Showing papers on "Unobtrusive research published in 1971"

The Effects of Type of Examination Anticipated on Test Preparation and Performance.

Abstract: This study investigated the effects of anticipation of either an objectives combined objective and essays or essay test on students’ study methods and actual performance on both objective and essay examinations. In the first of two experiments-conducted under ordinary classroom conditions-introductory education students were told to anticipate one of the three midterm examination formats. In the second experiment-conducted with language arts students-the preparation period was tightly controlled to permit precise, unobtrusive measures of study methods. In both experiments each analysis of study method variables and various performance criteria revealed no reliable differences between the three treatment groups, suggesting that kind of examination expected did not affect amount or type of preparation, or actual performance on either examination type.

The Concurrent Validity of Unobtrusive Measures of Conflict in Small ISOLATED Groups

Abstract: : Six unobtrusive measures of group behavior (type of response to a conflict criterion item) and response or not to a sociometric questionnaire were correlated with 3 criteria reflecting a concurrent validation procedure. Results supported the general hypothesis that the unobtrusive measures used were indicative of conflict in small isolated groups. An unexpected finding indicated that response to stress or conflict may be characterized by apparently opposite types of behavior within groups -- either withholding information or making strong negative statements about another.