Showing papers on "Total petroleum hydrocarbon published in 1997"

Field Test of Produced Water Treatment With Polymer Modified Bentonite

Abstract: The combination of ET Ventures' ET #1 and granular activated carbon consistently and effectively removed hydrocarbons from Tensleep formation produced water in a 24-hour test at Teapot Dome oil field. Specific findings are that ET #1: . Reduced Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (EPA Method 418.1) to non-detectable levels. . Reduced Oil and Grease (EPA Method 413.2) to non-detectable levels. . Reduced soluble hydrocarbons: Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene, and Xylene (BTEX- EPA method 8020) to barely detectable levels. BTEX was below detectable limits after the combination of ET #1 and granular activated carbon.

Field method for the detection of total petroleum hydrocarbon in water and soil samples

Abstract: A new field GC/MS method for fast evaluation of total petroleum hydrocarbons is presented. It can be seen as a spin-off from our fast non target screening GC/MS analysis developed in the last years. This sum parameter evaluation of chromatographically unseparated multicompound mixtures is an additional favour of chromatographic methods on short GC columns. Straight forward sample preparation and analysis in less than 10 min make this method also interesting as substitution to common IR methods for hydrocarbon sum parameter estimation which use banned chlorinated solvents in large amounts.

Toxicological monitoring of an oil-impacted estuarine marshland

Abstract: Toxicological monitoring was conducted on an estuarine marshland in the Houston Ship Channel following a local oil spill. Acute toxicity of petroleum-contaminated sediments, as determined by the Microtox Bioassay, was used to monitor intrinsic recovery of the impacted marsh. Sediment toxicity was determined by performing the Microtox 100% test on elutriates from wet sediment samples collected over a 7-month period following the spill. Toxic responses were examined for spatial and temporal relationships and were compared to various parameters of interest, including total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), total extractable materials (commonly referred to as oil and grease [O&G]), and GC/MS-quantified total saturates and aromatics. Toxicity was randomly distributed within the study site and decreased with time. Acute toxicity was correlated with TPH measurements and moderately correlated with GC/MS-quantified saturate concentrations. However, toxicity levels were not correlated with O&G or GC/MS aromatic...

Optimization of SFE Conditions for the Removal of Diesel Fuel

Abstract: Successful strategies for quantitative removal of contaminants such as diesel fuel from soils by supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) require the development of extraction profiles using an inert matrix. We investigated the optimum SFE conditions for quantitative removal of diesel fuel with supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) from spiked samples of Celite®. The range of pressure tested was 200 to 500 atm and the temperature range was 50 to 70°C. The greatest recovery of diesel fuel was for the conditions of 300 or 350 atm and 50°C for 30 minutes. Recovery was determined by total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) analysis by gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC/FID) and by weight difference. With losses due to sample handling accounted for, more than 95% recovery was observed at these conditions. The moderate temperatures and pressures required for SFE with CO2 along with rapid recoveries promise an efficient technology for soil remediation.

Recycling. The Remediation and Recycling of the Soil Contaminated with Petroleum Hydrocarbon.

Abstract: The subsurface contamination with Petroleum Hydrocarbon (PH) can cause serious environmental problems such as the effect to human health or the decline of soil-bearing capacity. Numerous remediation technologies for PH has been developed, and one demonstrated technology is well known as bioremediation. In this study, our goal is to recycle the soil which contaminated with PH using the bio-pile and flotation methods. The bio-pile as one of the bioremediation methods is heaping contaminated soil in which the pipe for supplying air, water and nutrients were installed to activate the indigenous microorganisms in the soil to degrade contaminants. Heap also contains sawdust to keep ventilation for air and initial nutrients in proportion to the amount of contaminants. During this study, oxygen concentration, volatile compounds, number of bacteria, temperature and moisture were monitored. From the fact thatoxygen in the gas decreased from 20 to about 2% and the temperature inside the pile increased from 20 to 40°C, it was confirmed the indigenous microorganisms were activated by this method. And Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was finally degraded to about 50% of the initial amount.The soil remediated by the bio-pile still contained 3, 000-5, 000mg/kg of Asphaltene (it shared about 15% of the rest TPH) and 4, 000-8, 000mg/kg of Resin (about 20%) which were not degraded by the microorganisms. For this soil, flotation treatment was conducted sequentially to the rest of PH, and it was confirmed that the TPH concentration of soil could be degraded to less than 1, 000 mg/kg.It was concluded that the combination of this bio-pilewith other methods such as the flotation method could effectively remediate the soil contaminated with PH and remediated soil could be recycled as a clean soil.

Stripping volatile organic compounds and petroleum hydrocarbons from water by tray aeration

Abstract: : Volatile organic compounds (VOCS) and petroleum products are ubiquitous groundwater contaminants. Petroleum products, e.g., diesel fuel, contain a wide array of volatile, semivolatile, and long chain hydrocarbon compounds. This research sought to determine whether air stripping can provide a site specific treatment solution for petroleum contaminated groundwaters and to document the abilities and limitations of tray type (Shallow Tray) air stripping technology. Full factorial experimental trials were conducted to determine the influence of inlet water flow rate and temperature on trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE) and total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) removal. As expected, TPH removal controlled air stripper performance, and liquid temperature affected removal more than flow rate. The mass transfer rate of TCE and PCE from water to air was controlled by the compound's volatility, while the TPH mass transfer rate was controlled by the compound's concentration gradient. Results indicate that economical air stripping of VOC and TPH compounds can be achieved using low liquid flow rates (20-75 L/min) and medium liquid temperatures (16-28 deg C) in tray type air strippers.

Diagnostic Procedures for Petroleum Contaminated Sites: The State-of-the-Art

Abstract: Investigation know-how of petroleum contaminated sites can be considered as a difficult target in Environment studies. In the framework of the EUREKA RESCOPP project, the authors, with the quite significant contribution of a large specialist team, wrote a handbook of procedures and methods, summarising the State-of-the-Art for the investigation of petroleum contaminated sites. For that, BRGM, AgipPetroli, Aquater, Burgeap and ELF Aquitaine companies have contributed their experience, and the work was published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sum Parameter Evaluation of Toxic Compounds in Water and Soil Samples with Mobile GC/MS

Abstract: Sum parameters of pollutants are an aid for the toxicological classification of environmental samples. An example is the EPA parameter for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) calculated by adding the concentration of 16 characteristic compounds separated in high resolution chromatography. For the detection of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) few compounds out of the 209 possible isomers are the basis for a sum parameter evaluation. Petroleum hydrocarbons (PH) are almost detected by infrared spectroscopy measuring the absorption from carbon carbon bond oscillation.