Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 1977"

TL;DR: Material from field research in Taiwan and data from recent anthropological and clinical investigations are used to support the opposite view that such differences exist and are a function of the cultural shaping of normative and deviant behavior.

TL;DR: The role of support networks during the bereavement crisis is examined specifically and a brief description of the Community Resources Service's project “A Preventive Intervention for the Newly Bereaved” illustrates how understanding of network supports can aid the mental health professional in crisis intervention.

TL;DR: Advances in the understanding and interpretation of sex differences in mortality, morbidity, and use of health services will require a higher level of sustained attention from social scientists than has been exhibited in the past.

TL;DR: Although infant mortality has declined dramatically in the past century, the inverse relationship between social class and perinatal, neonatal and postneonatal mortality has not narrowed, in spite of the advances in medicine and surgery, sanitation and housing conditions, and the overall rise in living standards.

TL;DR: Additional programmatic evaluation studies are required in order to assess which psycho-therapeutic procedures are essential and should be a routine part of treatment of acute CHD patients and their families.

TL;DR: It is proposed in this paper that some consistent personality and attitudinal constructs like self-esteem, externality-internality, learned helplessness, a potent sense of hope and efficacy, and anxiety, which are end-products of a long socialization process characterized by person-environment transaction and interaction, might promise to explain these reactional differences observed among individuals under stress.

TL;DR: The author suggests teaching and learning strategies in five areas: the learner, learning goals, content, and methods of continuing professional education, and evaluation.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors pointed out that barriers slowing down the acceptance of modern medicine in traditional societies are just as much inherent in bureaucratic premises and operations as in the sociocultural forms of the recipient peoples.

TL;DR: The vast majority of patients manifest positive self-concepts in the face of physical adversity, and the “successful adjustment” to the disease is of greatest interest, and an adjustment model is presented.

TL;DR: There are differences in the form of the disorder according to the extent to which women are integrated into the culture of the island, and those most integrated have a higher rate of anxiety and lower rate of depression and the least integrated the reverse pattern.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied women who were to undergo biopsy of their breasts and found that one quarter had delayed more than 4 months and a half had never examined their own breasts.

TL;DR: A survey of 265 mothers of twelve week old infants in a London Borough showed that 62% gave breast milk as the first food and 20% were still breast feeding after 12 weeks, with important factors in breast feeding were race, social class, experience of friends and maternal attitudes.

TL;DR: In this article, an integrative model of seasonality factors is presented; different risk groups, notably black children, are recognized; and, importantly, implications for public health planning are emphasized.

TL;DR: The results reveal that although a small number of women developed one or more features of emotional disturbance after the abortion, the dominant influence was the degree of adjustment existing before the pregnancy.

TL;DR: It is concluded that it is possible to use a single brief questionnaire measurement of psychological disturbance for both Asian and native groups.

TL;DR: Some developing countries have developed health care programmes at the most peripheral level to meet the health and development needs of the deprived populations, and each has attained some degree of success in serving deprived populations.

TL;DR: Analysis of the data generated by each method reveals differences in the levels of illness causation and explanatory orders in the folk medical system, chronicity of the reported illnesses, and the frequency and sequence of medical resource utilization.

TL;DR: There was a significant relationship between the nature of professional communication and the parents' willingness to accept the diagnosis of mental retardation; parents who received specific, clear, and frank communication were more apt toaccept the diagnosis.

TL;DR: Belief in the efficacy of early detection of the disease to reduce the danger from the disease was found to be the strongest correlate of the ability to perform BSE, however, independent effects of fear as reflected in perceived threat and feelings of personal susceptibility were also apparent.

TL;DR: It is proposed that medical geographers recognize traditional medicine as a major and immediate problem area for basic and applied research and recognize its importance in relationship to national health goals and health planning.

TL;DR: The advent of the controlled clinical trial in the interwar years upset the balance between science and clinical experience as forms of medical knowledge and recent trends suggest a return to the importance of clinical experience and the concomitant authority it confers on the doctor.

TL;DR: This paper outlines possible sociological approaches, reviews debates about home versus hospital confinements and the active management of labour, and formulates research questions to which the sociology of reproduction might address itself.

TL;DR: It is seen that despite the most frequent and widespread warnings a drug may still be used, and it is conceded that the process of diffusion of satisfactory innovations is a matter of critical importance.

TL;DR: Data is presented on mothers' beliefs about childhood illnesses and attitudes toward “doctor medicine” in Trinidad and the hot-cold system of classifying illness and cures and one supernatural illness and its treatment by traditional healers—maljo.

TL;DR: It is urged that the Conference develop tactics to strengthen primary care in countries whose socio-political structure is antithetical to it and to use primary care as a means toward bringing changes in the structure in societies where it now is a barrier to health and to care.

TL;DR: Predictions were made relating perceived vulnerability to health problems—and particularly to dental problems—to traumatic experiences, self-concept and health motivation, and results confirm conceiving of perceived vulnerability as an anxiety-like state.