Review of recent progress in the study of corrosion products of steels in a hydrogen sulphide environment

Progress in the development of sour corrosion inhibitors: Past, present, and future perspectives

Modelling of stress-corrosion cracking by using peridynamics

Currently, thousands of kilometers of pipeline steels are transferring hydrocarbon fluids such as oil and natural gas in the world. Due to the fact that these pipes transport corrosive and high-pressure fluids from harsh environments, they are damaged and eventually degraded. Previous studies showed that sulphide stress cracking, hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) and stress corrosion cracking are the main destructive factors in these types of pipes. This paper focused on the HIC related failure in pipeline steel, since the role of texture and grain boundary character has not been completely recognized. Moreover, if pipeline damage is occurred by hydrogen cracks, besides the environmental pollutions, it will cost a lot to repair or replace the damaged pipeline steels. In this research, the factors influencing the initiation and propagation of the HIC cracks, such as hydrogen traps, inclusions, precipitates, microstructure and texture of steel have been investigated. Also, the existing solutions for improving the steel resistance to the HIC have been investigated based on the control of micro-alloy elements, texture and grain boundary engineering. For instance, some special dominant texture components and coincidence site lattice boundaries decrease the HIC susceptibility by providing the resistant path for crack propagation.

Important Factors on the Failure of Pipeline Steels with Focus on Hydrogen Induced Cracks and Improvement of Their Resistance: Review Paper

Hydrogen induced cracking (HIC) remains a prominent issue for oil and gas exploration in challenging environments. This assessment discusses HIC in light of hydrogen transport through pipeline steel microstructures and crack initiation and propagation processes. While there has been significant research in hydrogen permeation through steel alloys, additional understanding is necessary in microstructures specific to pipeline steels. Furthermore, a standard model for crack initiation and propagation processes needs to be established; a fracture mechanics based model, which has been used by some researchers, is presented in the present paper to predict crack propagation. Advanced characterisation techniques can help elucidate mechanisms of hydrogen induced crack growth. Ultimately, linking hydrogen transport and cracking processes during HIC will enable optimised alloy and microstructure design.

Critical Assessment 17: Mechanisms of hydrogen induced cracking in pipeline steels

An effective finite element model for the prediction of hydrogen induced cracking in steel pipelines

In this paper, we studied the water transport in thermoset matrices. We used Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) during sorption/desorption experiments to investigate the interaction between sorbed water and the epoxy network. Our results demonstrated that the polymer matrix undergoes hydrolysis. We found that the chemical species involved in the reaction process was the residual anhydride groups. These results support the physical basis of the three-dimensional (3D) diffusion/reaction model. We finally showed that this model is able to reproduce multi-cycle sorption/desorption experiment, as well as water uptake in hybrid metal/epoxy samples. We simulated the 3D distributions of the diffusing water and the reacted water.

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Monitoring and simulations of hydrolysis in epoxy matrix composites during hygrothermal aging

NACE MR0175/ISO 15156-2 standard provides test conditions and acceptance criteria to evaluate the resistance of carbon and low-alloy steels to hydrogen-induced cracking (HIC). The second option pro...

Model of Parameters Controlling Resistance of Pipeline Steels to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

Separation apparatuses for the separation of a mixture of two fluids, such as a water-in-oil emulsion, via electrocoalescence, are provided. A separation apparatus may include a series of flow conditioners each having a different permittivity, such that the flow conditioner having a permittivity that is similar or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium is selected. Another separation apparatus may include a flow conditioner having a frequency-dependent permittivity, such that the frequency of the electric field generated is selected so that the permittivity of the flow conditioner is as similar as possible to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium. Another separation apparatus may include a replaceable flow conditioner that may be replaced with a flow conditioner having a permittivity that is as similar to or equal to the permittivity of the flowing medium.

Abderrazak Traidia

Papers

An effective finite element model for the prediction of hydrogen induced cracking in steel pipelines

Monitoring and simulations of hydrolysis in epoxy matrix composites during hygrothermal aging

Model of Parameters Controlling Resistance of Pipeline Steels to Hydrogen-Induced Cracking

Method and apparatus for promoting droplets coalescence in oil continuous emulsions

A Unified Modeling of Hydrogen-Induced Cracking in Steel Pipelines