Chromosome analysis or karyotyping is one among powerful methods to characterize normal or abnormal genetic of animals. On the basis of the important chromosome abnormalities and their negative effect in the near future, chromosomal investigation of breeding bull especially for Artificial Insemination (AI) began in different countries. Chromosomal abnormalities are usually considered to be a plague and are to eliminate. In Indonesia, AI implementation in cattle have been started intensively, especially using imported bulls (bos Taurus) i.e. Limousine. A number of cattle breeds have been reported on of the 50 exotic breeds with the problem of 1/29 translocation, then the chromosome analysis to be important to execute. Method performed by collecting blood samples from first generation of crossing breed Madura Cattle vs. Bos Taurus. Sample was added to medium (Karyo MAX Gibco) then placed in CO 2 incubator at 38 ° C. Colcichine was added after 70 hours and kept for 2–3 hours. Slides were prepared and dried then stained with Giemsa. Slides were examined under high phase-contrast microscope, chromosome analysis using cytovision software and manual analysis straightly captured under microscope then arranged. Result of both method of karyotyping may accepted for analysing method of abnormal/normal chromosome. It showed that the 2 N diploid number of chromosome was normal was 60, there were 58 autosomes and 2 sex chromosomes in all cattle observed. It was observed that all cattle tested in this research were normal categories.  The karyotype analysis of all cattle showed that the chromosomes of one cell and different individual each breed varied in size, shape and position of centromere. It was recommended to performed chromosomal investigation of breeding bulls using advanced sophisticated tools of analysis like cytovision image analysis of fluorescent technique. Manual method was recommended only for analysis of normal or abnormal number of chromosome.

https://rjls.ub.ac.id/index.php/rjls/article/download/161/155

The Comparison of Chromosome Analysis Result by Manual and Software Cytovision Image Analysis Using Simple G-Banding

The estimation of growth curves and mature size of ten body measurements, namely withers height,hip height, body length, chest girth, chest depth, chest width, rump length, hip width, thurl width, andpin bone width, were studied in Bali bulls and heifers at the age of 12, 15, 18, 21 and 24 months. 108bulls and 146 heifers at Bone district and 152 bulls and 110 heifers at Barru district, South Sulawesi,Indonesia were measured. The Brody growth function was fitted to each animal’s records and leastsquaresanalysis were used to investigate the effects of place, sex, and age to growth curve and maturesize of body measurements of Bali bulls and heifers. The result showed that the growth of bodymeasurements of Bali cattle until 24 months of age were still increasing and not reaching the mature sizeyet. The place, sex and age factors were significantly affected to the growth of body measurements ofBali cattle.

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The estimation of growth curve of bali cattle at bone and barru districts, south sulawesi, indonesia using ten body measurements

Bali cattle enterprise in Eastern Indonesia is characterized by low productivity and small holder farming system that rely heavily on natural resource for feed. Although innovations of improved forage and feeding management are available, Sumbawanese farmers still practice extensive traditional feeding system. This paper discusses approach and strategies applied to manage change on farmers’ practices in a low input cattle production system aiming for higher productivity and profitability. An action research study was conducted in Sumbawa between 2010-2014 to assess contribution of approaches, methods and strategies towards farmers’ practice changes. The research was entwined in an adaptive research project entitled “improving forage tree legume management for cattle fattening in Eastern Indonesia”. The study has shown that a combination of methods and strategies developed from the results of a community based situation analysis was effective to manage farmers towards practice changes. These methods included rising self awareness, adaptive trial, increasing knowledge and skills and providing access to inputs. The practice changes can be seen by farmers started implementing the introduced innovations including planting improved feed Leucaena sp. and improved cattle management. These changed practices subsequently have improved the cattle productivity which has provided increased return for farmers. This paper concludes that more intensive stakeholder participation in planning processes resulted in a greater sense of ownership over achievements, followed by faster, more sustainable and self-motivated practice change. Sustainable practice change is likely to lead to higher agricultural productivity, in turn enhancing farmers’ livelihoods.

https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/Delivery.cfm/SSRN_ID2738391_code1520621.pdf?abstractid=2733935&mirid=2

Managing Sustainable Practice Changes in a Low Input Bali Cattle Production System in West Sumbawa

