The survival rate, p , of a measured inoculum of Staph. aureus in a standard volume of denbrinated blood, is a reliable quantitative measure of the bactericidal power of blood. The number of viable organisms in the inoculum and in the blood-bacterium mixture may be estimated with the necessary accuracy by counts of colonies developing from measured volumes of the fluids let fall on to the surface of solid media. Fildes' agar was the most suitable medium for this surface-viable count, and was selected on the basis of four criteria; of the media tested it yielded the highest counts, and the counts conformed most closely to a Poisson series; and on it the mean colony size was maximum, and the coefficient of variation of colony size was minimum. On this medium, the close conformity of the separate count values to a Poisson series enabled the standard error of the survival rate to be determined from a simplification of the general expression for the standard error of a ratio. The number of colonies growing from a sample of a blood-bacterium mixture may be reduced, not by killing of the individual cocci, but as a result of their aggregation either by agglutinins in the blood, or in the cytoplasm of leucocytes that are phagocytic but not bactericidal. It appears that these mechanisms are unlikely to operate in blood-bacterium mixture containing relatively few organisms; in such mixtures the survival rate is a reflexion of the killing power only. The immunological significance of p has not been investigated, but the range of values for healthy human adults differs significantly from that for sufferers from chronic staphylococcal infection. Moreover, by the technique employed differences may be detected between individual values of p that cannot reasonably be attributed to technical or sampling errors.

The Estimation of the Bactericidal Power of the Blood. With a Note by J. O. IRWIN.

A fifty fecal swabs (25 from Anbar province and 25 from Salahuddin province) were collected from both sexes dogs with different global breeds, different ages. These swabs were cultured onto blood , nutrient and MacConkey agars, then the colonies were purified on nutrient and MacConkey agars. A gram stain and biochemical tests were done including catalase, oxidase and TSI. The results of isolation and identification showed that Salmonella spp. were isolated from 5 out of 14 puppies (35.7%), while E. coli from 9 (64.3%) and Serratia spp. from 1(7.1%), whereas, from adults , salmonella spp. isolated from 9 (25%) dogs and E. coli from 24 (66.7%) out of 36 adult dogs.It is concluded that Salmonella spp. and E. coli are the most prevalent in asymptomatic dogs and puppies in Anbar province and Salahuddin which means that the dogs are a reservoir for these bacteria and it is considered as a bad indication for transmission of this pathogen to human being and other animals.

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Isolation and Identification of Facultative Anaerobic Bacteria from Feces of Pet Dogs

The current study aimed to explore the histopathological changes in organs of rabbits experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. the second isolate; 39/288 (13.5%), from milk and milk products; collected in the period from August 2019 to April 2020. 18 mature local rabbits of 1-1.900 kg body weight, from both sex, were used. After 2 weeks of adaptation to the environment of the farm of Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Diyala, the animals divided into three groups (6 each), those of 1 st group left without exposure to Salmonella typhimurium, while those of 2 nd group divided into two subgroups, 1 st one received cortisone at a therapeutic dose 0.1mg intramuscular for two times with three days interval, the 2 nd subgroup received cortisone for one time at the same dose, then rabbits of this group and 3 rd group which did not receive cortisone exposed to bacteria prepared and given to animals at a dose rate of 2x 10 9 CFU twice three days apart orally. The dependent parameters were clinical, hematological, and histopathological changes. The results revealed that exposure to S. typhimurium results in the appearance of in appetence, isolation, depression, death. The gross lesions and histological changes were more severe in those exposed to cortisone. The main gross and histopathological changes were in the heart, liver, lung, kidney, and gastrointestinal mucous membranes.

https://www.journal.atmph-specialissues.org/uploads/179/8820_pdf.pdf

Studying the pathogenesis of experimentally infected rabbits with Salmonella typhimurium Isolated from Milk and Milk Product

