Showing papers on "Vegetable oil refining published in 1987"

Transesterified Curcas Oil Blends for Farm Diesel Engines

Abstract: PERFORMANCE, 50-h continuous, and starting tests were conducted using transesterified curcas oil. No. 2 diesel fuel, and their blends in two small precombustion chamber type diesel engines. Compatibility of engine parts to curcas oil was examined by submerging the parts in engine oil for 130 days. Blended oil produced superior thermal efficiency and fuel consumption equivalent to No. 2 diesel. There was a slight reduction in black smoke concentration when operating on transesterified curcas oil and its blended oils. The CO and HC concentrations from transesterified curcas oil increased at light loads and was equivalent to No. 2 diesel at full load. The HC concentrations of No. 2 diesel increased greatly at overload, while those of transesterified curcas oil decreased..

Process for enhancing the cetane number of diesel fuel

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises: (1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed; (2) removing unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1) to produce a treated diesel oil, and; (3) blending the treated diesel oil of step (2) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is (a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or (b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Vegetable oils and their effect on farm engine performance.

Abstract: PHYSICAL properties of rice bran oil, peanut oil, soybean oil and their blends with #2 diesel fuel were studied experimentally and correlated with the performance of a precombustion chamber type, single cylinder, diesel engine. The cetane number of the vegetable oil was lower than that of #2 diesel fuel. While #2 diesel fuel didn't include any oxygen, 10% oxygen was found in the weight of the vegetable oils. The lower-heating value of the vegetable oils was less than that of #2 diesel fuel, and the viscosity was very high compared with #2 diesel fuel. The above mentioned major differences of physical properties were found to control combustion parameters and to affect the engine performance with respect to emissions and fuel consumption.

Single Droplet Combustion of Sunflower Oil

Abstract: When sunflower oil (or plant oil, in general) was used as diesel engine fuel, the ignitability at low temperatures was much poorer than for No. 2 diesel oil. In addition, unburned carbon accumulated in the combustion chamber when the engine was idling. The research reported in this paper was conducted to investigate the causes of these problems. A single fuel droplet set at the tip of a combustion thread was inserted into an electric furnace and ignited. The behavior of the combustion was observed and analyzed by a high speed rotary video camera. The fuels studied were sunflower oil, No. 2 diesel oil, sunflower oil methyl ester and fish oil methyl ester. As a result, even if the droplet size of sunflower oil was the same as that of No. 2 diesel oil, its ignition delay was much longer than No. 2 diesel oil. This may be the main cause of poor ignitability of sunflower oil at low temperatures.

Process for enhancing the cetane number and color of diesel fuel

Abstract: A process for enhancement of the cetane number of a diesel fuel which in one embodiment comprises: (1) treating a diesel oil with a nitrogenous treating agent in a nitrogen amount, equivalent on a 100% nitric acid basis, to about 10 weight percent or less of the diesel oil feed; (2) separating unreacted nitrogenous treating agent from the diesel oil of step (1); (3) treating the diesel oil of step (2) with an inorganic alkali to produce a treated diesel oil; and (4) blending the treated diesel oil of step (3) with an untreated diesel oil to produce a blended diesel fuel such that the added nitrogen content in the blended diesel fuel is (a) about 300 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from virgin diesel oil stock; or (b) about 450 ppm or less of nitrogen added when the diesel oil treated in step (1) is obtained from hydrotreated diesel oil stock.

Vegetable Oils as Substitutes for Diesel Oil in Brazil

Abstract: EXCELLENT potential exists for Brazilian agriculture to develop a vegetable oil program as a substitute for diesel oil. Vegetable oils have surprisingly good fuel properties for application in compression ignition engines. One of the major limitations is the higher viscosity of vegetable oils which can be significantly improved by transesterification. Successful engine tests have been compelted with both indirect-injected (IDI) engines and direct-injected (DI) engines in Brazil. Results are more encouraging for IDI than those for DI engines. With the current international oil prices the use of vegetable oils as a substitute for diesel oil is not feasible. However, research programs should be continued in Brazil since the petroleum price may increase in the future.