Department of Materials Science, University of Patras, 26504 Rio Patras, Greece, Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 48 Vass. Constantinou Avenue, 116 35 Athens, Greece, Institut de Biologie Moleculaire et Cellulaire, UPR9021 CNRS, Immunologie et Chimie Therapeutiques, 67084 Strasbourg, France, and Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Universita di Trieste, Piazzale Europa 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy

Chemistry of Carbon Nanotubes

▪ Abstract Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) is an important mechanism for charge transfer in a wide variety of systems including biology- and materials-oriented venues. We review several are...

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Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer

MEDICAL LITERATURE has been deluged during the past few years with books and papers on penicillin; but a book which has been produced under the general editorship of Sir Alexander Fleming himself represents a complete and authoritative summary of penicillin therapy as it stands today.' The book contains a series of independent contributions by \"experienced and eminent men who have worked with penicillin in Great Britain\". Their opinions and practical methods differ slightly, and there is some overlapping; but these are not disadvantageous, comparison and contrast lending interest to the reading. In the first or general section of the book Fleming contributes two chapters, one on the history and development of penicillin, introducing some interesting sidelights in the romance of discovery, the other on the bacteriological control of penicillin therapy. In both chapters the information is set out in meticulous detail and with a clarity and simplicity which can be enjoyed by all readers. Fleming also gives the right perspective to the place of penicillin amongst the antibiotics and lays down the principles of treatment. Both chapters are well illustrated and are the most outstanding in the book. Included in this first section also are chapters on the chemistry and manufacture of penicillin and its pharmacy, pharmacology and methods of administration. The second section of the book is entirely clinical, giving each author's view on the use of penicillin therapy in a disease or an infection of some particular region of the body. The entire range of peniCillin-sensitive conditions is considered in twenty authoritative and clearly written chapters; these contain many references and illustrations. Dental and veterinary diseases are also given fairly full consideration. The final section is a condensed resume of much of the preceding chapters and is written for. the general practttioner. This chapter is superttuous: it does not contain enough detall to be of much practical value. The book as a Whole, however, will undoubtedly be considered a classical contribution to medical literature and is strongly recommended, not only because of the general interest of its topic, but as a reference book on penicillin therapy of hitherto unequalled excellence. The typography, although conforming to war economy standards, is clear and the paper is good. There is an excellent list of references and the index is satisfactory.

Gray's Anatomy

We developed two-step solution-phase reactions to form hybrid materials of Mn3O4 nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) sheets for lithium ion battery applications. Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown selectively on RGO sheets over free particle growth in solution allowed for the electrically insulating Mn3O4 nanoparticles wired up to a current collector through the underlying conducting graphene network. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles formed on RGO show a high specific capacity up to ~900mAh/g near its theoretical capacity with good rate capability and cycling stability, owing to the intimate interactions between the graphene substrates and the Mn3O4 nanoparticles grown atop. The Mn3O4/RGO hybrid could be a promising candidate material for high-capacity, low-cost, and environmentally friendly anode for lithium ion batteries. Our growth-on-graphene approach should offer a new technique for design and synthesis of battery electrodes based on highly insulating materials.

Mn3O4-Graphene Hybrid as a High Capacity Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries

Photoreduction of CO2 into sustainable and green solar fuels is generally believed to be an appealing solution to simultaneously overcome both environmental problems and energy crisis. The low selectivity of challenging multi-electron CO2 photoreduction reactions makes it one of the holy grails in heterogeneous photocatalysis. This Review highlights the important roles of cocatalysts in selective photocatalytic CO2 reduction into solar fuels using semiconductor catalysts. A special emphasis in this review is placed on the key role, design considerations and modification strategies of cocatalysts for CO2 photoreduction. Various cocatalysts, such as the biomimetic, metal-based, metal-free, and multifunctional ones, and their selectivity for CO2 photoreduction are summarized and discussed, along with the recent advances in this area. This Review provides useful information for the design of highly selective cocatalysts for photo(electro)reduction and electroreduction of CO2 and complements the existing reviews on various semiconductor photocatalysts.

Cocatalysts for Selective Photoreduction of CO2 into Solar Fuels.

Herein, we designed a sensitive and selective “Turn-On” fluorescence nanosensor using water-soluble carbonaceous fluorescent nanomaterials (CFNs) functionalized with thiourea (CFNs-Thiourea) for efficient detection of trace concentrations of arsenic (III) in aqueous samples. The CFNs and CFNs-Thiourea were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), UV–visible spectroscopy (UV-vis) and fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The emission peak intensity of proposed nanosensor at 425 nm was gradually enhanced on arsenite addition in a wide detection range (3.3–828.5 µg L−1) attributed to the binding of arsenite species with sulfur groups of CFNs-Thiourea. The limit of detection (LOD) was 0.48 µg L−1 being much lower than the World Health Organization (WHO) recommended threshold value of 10 µg L−1. Furthermore, the as-prepared CFNs-Thiourea exhibited a superb selectivity for As (III) compared to various cations and anions, such as; NO3−, NO2−, F−, Ni2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Zn2+, Fe2+, Hg2+, Pb2+, F−, Cl−, Mn2+, Cr3+, Co2+, Cd2+, Bi3+, Al3+ and As (V) at 100 folds concentration of As (III). The turn on fluorescence nanosensor was successfully exploited for quantification of arsenic in spiked water samples with acceptable efficiencies.

