Showing papers on "Unobtrusive research published in 2020"
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found significant differences in the linguistic styles of liberals and conservatives using 32 individual dictionaries and found that moderates used more benevolent language, whereas extremists used more language pertaining to inhibition, tentativeness, affiliation, resistance to change, certainty, security, anger, anxiety, negative affect, swear words, and death-related language.
Abstract: For nearly a century social scientists have sought to understand left-right ideological differences in values, motives, and thinking styles. Much progress has been made, but-as in other areas of research-this work has been criticized for relying on small and statistically unrepresentative samples and the use of reactive, self-report measures that lack ecological validity. In an effort to overcome these limitations, we employed automated text analytic methods to investigate the spontaneous, naturally occurring use of language in nearly 25,000 Twitter users. We derived 27 hypotheses from the literature on political psychology and tested them using 32 individual dictionaries. In 23 cases, we observed significant differences in the linguistic styles of liberals and conservatives. For instance, liberals used more language that conveyed benevolence, whereas conservatives used more language pertaining to threat, power, tradition, resistance to change, certainty, security, anger, anxiety, and negative emotion in general. In 17 cases, there were also significant effects of ideological extremity. For instance, moderates used more benevolent language, whereas extremists used more language pertaining to inhibition, tentativeness, affiliation, resistance to change, certainty, security, anger, anxiety, negative affect, swear words, and death-related language. These research methods, which are easily adaptable, open up new and unprecedented opportunities for conducting unobtrusive research in psycholinguistics and political psychology with large and diverse samples. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
38 citations
01 Nov 2020
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of recent studies using the unobtrusive archival approach for CEO narcissism has failed to find acceptable reliability, failed to report low reliability, and have engaged in questionable data transformations.
Abstract: Using an unobtrusive archival narcissism measure (Chatterjee and Hambrick in Adm Sci Q 52:351–386, 2007; Adm Sci Q 56:202–237, 2011), CEO narcissism has been linked to important strategic issues: overpayment for acquisitions, risk taking, fraud, etc., but measurement unreliability raises important questions about this research. Six studies (N = 791, comprising 5.3% of CEOs in this review) reported Cronbach’s alphas that met minimum standards (.71 ≤ α ≤ .75) along with other reliability results that were often mixed (e.g. poor test–retest reliability and factor analysis results). However, 37 studies (N = 14,165, 94.7% of CEOs) had unacceptable reliability or failed to report any evidence of reliability at all. Out of 43 studies (total N = 14,956 CEOs), 10 studies (N = 3582) obtained unreported (calculated) Cronbach’s α ≤ .58, 10 studies reported no evidence of reliability or indicator correlations, despite using multiple indicators, and 10 studies justified a measure of narcissism by citing Chatterjee and Hambrick’s (2007) work, but actually relied on only a single archival indicator. Recent studies using the unobtrusive archival approach for CEO narcissism have failed to find acceptable reliability, failed to report low reliability, and have engaged in questionable data transformations. In an operational replication study, data collection procedures were carefully followed, but acceptable results were not obtained in three CEO samples. This article concludes by considering implications for CEO narcissism research and recommendations for future research involving unobtrusive measures.
18 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors systematically reviewed the literature using unobtrusive measures to study organizational culture and introduced the concept of an unobtrusiveness measure to synthesize, theorize, and evaluate this research.
Abstract: We systematically reviewed the literature using unobtrusive measures to study organizational culture. To synthesize, theorize, and evaluate this research, we introduce the concept of an unobtrusive...
11 citations
18 Jun 2020
TL;DR: In this article, direct observation of behaviour offers an unobtrusive method of assessing physical activity in urban spaces, which reduces biases associated with self-report, but there are no existing observa...
Abstract: Direct observation of behaviour offers an unobtrusive method of assessing physical activity in urban spaces, which reduces biases associated with self-report. However, there are no existing observa...
8 citations
TL;DR: The communication and proximity networks seem to be promising unobtrusive measures of peer connections and are less of a burden to the participant compared to a nominated network, however, they should not be used as direct substitutes for sociometric nominations, and researchers should bear in mind what type of connections they wish to assess.
