Showing papers on "Vegetable oil refining published in 2004"

Temperature effect on the viscosities of palm oil and coconut oil blended with diesel oil

Abstract: One of the major difficulties in using crude vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines is their relatively high viscosities. Increasing the temperature of the crude vegetable oil, blending it with diesel oil, or the combination of both offers a simple and effective means of controlling and lowering the viscosities of vegetable oils. This work reports viscosity data, determined with a rotational bob-and-cup viscometer, for crude palm oil and cononut oil blended with diesel oil over the temperature range of 20–80°C and for different mixture compositions. All the test oil samples showed a time-independent newtonian type of flow behavior. The reduction of viscosity with increasing liquid temperature followed an exponential relationship, with the two constants of the equation being a function of the volume percentage of the vegetable oil in the mixture. A single empirical equation was developed for predicting the viscosity of these fuel mixtures under varying temperatures and blend compositions.

Production of vegetable oil fatty acid methyl esters from used frying oil by combined acidic/alkali transesterification

Abstract: In this paper the actual driving forces of the research, production and utilization of biofuels are listed for directing attention for these. The authors try to find a solution to utilize the greatly available spent frying oils as engine fuels. These spent frying oils have high free fatty acid content and are ranked as dangerous substances. In the experimental part a combined (acid and alkali catalyzed) transesterification process is presented where the promoting effect of the applied co-solvents during pre and main esterification and of the fatty acid methyl ester content of the product mixtures was investigated. Considering 2-4 h acidic transesterification (depending on the free fatty acid content of the feeds) followed by 2 h alkali catalyzed transesterification, the authors were able to find process parameters and solvents promoting the esterification, resulting in 97-98% methyl ester content within relatively short time. All products obtained by the combined transesterification have met the requirements of the currently valid EU standard.

Process for producing biological diesel oil

Abstract: The present invention relates to one technology of recovering fatty acid from waste. The leftover produced in the vegetable oil refining process and the recovered edible oil as material is processedthrough eliminating impurity, continuous dewatering, esterification, recovering methanol, letting stand to stratify, recovering glycerine, and continuous distillation to obtain biological diesel oil product. The said process is simple and reliable, may be completed in 6 hr, has acid value lowered to below 1 mg KOH/g, fatty acid converting rate as high as 93 %, high yield, low methanol consumption and low production cost, and is suitable for industrial production.

Thermal Cracking of Rapeseed Oil as Alternative Fuel

Abstract: Rapeseed oil was pyrolyzed in the presence of about 2% of calcium oxide up to a temperature of 450°C. A pyrolytic oil was produced that was narrow of diesel fuel. From the studies of ASTM distillation, the volumetric percentage of liquid in the same boiling range for diesel fuel was equal to 61% of the pyrolytic oil. The heating value of pyrolytic oil was 41.3 MJ/kg, which is equivalent to 93% of heating value of diesel fuel. The flash point was 80°C which is higher than diesel. This makes the pyrolytic product safer during handling and storage than diesel. In addition, thermally decomposed rapeseed oil was tested on a diesel engine and compared to diesel. The thermal efficiency (ηth) and brake specific fuel consumption were improved. The concentration of nitrogen oxides are less in the case of the produced fuel; this, in turn, reduced the formation of smog due to the presence of colored NOx. Moreover, the absence of sulfur in the pyrolytic oil is another advantage to avoid corrosion problems.

Heating fuel blend

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention provides a heating fuel blend comprising a petroleum based fuel and a vegetable oil. The petroleum based fuel can be selected from diesel fuel, fuel oil, and kerosene. The vegetable oil may be crude oil, degummed oil, or a mixture of crude and degummed oil and is selected from the group consisting of soybean oil, cottenseed oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, peanut oil, sunflowerseed oil, palm kernel oil, copra oil and other oils of similar composition produced by plants. In a preferred embodiment, the vegetable oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 50% by volume, in a more preferred embodiment the vegetable oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 20% by volume. A preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a petroleum based fuel and a soybean oil, where the soybean oil is present in an amount greater than zero and up to about 20% by volume. The invention also involves a method of making the heating fuel blend and a method of heating a building with the heating fuel blend.

