Leu-M

A framework for better understanding membrane distillation separation process

Membranes and theoretical modeling of membrane distillation: a review.

https://opus.lib.uts.edu.au/bitstream/10453/30657/4/Final%20Revision_2_Unmarked%20without%20endnote%202014%2007%2028.pdf

Fouling and its control in membrane distillation-A review

In the rapidly developing shale gas industry, managing produced water is a major challenge for maintaining the profitability of shale gas extraction while protecting public health and the environment. We review the current state of practice for produced water management across the United States and discuss the interrelated regulatory, infrastructure, and economic drivers for produced water reuse. Within this framework, we examine the Marcellus shale play, a region in the eastern United States where produced water is currently reused without desalination. In the Marcellus region, and in other shale plays worldwide with similar constraints, contraction of current reuse opportunities within the shale gas industry and growing restrictions on produced water disposal will provide strong incentives for produced water desalination for reuse outside the industry. The most challenging scenarios for the selection of desalination for reuse over other management strategies will be those involving high-salinity produced water, which must be desalinated with thermal separation processes. We explore desalination technologies for treatment of high-salinity shale gas produced water, and we critically review mechanical vapor compression (MVC), membrane distillation (MD), and forward osmosis (FO) as the technologies best suited for desalination of high-salinity produced water for reuse outside the shale gas industry. The advantages and challenges of applying MVC, MD, and FO technologies to produced water desalination are discussed, and directions for future research and development are identified. We find that desalination for reuse of produced water is technically feasible and can be economically relevant. However, because produced water management is primarily an economic decision, expanding desalination for reuse is dependent on process and material improvements to reduce capital and operating costs.

/pdf/desalination-and-reuse-of-high-salinity-shale-gas-produced-31vn27zkft.pdf

Desalination and reuse of high-salinity shale gas produced water: drivers, technologies, and future directions

https://ris.utwente.nl/ws/files/6468160/Li92optimization.pdf

Optimization of commercial net spacers in spiral wound membrane modules

Desalination and water recycling by air gap membrane distillation

Novel spacers for mass transfer enhancement in membrane separations

This research focused on a study of the ionic liquid 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([mebupy]BF4) as a solvent in liquid−liquid extraction. Liquid−liquid equilibrium data were obtained for mixtures of 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate + (benzene or ethylbenzene or m-xylene) + (N-hexane or N-octane) at T = (313.2 and 348.2) K and T = (313.2 and 333.2) K for the ternary mixture with benzene and p = 0.1 MPa. The experimental data for the binary and ternary systems were well-correlated with the NRTL model. The aromatic/aliphatic selectivity values were comparable to those of toluene + N-heptane. The ionic liquid [mebupy]BF4 is therefore a suitable solvent for an industrial extraction process for the separation of aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Ternary liquid-liquid equilibria for mixtures of an aromatic + an aliphatic hydrocarbon + 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate

A solvent selection methodology for extractive distillation processes is applied to identify promising ionic liquid (IL) solvents for the following separation cases: methylcyclohexane/toluene, 1-hexene/n-hexane, and ethanol/water. Thermodynamic and phase stability analyses are done in order to understand the strong interactions between the solutes and ILs (solvents) and vice versa. The solvent preselection is done with COSMOtherm software (version C2.1, release 01.11a). Selectivities and activity coefficients at infinite dilution are predicted. Variations in the IL structure (in the cations and anions) and their effect on the solubility and selectivity are theoretically studied and experimentally confirmed. Suitable ILs are selected by experimentation at finite dilution (real solutions). A suitable IL for the separation of 1-hexene from n-hexane yielding a better performance than the conventional solvent N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) was not found. Tetracyanoborate-based ILs seem to be promising solvents f...

A.B. de Haan

Papers

Optimization of commercial net spacers in spiral wound membrane modules

Desalination and water recycling by air gap membrane distillation

Novel spacers for mass transfer enhancement in membrane separations

Ternary liquid-liquid equilibria for mixtures of an aromatic + an aliphatic hydrocarbon + 4-methyl-N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate

COSMO-RS-Based Ionic-Liquid Selection for Extractive Distillation Processes