Semen quality, antioxidant status and reproductive performance of rabbits bucks fed milk thistle seeds and rosemary leaves

Nanomicelle curcumin-induced DNA fragmentation in testicular tissue; Correlation between mitochondria dependent apoptosis and failed PCNA-related hemostasis.

Free radicals and oxidation of germ cells in the testis tissue can reduce sperm levels and cause infertility in men. Silymarinisis a compound with antioxidant effects. So, this study is aimed to evaluate the effects of Silymarinison spermatogenesis, tissue changes of testis and hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis processes in rats. 40 adult male Wistar rats were prepared and divided into 5 groups including control, sham and experimental groups receiving silymarinat. Blood samples wereobtained and serum LH, FSH, GnRH and testosterone levels were measured. Testicular tissue sections were prepared and spermatogonia, primary and secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, spermatozoids, Sertoli and Leydigcells were counted by light microscopy. One-way analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA) and Duncan test at significance level of p≤0.05 were used to analyze the data. The mean concentrations of FSH, GnRH and LH hormones in experimental groups receiving silymarin at concentration of 150 mg/kg showed a significant increase compared to the control group. Silymarin at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/kg significantly increased testosterone hormone compared to the control group. Silymarin at concentrations of 100 and 150 mg/kg significantly increased the number of spermatids and spermatozoa cells compared to the control group. Due to the antioxidant property of silymarin, this compound increases the secretion of LH, FSH, GnRH and testosterone and the number of spermatids and spermatozoa cells in rats.

The Effect of Silymarin on Spermatogenesis Process in Rats

Silymarin (SMN) as an ancient plant has various therapeutic usage in many diseases. Almost all of its properties attributed to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Currently, infertility problems impose a heavy burden on many developing countries. As a result, effective infertility treatment is indicated. The role of oxidative stress in both male and female infertility has been revealed. Many studies have shown protective and antioxidative properties of SMN against adverse effects of chemotherapy medications and environmental toxins in sperms and oocytes. The antioxidative and clinical role of SMN in infertility has been reviewed. The use of antioxidants such as SMN can help to improve fertility rate by scavenging free radicals and inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B transcription factor. Animal studies in both male and female have indicated a beneficial effect of SMN on fertility recovery. Further clinical studies are needed considering the phytoestrogenic property of SMN, to determine the right dose and duration of treatment.

Clinical Role of Silymarin in Oxidative Stress and Infertility: A Short Review for Pharmacy Practitioners.

Silymarin is proclaimed to be a blend of flavonolignans or phytochemicals. An era of new generation of direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) has commenced to have facet effect in swaying of the hepatitis C virus (HCV). Nonetheless, this therapy has serious side effects that jeopardize its efficacy. This study is aimed at probing the effects of ribavirin (RBV) and sofosbuvir (SOF) along with silymarin as an adjunct therapy on hematological parameters and markers of obscured oxidative stress. The effect of DAAs along with silymarin was also examined on variable sex hormone level and liver function markers such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and bilirubin. The study was followed to determine viral load and viral genotypes. A total of 30 patients were randomly divided into two equal groups comprising the control group (n = 15) and treatment group (n = 15). The control group was solely administered with DAAs (SOF and RBV; 400 mg/800 mg each/day). Conversely, the treatment group was dispensed with DAAs, but with adjunct therapy of silymarin (400 mg/day) along with DAAs (400/800 mg/day) over period of 8 weeks. Sampling of blood was performed at pre- and posttreatment levels for the evaluation of different propound parameters. Our data showed that silymarin adjunct therapy enhances the efficiency of DAAs. A decrease in menace level of liver markers such as ALT, ALP, AST, and bilirubin was observed (p > 0.05). The adjunct therapy concurrently also demonstrated an ameliorative effect on hematological indices and oxidative markers, for instance, SOD, TAS, GSH, GSSG, and MDA (p < 0.05), diminishing latent viral load. The silymarin administration was also found to revamp the fluster level of sex hormones. Our outcomes provide evidence that systematic administration of silymarin effectively remits deviant levels of hematological, serological, hormonal, and antioxidant markers. This demonstrates a possibly unique role of silymarin in mitigating hepatitis C.

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Effect of Silymarin as an Adjunct Therapy in Combination with Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin in Hepatitis C Patients: A Miniature Clinical Trial

Article history: Received on: 28/10/2012 Accepted on: 14/11/2012 Available online: 28/11/2012 Silibinin (silybin) is one of the structural isomers of the flavonoid silymarin, and it has wide variety of phytotherapeutic applications and the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of silibinin on testicular tissue of mice. Twenty male Swiss albino mice were divided into four groups. Each group consist of five animal, (Group 1) (negative control) animals were administered single intraperitoneal (IP) daily dose of phosphate buffer for 5 days, Groups ( 2, 3, and 4) were given a single IP daily dose of either (50, 100 or 150 mg/kg B.wt.) of silibinin respectively for 5 days. Microscopic examinations of sperms, histological examinations of testes and serum testosterone level had been measured. It was found that silibinin in doses of (100 or 150) mg/Kg produced a significant increase (P<0.05) in the level of testosterone in comparison with group 1. Also, silibinin in dose of 100 mg/Kg showed a significant increase in the diameter of spermatide, and significant increase was observed in group of animals treated with 150 mg/kg of silibinin concerning the diameter of primary spermatocyte and diameter of spermatide. The results indicate that silibinin can improve some testicular parameters as well as testosterone levels.

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A R Saad

Papers

What Are The Effects of Silibinin on Testicular Tissue of Mice