Ciptadi G, Ihsan MN, Nurgiartiningsih VMA, Ardyah IP, Mudawamah M. 2017. Short Communication: The normal karyotyping result of Indonesian native breed bull qualified for artificial insemination. Biodiversitas 18: 1462-1467. Bali and Madura cattle are important native breed in Indonesia, both descendants of wild banteng (Bos javanicus). These breeds are categorized as a small type beef cattle, and are indigenous, well adapted and, have high resistance to diseases. The aims of this research were to analyze dendrograms of these breed and karyotype breeding bull selected for Artificial Insemination (AI). The result showed that the 2n diploid number of chromosome of all cattle was 60 and they were considered normal, based on the number and structure of chromosomes. Fiftyeight acrocentric autosomes and 2 sex chromosome were observed, including a submetacentric X-large chromosome submetacentric and a small Y chromosome. Dendrogram analysis showed that Bali and Madura cattle were closely related and derived more from their ancestor wild banteng than from Java cattle. It is recommended to perform a chromosomal investigation of breeding bulls especially those used for freezing semen production and AI implementation.

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Short Communication: The normal karyotyping result of Indonesian native breed bull qualified for artificial insemination

Development production of Indonesia local cattle didn't balance increasing of consumption livestock in Indonesian so that's makes imports are still high both local beef production. Indonesian local cattle is one of cattle the largest contributed the national meat production of ruminant particular group of cattle so that the livestock has the potential to be developed as a profitable business if doing of farmer. One of advantages is potential areas in South Kalimantan mainly swamp lands was very large. It's one effort in national promoting food sovereignty programme and the provinces especially about introduction of Indonesian local cattle in the swamp area are also important. Availability of region in South Kalimantan spacious and great forage production, then prospects for cattle productivity there is huge so that's can even increase income for farmers. The programme more serious support from the governance of South Kalimantan province to develop Indonesian local cattle in swamp area and in that's a real policy for encouraging farmers to maintain Indonesian local cattle to make sustainable food in Indonesia.

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Prospect development of local beef cattle from South Kalimantan as supporting to food sovereignty in Indonesia

Bali cattle is an Indonesian native beef cattle, the result of domestication of Banteng (Bos-bibos banteng). The main problem faced in the development of Bali cattle is the low quality of breed, which is predicted as the effect of inbreeding or raising management. The affects of genetic and cross breeding which usually inflict a loss are the decreasing of cattleâ€™s endurance, fertility and birth weight. Seeing the fact, the government effort to introduce a quality bull to the breed source areas, the determination of cattle release including the controll on the cutting of productive female cattle, and to exactly count the number of Bali cattle which can be released in order to do not disturb its population balance, so it is necessary to do conservation attempt by in-situ and ex-situ. The result of this study shows that the characteristics on genetic resource of Bali cattle which comprises documentation, evaluation on reproduction and production, and attempt in increasing Bali cattleâ€™s genetic quality in Indonesia have been done, eventhough those are still limited.Â© 2005 Jurusan Biologi FMIPA UNS SurakartaKeywords: Bali cattle, animal genetic resource, reproduction, production

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REVIEW:The Characteristics of Genetic Resource of Bali Cattle (Bos-bibos banteng) and the Alternative of It's Conservation Methods

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan finansial usaha penggemukan Sapi Bali pola peternakan rakyat di Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara dan untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha yang telah dijalankan. Pengambilan lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada tiga desa berdasarkan jumlah populasi sapi potong tertinggi di Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat yaitu Desa Fatunisuan, Desa Salu, dan Desa Lemon yang berada di wilayah Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Penelitian telah dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022 sampai dengan Januari 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei untuk mengumpulkan data primer dari respoden dan data sekunder diperoleh dari dinas terkait. Pengambilan sampel responden penelitian ditentukan secara purposive sampling sebanyak 30 responden peternak penggemukan Sapi Bali. Analisis kelayakan finansial menggunakan kriteria yaitu benefit cost ratio (BCR), net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), pay back period of credit (PPC), lalu dilanjutkan break even point (BEP). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa nilai investasi selama 5 tahun dengan discount factor 12%; usaha penggemukan Sapi Bali layak untuk diusahakan dengan hasil analisis kriteria kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa nilai BCR sebesar 1,59; NPV sebesar Rp 16.558.385,94; nilai IRR sebesar 29,01%; nilai PPC selama 1,25 tahun serta BEP penjualan sapi Rp. 13.291.782,88 dan BEP berdasarkan unit ternak sebesar 1 ekor.

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Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Penggemukan Sapi Bali Pola Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur

Achmad Nur Chamdi

Papers

REVIEW:The Characteristics of Genetic Resource of Bali Cattle (Bos-bibos banteng) and the Alternative of It's Conservation Methods

Analisis Kelayakan Finansial Usaha Penggemukan Sapi Bali Pola Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Miomaffo Barat, Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur