Lean manufacturing and agile manufacturing have been two prominent manufacturing paradigms over the past decades, with the respective aims of reducing waste to achieve low-cost and being flexible i...

Combining lean and agile manufacturing competitive advantages through Industry 4.0 technologies: an integrative approach

This paper provides a review and analysis of trends related to demand response (DR). The authors have considered six different topics for the analysis of DR trends: Users, Network Services, Markets, Complementary Programs and Distributed Energy Resources (DER). A brief summary of the consulted articles is included and the behavior of the different DR trend-related topics is shown up to the year 2017 and their projections for 2020. As a result, the characterization of the main DR topics is obtained as well as its current and future trends. Based on the results of the study, it is concluded that the topic of complementary programs is a trendsetter for current trends and it is expected that there is a future change of focus towards the users and new services.

A Review and Analysis of Trends Related to Demand Response

Social media has made it possible to manipulate the masses via disinformation and fake news at an unprecedented scale. This is particularly alarming from a security perspective, as humans have proven to be one of the weakest links when protecting critical infrastructure in general, and the power grid in particular. Here, we consider an attack in which an adversary attempts to manipulate the behavior of energy consumers by sending fake discount notifications encouraging them to shift their consumption into the peak-demand period. Using Greater London as a case study, we show that such disinformation can indeed lead to unwitting consumers synchronizing their energy-usage patterns, and result in blackouts on a city-scale if the grid is heavily loaded. We then conduct surveys to assess the propensity of people to follow-through on such notifications and forward them to their friends. This allows us to model how the disinformation may propagate through social networks, potentially amplifying the attack impact. These findings demonstrate that in an era when disinformation can be weaponized, system vulnerabilities arise not only from the hardware and software of critical infrastructure, but also from the behavior of the consumers.

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How weaponizing disinformation can bring down a city's power grid.

Disrupting the power grid via EV charging: The impact of the SMS Phishing attacks

Industry 4.0 needs to dynamically adjust complex production lines made up of various assets. Asset Administration Shell (AAS) is a virtual representation of the assets of the Industry 4.0 era. It forms the industrial components under Industry 4.0 with the physical parts of the assets. This paper combs the research progress and challenges of AAS from 2016 with the theme of interoperability, modelling, and application, and looks forward to possible future research directions.

A Review of Asset Administration Shell

Demand Response (DR) is considered an effective mechanism by utilities worldwide to address demand supply mismatch and reduce energy consumption, peak load and emissions. Consumer participation is central to realize the full potential offered by DR programs. The communication between a utility company and consumers participating in DR is through DR messages. However, despite the importance of DR messages in the context of residential DR programs, only a limited number of relevant experimental studies have been reported in literature so far. To address this gap, in this paper, we report findings from 6-month long DR field trials involving residential participants in Lulea, Sweden. The trials specifically focus on four aspects related to DR messages — notification mechanism, message type, associated incentive, and participation feedback. The primary outcome of these trials is a set of guidelines and recommendations for design of effective DR programs.

Methodologies for effective demand response messaging

At present, manufacturing processes are highly tailored to a specific product. Changes in product requirements therefore lead to big manual efforts for adapting the manufacturing process and reconfiguring production resources accordingly. Existing approaches do not cope well with this complexity. This hinders agile, customer-oriented manufacturing. A promising approach for automated assembling processes is the Machine as a Service paradigm, which aims for providing production resources on demand. This requires a consistent and pervasive formalization of product specifications, the corresponding manufacturing resources and their interdependencies. Thus, our first contribution is a generic and extensible multi-level and modular modeling framework to formalize products and available resources. Our framework is scalable for large companies and enables reuse for cross-company collaboration and supplier integration. Thereby, the static relationship between product, process and resource is avoided by describing product features and resource skills in separate models. Our framework uses the standardized SysML/UML. Our second contribution is the ability of our framework to integrate different standards. For demonstration, we apply our multi-level approach to a flexible assembly of terminal boxes for transmission gears and show the integration of standards by embedding the eCl@ss classification.

Multi-Level Modeling Framework for Machine as a Service Applications Based on Product Process Resource Models

Abstraction, refinement and (de-)composition are fundamental techniques for engineering large software systems. In the context of Model Driven Development (MDD), these techniques are primarily applied to models. Our goal is to integrate automated composition of data models into the development process. We focus primarily on Class Diagrams (CDs) which are widely used to model object-oriented systems. In particular, we consider the variant of UML/P CDs which are equipped with a formal semantics for both the closed-world and open-world assumptions and allow for underspecified associations. A sound merge of CDs must include precisely the information of its components and preserve their semantic implications. In this paper we introduce a merge operator for CDs that considers both formal and implementation-oriented soundness requirements. The operator is able to support a divide-and-conquer approach for modeling and code-generation of large object-oriented software systems. We clarify why we deem an open-world approach necessary and outline merge conflicts and variants. Finally, we discuss integration of automated merging into the development process and provide an outlook on run-time data integration.

Achim Lindt

Papers

Methodologies for effective demand response messaging

Multi-Level Modeling Framework for Machine as a Service Applications Based on Product Process Resource Models

CDMerge: Semantically Sound Merging of Class Diagrams for Software Component Integration.