Maternal education and child survival in developing countries: the search for pathways of influence.

Rapid prototyping (RP) is a common name for several techniques, which read in data from computer-aided design (CAD) drawings and manufacture automatically three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer according to the virtual design. The utilization of RP in tissue engineering enables the production of three-dimensional scaffolds with complex geometries and very fine structures. Adding micro- and nanometer details into the scaffolds improves the mechanical properties of the scaffold and ensures better cell adhesion to the scaffold surface. Thus, tissue engineering constructs can be customized according to the data acquired from the medical scans to match the each patient's individual needs. In addition RP enables the control of the scaffold porosity making it possible to fabricate applications with desired structural integrity. Unfortunately, every RP process has its own unique disadvantages in building tissue engineering scaffolds. Hence, the future research should be focused on the development of RP machines designed specifically for fabrication of tissue engineering scaffolds, although RP methods already can serve as a link between tissue and engineering.

/pdf/a-review-of-rapid-prototyping-techniques-for-tissue-6tqedz537o.pdf

A review of rapid prototyping techniques for tissue engineering purposes

In this paper I review the Information Systems (IS) research on how developing countries have attempted to benefit from information and communication technologies (ICTs). First I identify three discourses on IS implementation and associated organizational and social change that coexist in information systems in developing countries (ISDC) research, namely as a process of technology and knowledge transfer and adaptation to local social conditions; as a process of socially embedded action; and as a process of transformative techno-organizational intervention associated with global politics and economics. I then point out the distinctive research agenda that has been formed in ISDC studies, both in the more familiar IS themes – failure, outsourcing, and strategic value of ICT – and also in studies of themes relevant specifically to the context of developing countries, such as the development of community ICT and information resources. Finally, I call the reader's attention to the potentially significant theoretical contributions of ISDC research for understanding IS innovation in relation to social context and in relation to socio-economic development theories and policies.

/pdf/information-systems-in-developing-countries-a-critical-5cdssb8w5o.pdf

Information Systems in Developing Countries: a Critical Research Review

Biofabrication aims to fabricate biologically functional products through bioprinting or bioassembly (Groll et al 2016 Biofabrication 8 013001). In biofabrication processes, cells are positioned at defined coordinates in three-dimensional space using automated and computer controlled techniques (Moroni et al 2018 Trends Biotechnol. 36 384-402), usually with the aid of biomaterials that are either (i) directly processed with the cells as suspensions/dispersions, (ii) deposited simultaneously in a separate printing process, or (iii) used as a transient support material. Materials that are suited for biofabrication are often referred to as bioinks and have become an important area of research within the field. In view of this special issue on bioinks, we aim herein to briefly summarize the historic evolution of this term within the field of biofabrication. Furthermore, we propose a simple but general definition of bioinks, and clarify its distinction from biomaterial inks.

https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1758-5090/aaec52/pdf

A definition of bioinks and their distinction from biomaterial inks.

Anthropological and socio-medical health care research in developing countries.

Health care in developing countries

Utilization of health services in developing countries--Tunisia.

Health effects of rural-urban migration in developing countries—Senegal☆

Sante et developpement: Priorities, planification et indicateurs sanitaires☆

La migration à large éclrelle vers les villes constitue l'un des cliangerneitts sociodémographiques profonds qui se produisent à l'heure actuelle dans le monde, en particulier dans les pays du tiers inonde. Par ailleurs, il y a longtemps qu'on a remarqué que la vie urbaine était associée à une ailginentation du risque de nialadie. Afin de mieux comprendre les effets de la migration urbaine sur la santé, et d'autre part, d'essayer d'assister les responsables de la planifkation et de la gestion des services de santé, l'OMS a développé et inis sur pied, en collaboration avec des pays tels que le Sénégal, l'Iran et la NouvelleZélande, quelques études sur ce tlième. L'étude collective a ét& réalisée au Sénégal en 1970-1973 par l'organisation mondiale de la Santé, l'Université de Dakar et l'OfJice de la Recherche scientifique et technique Outre-Mer avec l'assistaiice technique du Ministère de la Santé publique et des Affaires sociales. C'est une enquête ponctuelle dont l'objectif est l'étilde de la migration urbaine et de ses effets sur la sante d'un échantillon de migrants Sérer originaires de l'Arrondissement rural de Niakhar, résidant à Dakar au moinent de l'enquête. C'est aussi, et surtout, une recherche appliquée destinée à comparer deux écchantillons ruraux et urbains du triple point de vue socio-démographique, de la santé physique et inentale et enfin de l'habitat-hygiène. L'analyse de l'éclzantillon urbain est conçue de façon à permettre de déterminer les conditions d'adaptation à la vie urbaine des sujets éfudiés. Les ineiiibres de l'épipe collective y voient égalernent la possibilité d'utiliser I'iFlformation à des fins de planijicatioii sanitaire et de tirer des enseignements pour des recherches appliquées futures. Les objectifs de cette etude ont été réalisés. Les résultats méthodologiques et de substance ainsi que les implications pratiques sont présentés ici. .

/pdf/sante-migration-et-urbanisation-une-etude-collective-au-1kwj9rmtat.pdf

A. Benyoussef

Papers

Health care in developing countries

Utilization of health services in developing countries--Tunisia.

Health effects of rural-urban migration in developing countries—Senegal☆

Sante et developpement: Priorities, planification et indicateurs sanitaires☆

Santé, migration et urbanisation: une étude collective au Sénégal