https://www.cns.s.u-tokyo.ac.jp/~shimoura/research/nuc_data/pdf/19.pdf

Energy levels of light nuclei A=11☆

▪ Abstract We present an overview of the scientific opportunities that would be offered by a high-energy electron-ion collider. We discuss the relevant physics of polarized and unpolarized electron-proton collisions and of electron-nucleus collisions. We also describe the current accelerator and detector plans for a future electron-ion collider. This review is dedicated to the memory of Professor Vernon W. Hughes.

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Study of the fundamental structure of matter with an electron-ion collider

Since the discovery that the ratio of inclusive charged lepton (per-nucleon) cross-sections from a nucleus A to the deuteron is not unity — even in deep inelastic scattering kinematics — a great deal of experimental and theoretical effort has gone into understanding the phenomenon. The EMC effect, as it is now known, shows that even in the most extreme kinematic conditions the effects of the nucleon being bound in a nucleus cannot be ignored. In this paper, we collect the most precise data available for various nuclear to deuteron ratios, as well as provide a commentary on the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty year old effect.

The challenge of the EMC effect: Existing data and future directions

Since the discovery that the ratio of inclusive charged lepton (per-nucleon) cross sections from a nucleus A to the deuteron is not unity - even in deep inelastic scattering kinematics - a great deal of experimental and theoretical effort has gone into understanding the phenomenon. The EMC effect, as it is now known, shows that even in the most extreme kinematic conditions the effects of the nucleon being bound in a nucleus can not be ignored. In this paper we collect the most precise data available for various nuclear to deuteron ratios, as well as provide a commentary on the current status of the theoretical understanding of this thirty year old effect.

The Challenge of the EMC Effect: existing data and future directions

Pion electroproduction off the proton is analyzed in a new framework based on a general parametrization of transition amplitudes, including constraints from gauge invariance and threshold behavior. Data with energies $1.13\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}\mathrm{GeV}lWl1.6$ GeV and ${Q}^{2}$ below $6\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$ are included. The model is an extension of the latest J\"ulich-Bonn solution incorporating constraints from pion-induced and photoproduction data. Performing large-scale fits ($\ensuremath{\approx}{10}^{5}$ data) we find a set of solutions with ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{dof}}^{2}=1.69--1.81$ which allows us to assess the systematic uncertainty of the approach.

Jülich-Bonn-Washington model for pion electroproduction multipoles

Separated longitudinal and transverse cross sections for charged pion electroproduction from (1)H, (2)H, and (3)He were measured at Q(2) = 0.4 (GeV/c)(2) for two values of the invariant mass, W = 1.15 GeV and W = 1.60 GeV, in a search for a mass dependence which would signal the effect of nuclear pions. This is the first such study that includes recoil momenta significantly above the Fermi surface. The longitudinal cross section, if dominated by the pion-pole process, should be sensitive to nuclear pion currents. Comparisons of the longitudinal cross section target ratios to a quasifree calculation reveal a significant suppression in (3)He at W = 1.60 GeV. The W = 1.15 GeV results are consistent with simple estimates of the effect of nuclear pion currents, but are also consistent with pure quasifree production.

/pdf/longitudinal-electroproduction-of-charged-pions-from-1h-2h-2dy1fze80o.pdf

A. Ahmidouch

Papers

Longitudinal Electroproduction of Charged Pions from 1H, 2H, and 3He