Abstract: Background: Technological progress has enabled researchers to use new unobtrusive measures of relationships between actors in social network analysis. However, research on how these unobtrusive measures of peer connections relate to traditional sociometric nominations in adolescents is scarce. Therefore, the current study compared traditional peer nominated networks with more unobtrusive measures of peer connections: Communication networks that consist of instant messages in an online social platform and proximity networks based on smartphones' Bluetooth signals that measure peer proximity. The three social network types were compared in their coverage, stability, overlap, and the extent to which the networks exhibit the often observed sex segregation in adolescent social networks. Method: Two samples were derived from the MyMovez project: a longitudinal sample of 444 adolescents who participated in the first three waves of the first year of the project (Y1; 51% male; Mage = 11.29, SDage = 1.26) and a cross-sectional sample of 774 adolescents that participated in fifth wave in the third year (Y3; 48% male; Mage = 10.76, SDage = 1.23). In the project, all participants received a research smartphone and a wrist-worn accelerometer. On the research smartphone, participants received daily questionnaires such as peer nomination questions (i.e., nominated network). In addition, the smartphone automatically scanned for other smartphones via Bluetooth signal every 15 minutes of the day (i.e., proximity network). In the Y3 sample, the research smartphone also had a social platform in which participants could send messages to each other (i.e., communication network). Results: The results show that nominated networks provided data for the most participants compared to the other two networks, but in these networks, participants had the lowest number of connections with peers. Nominated networks showed to be more stable over time compared to proximity or communication networks. That is, more connections remained the same in nominated networks than in proximity networks over the three waves of Y1. The overlap between the three networks was rather small, indicating that the networks measured different types of connections. Nominated and communication networks were segregated by sex, whereas this was less the case in proximity networks. Conclusion: The communication and proximity networks seem to be promising unobtrusive measures of peer connections and are less of a burden to the participant compared to a nominated network. However, given the structural differences between the networks and the number of connections per wave, the communication and proximity networks should not be used as direct substitutes for sociometric nominations, and researchers should bear in mind what type of connections they wish to assess.
5 citations
09 Sep 2020
TL;DR: Unobtrusive measures are measures that do not intrude on or interfere with the context of the research as discussed by the authors, unlike self-reported data, and are not influenced by the research situation, make it possible to reach hard to get respondents, and allow for data collection from older or longer time periods.
Abstract: Unobtrusive measures are measures that—unlike self‐reports—do not intrude on or interfere with the context of the research. Observation, physical traces, and archives and documents are the three main categories of nondigital unobtrusive data. Digital unobtrusive measures can be collected online or offline, at aggregate or individual levels. Merits of unobtrusive measures are that they are not influenced by the research situation, make it possible to reach hard to get respondents, and allow for data collection from older or longer time periods. Digital unobtrusive data come in great numbers and give a detailed picture of user behavior. Limitations of unobtrusive measures include issues of validity, privacy, and representativity.
3 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used unobtrusive measures to evaluate CEOs' narcissism and found that most of these measures have not been validated sufficiently, even though such measures have been used for a long time.
Abstract: Recent research on CEOs’ narcissism has mostly used unobtrusive measures, even though such measures have not been validated sufficiently. In two settings (Study 1 with 601 participants from various...
3 citations
16 Jul 2020
TL;DR: This paper identifies and proposes a solution for gaps that have made timely feedback problematic for P-8A aircrews, and presents a platform-agnostic approach capable of addressing instructional needs as well as challenges in managing “big data” and system integration.
Abstract: The US Navy seeks to leverage the tools, methods, and principles of data science to achieve a warfighting advantage over the nation’s enemies—an advantage that depends on making better-informed decisions in near real-time environments on topics such as operational flexibility, tactical techniques, and curriculum development. Achieving such a decision capability requires not only the creation of reliable, valid, and unobtrusive measures of warfighter proficiency that can be collected during training and operational events, but a means of enhancing human judgment and understanding with empirical evidence. The current plight of P-8A aircrews in receiving timely post-mission feedback highlights the gap between desire and reality. In this paper, we identify and propose a solution for gaps that have made timely feedback problematic for such aircrews. In so doing, we present a platform-agnostic approach capable of addressing instructional needs as well as challenges in managing “big data” and system integration.