4.8 . هرطيسك ويناثلا تمدختساو زيكرت ، ةصوصرملا ـدلا ايلاخ ـجح( ةيلاتلا ةيومدلا ريياعملا فم ؿك يف يجيردت عافترا ىلا ريشت ةسا ردلا جئاتن تناك ـدلا تايرك ددع ، ـدلا باضخ يوركلا ـجحلا ؿدعم ( يف ايئاصحا سوممم ريغت يأ أ رطي ـل فيح يف ) فيفيملا ئشنمو يمكلا ـدلا تانيتورب زيكرت رمحلا لاا فيمويلا ؿلاخ تعفترا دقف يمكلا ضيبلا ـدلا ايلاخ دادعا ىلا ةبسنلاب . ) يوركلا ـدلا باضخ زيكرت ؿدعمو يوركلا ـدلا باضخ ؿدعم ، فم فيلو ى فاكو ةبرجتلا . ةبرجتلا ةياين ىتح ضافخنلااب داع ـث ةاونلا ةديحو ايلاخلاو ةيوافمملا ايلاخلا ، تلادعلا دادعا يف عافتراب ابوحصم عافترلاا اذ

/pdf/hematological-changes-in-experimentally-infected-doges-with-1xmk91qkz5.pdf

Hematological changes in experimentally infected doges with Salmonella give .

This research aimed to evaluate the protective ability of Syzygium aromaticum methanolic extract against Salmonella Typhimurium infection in rabbits. Three groups of eight rabbits were given the following: The first group was subcutaneously given SalmonellaTyphimurium-whole sonicated killed antigen (ST-WSKAg); the second group was orally given S. aromaticum extract as well as KWCSAg-ST subcutaneously; the third group was left as positive control group. The rabbit groups were orally challenged by 9×108 CFU/mLSalmonella Typhimurium then the animals were sacrificed 10 days postchallenge for histopathological study. Intestine, liver, kidney, and spleen were studied for pathological changes. The results showed that the second group had the least histopathological changes with mild inflammation and cellular infiltration of inflammatory cells, as well as low amount of vacuolation. The ST-WSKAg group showed multifocal aggregation of inflammatory cells and inflammation of all organs studied, as well as slight interstitial edema with few cellular infiltration and cystic tubular dilation of neighboring tubules in kidney. The positive control group showed the most extensive signs of destruction, severe inflammatory cells infiltration, as well as existence of live bacterium in tissue. In conclusion, Syzygium aromaticum extract showed to give a suitable protective ability against inflammation and destruction of virulent Salmonella Typhimurium infection in comparison to both of ST-WSKAg and positive control groups

The Protective Role of Salmonella Typhimurium-Whole Sonicated Killed Antigen and Syzygium aromaticum Extract on the Histopathological Changes Against Its Infection in Rabbits

The current study aimed to explore the histopatholgical changes in intestine of rabbits experimentally infected with Salmonella typhimurium. A highly virulent isolate of S. typhimurium obtained from Department of internal and preventive medicine/ College of Veterinary Medicine/University of Baghdad were previously diagnosed and confirmed by PCR. Infective dose of bacteria was prepared and given to animals at a dose of 5×10 CFU. The experimental study was conducted on 25 local rabbits of both genders aged between 2-4 months old were adapted for two weeks before starting the experiment. These rabbits divided randomly into five Groups, each group contains 5 rabbits, as follows: Group 1: these were used as negative control Group 2: these were used as infected group which drenched 5 ml suspension which have (5×10 CFU) of Salmonella typhimurium, Group 3: these were given a same dose of Salmonella typhimurium then treated with single dose of gentamicin alone at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally after presence of signs, Group 4: these were given a same dose of S. typhimurium then treated with a single dose of CaEDTA alone at 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs, Group 5: these were drenched with the same dose of S. typhimurium then treated with combination of single dose of gentamicin at 0.05ml/kg (5mg/ml) orally and Ca-EDTA 40mg/kg orally after presence of signs. The presented results of post mortem showed a congestion of intestine and filled with watery diarrhea. The results of histopathological examination of intestine revealed presence of different changes as infiltration of PMNs, destruction of crypts,villus atrophy and mucosal and submucosal blood vessel congestion in G2, G3, G4 pre and post treatment at different times, while the histological architecture in the G5 appeared near to normal with mild PMNs hyperplasia in mucosa at 48 hrs., while, at 96h it showed normal histological appearance.

A. J. Al-Zobaie

Papers

Study the pathological changes in the intestine of rabbits infected experimentally with Salmonella typhimurium.