Performance of an Engine Using Biodiesel from Refined Palm Oil Stearin and Biodiesel from Crude Coconut Oil

Abstract: Neat vegetable oil poses some problems when subjected to prolong use in CI engines. The problems are attributed to its high viscosity and low volatility. These problems can be minimized by the process of transesterification. In this study the transesterification reaction of refined palm oil stearin and crude coconut oil were carried out with methanol and ethanol using potassium hydroxide as a catalyst to yield biodiesels, methyl ester from refined palm oil stearin and ethyl ester from crude coconut oil. The products were evaluated by comparing physical characteristics of biodiesels to conventional diesel oil. These characteristics included specific gravity, density, viscosity, pour point, flash point, fire point, heating value, copper strip corrosion, conradson carbon residue etc. The biodiesels were then tested in a diesel engine to observe their actual performance and emissions. The fuel spray of biodiesels were also compared with the conventional diesel oil.

A inductrialized process and a device for production of gasoline, diesel oil from waste plastics

Abstract: A industrialized process and a device for production of gasoline, diesel oil from waste plastics, the waste plastics polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene or polyethylene, polystyrene or polypropylene, polystyrene are mixed in proportion and put into a reactor undergoing heating, liquefaction and pyrolyzing, the reactor has a dual-screw stirrer inside and a thermal medium of fusedsalt fluid layer outside, after that, subject the product to visbreaking, the pyrolyzing gas condenses to liquid, then goes through fractionation in fractionating tower; At the same time the melt plastics in the reactor is continuously pumped to solid-liquid separator, the residue, mud in the reactor are separated effectively and discharged from the separator through the screw extruder at the bottom of the solid-liquid separator, the clean melt plastics returns back to the reactor, after all the above steps, vacuum distillation is carried out. This invention doesn't need complex catalytic cracking device, run sequentially with high oil yield, good oil quality and low cost, it resolves the problem in existing production of gasoline, diesel oil from waste plastics, disposes white pollution effectively.

Control method for heavy fragrant plant oil acid value

Abstract: The present invention is control method for acid value of strong fragrant vegetable oil. The technological process includes fully moistening vegetable oil seed with composite antioxidant aqua comprising with vitamin E, tea polyphenol, carotenoid, etc.; steaming or frying and squeezing; processing obtained vegetable oil with solid processing agent for 0.5-2 hr, and filtering to obtain strong fragrant vegetable oil. The process can lower the acid value extremely, simplify the vegetable oil refining process, maintain the original flavor and color and maintain the natural product characteristic of strong fragrant vegetable oil.

Method for refining of vegetable oils from waxes

Abstract: FIELD: fat-and-oil industry, in particular, vegetable oil refining processes. ^ SUBSTANCE: method involves freezing out vegetable oil while adding auxiliary filtering powders; holding vegetable oil at low temperature; separating used filtering powder with wax-containing sediment from refined vegetable oil and regenerating separated used filtering powder; during regeneration process, mixing used filtering powder with additionally introduced fatty product to pasty state; heating while mixing to temperature sufficient for melting of all wax fractions and separating resultant mixture by centrifuging into regenerated dry filtering powder and wax-containing fatty product. Regenerated filtering powder produced may be utilized multiple times in the processes of freezing out of vegetable oil. ^ EFFECT: increased adsorptive activity with respect to wax globules on surface of filtering powder particles, reduced total consumption of filtering powder, obtaining of concentrated wax-containing fatty products immediately from used sediments, reduced loss of winterized oil due to blocking of inner pores of particles by wax-containing fat product.

High effect energy saving environment protection diesel fuel additive

Abstract: The high-efficiency energy-saving green diesel oil additive includes dimethyl ether 80-90 wt%, dimethyl ethyl ether 0-15 wt% and ethyl ether 2-20 wt%. The additive can raise the cetane number of diesel oil, raise cold start performance greatly, save energy by about 15 %, reduce noise, raise mechanical stability and reduce CO and HC compounds in tail gas by about 50 %.