hypothesis was not substantiated, although highly complex stimuli were experienced as longer than those of low complexity.

Time estimation of a secondary event.

Abstract: This study explored time estimation for a secondary event while the subjects were attentively engaged in a primary one. It also examined whether the perception of time is hemispherically lateralized as estimated by the dichotic listening technique. A tone of 500 Hz was delivered to either ear equally often while the subject was shadowing a recorded passage also presented to either ear. At the end of the tone, the subject estimated the tone's duration. There were three levels of shadowing demands, i.e., control, slow and fast, and four tonal durations, i.e., 6, 14, 27, 63 sec. Subjects tended to underestimate more the tonal duration when the primary task, i.e., shadowing the passage, was more demanding. No clearcut indication of hemispheric lateralization of temporal duration was found.

Lateralization factors in the vertebrate brain

Abstract: Conditioning in white rats and suppression of a hemisphere's cortex with spreading depression revealed that the right hemisphere prevailed in perception of space, in the simultaneous information processing, in perception of concrete signs and in deductive processing whereas the left hemisphere was predominant in perception of time, in successive information processing, in perception of abstract signs and in inductive processing. Induction and deduction are hypothetically assumed to be the main factors determining the lateralization of functions in the brain hemispheres.