The review outlines modern trends in theoretical developments, novel designs and modern applications of sandwich structures. The most recent work published at the time of writing of this review is considered, older sources are listed only on as-needed basis. The review begins with the discussion on the analytical models and methods of analysis of sandwich structures as well as representative problems utilizing or comparing these models. Novel designs of sandwich structures is further elucidated concentrating on miscellaneous cores, introduction of nanotubes and smart materials in the elements of a sandwich structure as well as using functionally graded designs. Examples of problems experienced by developers and designers of sandwich structures, including typical damage, response under miscellaneous loads, environmental effects and fire are considered. Sample applications of sandwich structures included in the review concentrate on aerospace, civil and marine engineering, electronics and biomedical areas. Finally, the authors suggest a list of areas where they envision a pressing need in further research.

Review of current trends in research and applications of sandwich structures

Recent advancement in the natural fiber polymer composites: A comprehensive review

The use of adhesive joints has increased rapidly in the past decades. Driven by the growing demand for lightweight structures, composite adherends have increased in popularity, benefiting from their high specific mechanical properties and design tailorability. However, composites are typically weak in the transverse direction, which can cause premature failure by delamination. Several techniques, aimed at reducing stress concentrations and increasing the transverse strength of the adherends, are discussed and compared in terms of material arrangement and geometry design. Lastly, a short summary on prominent features of the techniques is given. The paper is intended to provide guidelines for the design of adhesive joints with composite adherends.

Review on techniques to improve the strength of adhesive joints with composite adherends

Lignocellulosic fiber reinforced composites: Progress, performance, properties, applications, and future perspectives

Mechanical, microstructural, and thermal characterization insights of pyrolyzed carbon black from waste tires reinforced epoxy nanocomposites for coating application

This paper deals with the analysis of vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite materials as the material for the distributed actuator of smart laminated composite plates. A simple micromechanics model has been derived to predict the effective elastic and piezoelectric coefficients of these piezoelectric composites which are useful for the three dimensional analysis of smart structures. The main concern of this study is to investigate the performance of a layer of this vertically reinforced 1-3 piezoelectric composite material as the constraining layer of the active constrained layer damping (ACLD) treatment. A finite element model has been developed for analyzing the active constrained layer damping of laminated symmetric and antisymmetric cross-ply and angle-ply composite plates integrated with the patches of such ACLD treatment. Both in-plane and out-of-plane actuation of the constraining layer of the ACLD treatment have been utilized for deriving the finite element model. The analysis revealed...

On the Use of Vertically Reinforced 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites for Hybrid Damping of Laminated Composite Plates

In this study, solid particle erosion (SPE) wear behavior of bamboo fiber-reinforced epoxy composite with cenosphere filler was investigated. Cenosphere is an industrial waste of thermal power plants which is produced during burning of pulverized coals. The present composites consisting of varying weight percentage of fibers and cenosphere fillers were prepared by hand lay-up technique. The erosion wear rates of these composites have been studied with varying impact velocities and impingement angles. The study reveals that addition of cenosphere filler to the bamboo–epoxy composite reduces its erosion wear rate. Morphologies of the eroded surface of composite samples were inspected by a scanning electron microscope to discuss the behavior of erosion wear. Both bamboo–epoxy composite with and without cenosphere filler show semiductile erosion wear behavior with maximum erosion rate at an impingement angle of 60°.

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/adv.21718

Study of Solid Particle Erosion Wear Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite with Cenosphere Filler

Cenosphere is a ceramic-rich industrial waste produced during burning of coal in thermal power plants This study deals with the effect of cenosphere as particulate filler on mechanical behaviour of natural fibre composites The natural fibre composite consists of bamboo fibre as reinforcement and epoxy as matrix The bamboo fibre is treated with alkali to improve its surface properties The conventional hand lay-up technique is used to prepare different composite specimens Twenty numbers of different composite specimens are prepared with varying number of laminae and filler content The samples are analysed for their mechanical properties to establish the effect of varying filler content and the number of laminae It is found that the mechanical properties are significantly influenced by addition of this waste-based ceramic filler

Effect of cenosphere on mechanical properties of bamboo–epoxy composites

This paper deals with the evaluation of water absorption properties of natural fibre composites consisting of bamboo fibre as reinforcement, epoxy as matrix and cenosphere as particulate filler at different environmental conditions. Hand lay-up technique is used to fabricate the composites with varying number of layers of bamboo fibre and cenosphere filler content. Water absorption kinetics of the composites is presented in this paper. It is observed that the rate of water absorption depends on the fibre content as well as filler content. Addition of filler in the layered bamboo–epoxy composite decreases the moisture absorption capacity and maximum reduction is observed to be 21% and 32% for distilled and sea water conditions, respectively, in seven-layered composite with 3.0 wt% filler.

Studies on water absorption behaviour of bamboo–epoxy composite filled with cenosphere

The rate of propagation of embedded delamination in the strap adherend of lap shear joint (LSJ) made of carbon/epoxy composites has been evaluated employing three-dimensional non-linear finite elements. The delamination has been presumed to pre-exist in the thin resin layer between the first and second plies of the strap adherend. The inter-laminar peel and shear stress distributions have been studied in details and are seen to be predominantly three-dimensional in nature. The components of strain energy release rate (SERR) corresponding to the opening, sliding and cross sliding modes of delamination are significantly different at the two fronts of the embedded delamination. The sequential release of multi-point constraint (MPC) finite elements in the vicinity of the delamination fronts enables to simulate the growth of the delamination at either ends. This simulation procedure can be utilized effectively for evaluation of the status of the structural integrity of the bonded joints.

3D finite element analysis of stress distributions and strain energy release rates for adhesive bonded flat composite lap shear joints having pre-existing delaminations

A. K. Pradhan

Papers

On the Use of Vertically Reinforced 1-3 Piezoelectric Composites for Hybrid Damping of Laminated Composite Plates

Study of Solid Particle Erosion Wear Behavior of Bamboo Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composite with Cenosphere Filler

Effect of cenosphere on mechanical properties of bamboo–epoxy composites

Studies on water absorption behaviour of bamboo–epoxy composite filled with cenosphere

3D finite element analysis of stress distributions and strain energy release rates for adhesive bonded flat composite lap shear joints having pre-existing delaminations