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A Chelation-enhanced Fluorescence Assay using Thiourea Capped Carbonaceous Fluorescent Nanoparticles for As (III) Detection in Water Samples.

Background:Methadone is considered as a good choice for maintenance treatment program (MMTP) in opioid addicted individuals. QT interval prolongation was reported previously in methadone chronic usersespecially in high dose prescription. QT-interval prolongation predisposes patients to lethal dysrhythmia. This is a report of corrected QT(QTc) prolongation due to acute methadone poisoning. To the best of our knowledge, in review of literatures, there is no previous report of QTc prolongation in cases that are not on chronic methadone therapy. Case Report: The patient was a 20 years old man who has occasionally used opium and ice since 8 month before admission. One night before admission he consumed ice and found psychotic state so he was referred to the addiction treatment center and they put him on methadone maintenance treatment with high dose of methadone. After 40 minutes the patient was drowsy and then hypopnea was started. The patient was referred to the hospital and resuscitation was done after naloxone prescription. After stabilizing general conditions the electrocardiograph shows QTc prolongation which was returned to normal status after 2 days. After 5 days the patient was transferred to psychiatric service with normal sinus rhythm and stable condition. Conclusion:QT interval prolongation in chronic methadone maintenance therapy is defined previously especially in patients on other drugs that interact with the CYP3A4 isoenzyme system and who are on high dose methadone treatment, but it seems that acute methadone intoxication also may prolong the QT interval which should be investigated in future studies.

https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/ijmtfm/article/download/4559/pdf_9

QTc Prolongation in Acute Methadone Poisoning

The design and development of multifunctional injectable hydrogels with high photothermal antibacterial activity and shape adaptability to accelerate bacteria-infected wound healing is of critical importance in clinical applications. In this study, a hybrid hydrogel composed of gelatin, iron, and MnO2 nanosheets was prepared by multiple interactions, including coordinative and hydrogen bonding as well as electrostatic attraction. The introduced MnO2 and Fe components made the hydrogels photothermally and chemodynamically active, thereby endowing them with potent antibacterial capabilities against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria. Because of the Fenton activity of the hydrogels, they could produce abandoned oxygen, which is highly crucial in the healing process of wounds. They also showed good cytocompatibility and hemocompatibility as well as high hemostatic properties. Moreover, the injectable hydrogels could fill irregular wounds and significantly accelerate bacteria-infected wound healing through decreasing the inflammatory response and increasing blood vessels. These features indicated the promising potential of the multifunctional hydrogel for healing infected full-thickness wounds.

Injectable Antibacterial Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Incorporated with Two-Dimensional Nanosheets for Multimodal Healing of Bacteria-Infected Wounds.

Neurobehavioral effects in workers exposed to cyanide

Background : Methadone as a synthetic opioid is widely used for treatment of opioid dependency. One of the causes of methadone related sudden death is cardiac toxicity. This study was aimed to determine the electrocardiographic changes in acute methadone poisoning. Methods: This is a cross sectional study on patients older than 12 years old with acute methadone poisoning who were admitted in Loghman poisoning center at 2010-2011. Data analysis was done by means of SPSS version 16 and appropriate statistical tests at the significant level of P<0.05. Results: In one year period, 51 patients with mean age of 40.59±18.27 (31-51) years, including 39 males, with acute methadone poisoning were included in to the study. Seven patients (13.7%) were acutely poisoned, 29 patients (56.8%) had acute on chronic methadone poisoning and others had not reliable history. The mean time of PR, QRS and QTc were 150.2±34.22, 77.06±13.89 and 421.76±43.04ms, respectively. The prolongation of PR, QRS and QTc were observed in 9.8%, 1.96% and 17.6% of patients, respectively. A significant statistical association was observed between PR prolongation and type of poisoning and QRS prolongation and outcome (P=0.035 and 0.009). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate the occurrence of cardiac toxicity in patients with acute methadone poisoning. Further studies are required on acute methadone poisoning in patients with known previous cardiac status.

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Abdollah Salimi

Papers

A Chelation-enhanced Fluorescence Assay using Thiourea Capped Carbonaceous Fluorescent Nanoparticles for As (III) Detection in Water Samples.

QTc Prolongation in Acute Methadone Poisoning

Injectable Antibacterial Gelatin-Based Hydrogel Incorporated with Two-Dimensional Nanosheets for Multimodal Healing of Bacteria-Infected Wounds.

Neurobehavioral effects in workers exposed to cyanide

Electrocardiographic Findings in Patients with Acute Methadone Poisoning