Showing papers on "Urban density published in 1974"

Urban and Regional Planning

Abstract: This is the fifth edition of the classic text for students of urban and regional planning. It gives an historical overview of the developments and changes in the theory and practice of planning, throughout the entire twentieth century. This extensively revised edition follows the successful format of previous editions: it introduces the establishment of planning as part of the public health reforms of the late nineteenth century and goes on to look at the insights of the great figures who influenced the early planning movement, leading up to the creation of the post-war planning machine national and regional planning, and planning for cities and city regions, in the UK, from 1945 to 2010, is then considered. Specific reference is made to the most important British developments in recent times, including the Single Regeneration Budget, English Partnerships, the devolution of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland, the establishment of the Mayor of London and the dominant urban sustainability paradigm planning in Western Europe, since 1945, now incorporating new material on EU-wide issues, as well as updated country specific sections planning in the United States, since 1945, now discussing the continuing trends of urban dispersal and social polarisation, as well as initiatives in land use planning and transportation policies finally the book looks at the nature of the planning process at the start of the twenty-first century, reflecting briefly on shifts in planning paradigms since the 1960s and going on to discuss the main issues of the 1990s and 2000s, including sustainability and social exclusion and looking forward to the twenty-first century.

Congestion, Concentration and Behavior: Research in the Study of Urban Population Density

Abstract: This paper first reviews the descriptions and structural explanations for variations in urban population densities in the United States over several decades. The research reviewed focuses on shifts in the technology and economics of travel as being the major influences on urban density distributions. These variables appear to be somewhat less adequate as explanations of the process in recent decades. After reviewing these findings and suggesting several research questions, we attempt to assess the evidence relating variations in population density to several other aspects of human behavior. A review of the research relating high population densities to various "social pathologies" indicates that little of the variance in rates of these pathologies can be attributed to density independently of other social structural variables. Some important consequences of population density have been reported, however, and possible research directions are outlined.

The Future of the City: New Directions in Urban Planning

Abstract: If you really want to be smarter, reading can be one of the lots ways to evoke and realize. Many people who like reading will have more knowledge and experiences. Reading can be a way to gain information from economics, politics, science, fiction, literature, religion, and many others. As one of the part of book categories, the future of the city new directions in urban planning always becomes the most wanted book. Many people are absolutely searching for this book. It means that many love to read this kind of book.

Information in Urban Systems

Abstract: The potential uses of data as information in urban systems are infinite. Information technology both facilitates man’s use of data and increases his perceptions of possible uses. Such technology is represented by computers, telecommunications, and management science techniques. An inherent feature of the technology’s application is that there is a close relation between the technical capability available at any one time and the perceived uses of that capability. Perceptions both shape and are limited by the capabilities developed. New capabilities generate new perceptions of use.

Urban density and entropy functions.

Abstract: An approach to geographical hypothesis testing based on the concept of expected information is used to test various hypotheses concerning the distribution of population and its density, in the New York, London, and Los Angeles regions. A related method of analysis based on the idea of deriving equivalent forms of system in which entropy is maximized and expected information minimized, is then presented and this provides alternative ways in which the various hypotheses can be tested. Finally, the use of the spatial entropy formula in fitting continuous population density functions to cities is explored and some comparative tests with other methods of estimation are presented.

Toward a new model of urban planning

Abstract: Urban planning faces a tremendous challenge: changing i t s r o l e from land use planning to one of responding to "the current and urgent problems of the c i t y " . Under such circumstances the en t i r e approach to planning has come under question. Waterston summarizes the current problem i n hi s "three-horned planning dilemma". He asserts there are three approaches to planning, a l l of which must f a i l : comprehensive planning which assumes long-range s o c i e t a l goals can be i d e n t i f i e d , systems planning which attempts to provide structured solutions to unstructured problems, and p a r t i a l planning which merely f i g h t s "brushf i r e s " . This discourse engages i n a search f o r a way around the "threehorned planning dilemma". A dual methodology was used i n this study. F i r s t inductive research was selected which allowed a search f o r a new model of planning unconstrained and not misdirected by past planning t h e o r y — a confusing l i t e r a t u r e . With t h i s freedom, the inductive method n a t u r a l l y directed the research from a broad empirical base to generalizations, of a new theory. The second part of the methodology was the use of the case study technique. This search f o r a new model focused on a seemingly innovative urban planning agency. A case examination of planning i n the Greater Vancouver Regional D i s t r i c t between 1969 and 1973 provided the data base f o r the research. The four middle chapters contain the de t a i l e d descriptions of planning i n the GVRD. The case material provided basic conceptualizations f o r a d i s t i n c t model of urban planning as prac t i c e d i n the GVRD. GVRD planning proved to be

The Management of Urban Development

Abstract: In the less developed countries the cities play a vitally important role. Although urban centres are only a minor sector of the whole economy they stand out as belonging essentially to a different — more advanced — type of economic organisation than the rest of the economy, where the (more or less primitive) agricultural sector is predominant. The cities call for modern services of the types provided in advanced countries. In L.D.C.s it is common to find one or a few very large cities which are focal points for population. The remaining urban areas are more normal and more homogeneous in size. In fact some of them may be growing quite fast and others shrinking, even in a country with a high net reproduction rate.

The Impact of Urban Policy Analysis

Abstract: In Administrative Politics and Social Change, Louis Gawthrop proposes two different strategies to accomplish change in administrative organizations (Gawthrop, 1971). His political strategy would accommodate the diverse groups and bureaus involved in an issue in an attempt to define a policy which will be acceptable to all. The analytic strategy for organizational change is based on long-range planning, the specification of rational alternative courses of action and sophisticated evaluation of the differential impact of each option, thus yielding a policy fitted to the nature of the problem. Today the champions of the analytic strategy appear to be winning the day,